Tag: 100-200

Scheeff, Stephan; Riviere, Solenne; Ruiz, Johal; Dedenbach, Simon; Menche, Dirk published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《Modular Total Synthesis of iso-Archazolids and Archazologs》.Reference of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate The article contains the following contents:

Full details on the design, development, and successful implementation of suitable synthetic strategies directed toward the total synthesis of iso-archazolids and archazologs are reported. Both a biomimetic and a multistep total synthesis of iso-archazolid B, the most potent and least abundant archazolid, are described. The bioinspired conversion from archazolid B was realized by a high-yielding 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene catalyzed one-step double-bond shift. A highly stereoselective total synthesis was accomplished in 25 steps, involving a sequence of highly stereoselective aldol reactions, an efficient aldol condensation to forge two elaborate fragments, and a challenging ring-closing metathesis macrocyclization with an unusual Stewart-Grubbs catalyst. These strategies proved to be generally useful and could be successfully implemented for the preparation of three novel iso-archazolids as well as five novel archazologs, lacking the thiazole side chain. A wide variety of further archazolids and archazologs may now be targeted for exploration of the promising anticancer potential of these polyketide macrolides. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5Reference of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate)

Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5) belongs to aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons belong to the most abundant fraction in crude oil. Aliphatics molecules are linear or branched open-chain structures such as n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes (naphthenes), terpenes and steranes.Reference of Diethyl 2-methylmalonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《The fate of methyl salicylate in the environment and its role as signal in multitrophic interactions》 was written by Ren, Yangang; McGillen, Max R.; Daele, Veronique; Casas, Jerome; Mellouki, Abdelwahid. SDS of cas: 119-36-8 And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Phytohormones emitted into the atm. perform many functions relating to the defense, pollination and competitiveness of plants. To be effective, their atm. lifetimes must be sufficient that these signals can be delivered to their numerous recipients. We investigate the atm. loss processes for Me salicylate (MeSA), a widely emitted plant volatile. Simulation chambers were used to determine gas-phase reaction rates with OH, NO3, Cl and O3; photolysis rates; and deposition rates of gas-phase MeSA onto organic aerosols. Room temperature rate coefficients are determined (in units of cm3 mol.-1/s) to be (3.20 ± 0.46) x 10-12, (4.19 ± 0.92) x 10-15, (1.65 ± 0.44) x 10-12 and (3.33 ± 2.01) x 10-19 for the reactions with OH, NO3, Cl and O3 resp. Photolysis is negligible in the actinic range, despite having a large reported near-UV chromophore. Conversely, aerosol uptake can be competitive with oxidation under humid conditions, suggesting that this compound has a high affinity for hydrated surfaces. A total lifetime of gas-phase MeSA of 1-4 days was estimated based on all these loss processes. The competing sinks of MeSA demonstrate the need to assess lifetimes of semiochems. holistically, and we gain understanding of how atm. sinks influence natural communication channels within complex multitrophic interactions. This approach can be extended to other compounds that play vital roles in ecosystems, such as insect pheromones, which may be similarly affected during atm. transport. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8SDS of cas: 119-36-8)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.SDS of cas: 119-36-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Metal-free iminyl radical-mediated C-C single bond cleavage/functionalization of redox-active oxime esters》 was published in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2020. These research results belong to Zhang, Miao-Miao; Li, Shi-Hong; Tu, Jia-Lin; Min, Qing-Qiang; Liu, Feng. Application In Synthesis of Benzyl acrylate The article mentions the following:

A visible-light-driven iminyl radical-mediated C-C bond cleavage and functionalization of cycloketone oxime esters have been accomplished to give distal cyano pyridines such as I [R1 = H, Me, Bn, etc.; R2 = H, Me, Ph, etc.; R3 = H, 4-Me, 5-Me; R4 = H, Ph, 4-ClC6H4; R5 = H, 4-MeC6H4; n = 1, 2, 3, etc.; X = O, CH(Ph), CH(OBn), etc.] and distal cyano alkenes such as II [R6 = COOEt, Ph, 2-naphthyl, etc.; R7 = H, Me, Bn, etc.; R8 = H, Me, Ph, etc.]. This protocol is simple and does not require expensive and toxic photoredox and/or transition-metal catalysis, providing a novel catalyst-free strategy for alkylation, allylation, vinylation and alkynylation through addition of C(sp3)-centered radicals to various unsaturated acceptors. The com. available and photoactive Hantzsch ester effectively serves as an electron donor, as well as a hydrogen atom source. In the experiment, the researchers used Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4Application In Synthesis of Benzyl acrylate)

Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4) has been used in preparation of high refractive index polyacrylates. Benzyl acrylate is used in the preparation of heptanoic acid benzyl ester. It is used to prepare polybenzylacrylate using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator.Application In Synthesis of Benzyl acrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of organometallic Ru(II) diamine complexes》 was published in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Kavukcu, Serdar Batikan; Sahin, Onur; Seda Vatansever, Hafize; Kurt, Feyzan Ozdal; Korkmaz, Mehmet; Kendirci, Remziye; Pelit, Levent; Turkmen, Hayati. Safety of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride The article mentions the following:

A series of mono and bimetallic ruthenium(II) arene complexes bearing diamine (Ru1-6) were prepared and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental anal. The crystal structure of the bimetallic complex (Ru5) was determined by X-ray crystallog. Monometallic analogs (Ru1-3) were synthesized to investigate the contributions of ruthenium and the other organic groups (arene, ethylenediamine, butyl) to the activity. The electrochem. behaviors of mono and bimetallic complexes were obtained from the relationship between cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the biol. activities of the compounds The cytotoxic activities of the complexes (Ru1-6) were tested against wide-scale cancer cell lines, namely HeLa, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, LNCaP, Hep-G2, Saos-2, PC-3, and MCF-7, and normal cell lines 3T3-L1 and Vero. Diamine Ru(II) arene complexes have unique biol. characteristics and they are promising models for new anticancer drug development. MTT anal. reveals that each synthesized Ru complex showed cytotoxic activity towards the different cancer cells. In particular, three Ru complexes (Ru3, Ru5 and Ru6) showed less toxic effects on the cancer cells than the others. These novel Ru complexes affected both cancer and normal cell lines. As they had a toxic effect on the cells, the dosage applied should be tested before being used for in vivo applications. Cytotoxicity tests have shown that the bimetallic complex Ru6 was effective on all cancer cells. The effect of bimetallic enhancement on cancer cell lines, the systematic variation of the intermetallic distance and the ligand donor properties of the mono and bimetallic complexes were explored based on the cytotoxic activity. The interaction with FS-DNA and the stability/aquation of the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) were investigated with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The binding modes between the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) and DNA were investigated via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5Safety of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride)

Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.Safety of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jassem, Ahmed M.; Dhumad, Adil M.; Almashal, Faeza A.; Alshawi, Jasim M. published an article in Medicinal Chemistry Research. The title of the article was 《Microwave-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and anti-HIV activities of some drug-like quinolone derivatives》.SDS of cas: 924-99-2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Abstract: In targeted therapy of breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER2 (PDB ID: 3PP0) is being considered as a promising route to design novel anti-breast cancer drugs. In this work, we report two of novel N-substituted pyrrolidine at C-8 position of quinolone derivatives 18 and 19, their synthesis under microwave technique, spectral methods, mol. docking study and anti-HIV activities. Docking study exhibited hydrogen bonding, polar, and Van der Waals interactions with the active site residues of HER2 target. The binding energy and hydrogen bonding interactions show that synthesized compounds are being considered to have a potential activity against breast cancer. In addition, quinolone derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiviral activity against the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. The results showed that quinolone derivatives 18 and 19 possess a potent activity against HIV-1 replication with IC50 values of ≥15.20 and 14.26μM, SI ≤ 6 and >7, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate(cas: 924-99-2SDS of cas: 924-99-2)

Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate(cas: 924-99-2) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.SDS of cas: 924-99-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 1989,Tetrahedron Letters included an article by Culmann, Jean-Christophe; Cherry, Ghassan; Jost, Roland; Sommer, Jean. Synthetic Route of C9H16O2. The article was titled 《Temperature controlled selectivity in methylcyclopentane carbonylation in HF-SbF5》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Protolytic ionization of methylcyclopentane in HF-SbF5, followed by carbonylation at atm. pressure yields either methylcyclopentanecarboxylate I or cyclohexanecarboxylate II depending on the reaction temperature The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate(cas: 6553-72-6Synthetic Route of C9H16O2)

Ethyl 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate(cas: 6553-72-6) is a member of cyclopentanes. Although cyclopentane itself doesn’t have a single highly favoured conformation, a substituent on the cyclopentane ring can upset the balance of strains thereby favouring either the envelope or the half-chair.Synthetic Route of C9H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acidOn November 5, 2021 ,《Substitution Effect on 2-(Oxazolinyl)-phenols and 1,2,5-Chalcogenadiazole-Annulated Derivatives: Emission Color-Tunable, Minimalistic Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-based Luminophores》 appeared in Journal of Organic Chemistry. The author of the article were Goebel, Dominik; Rusch, Pascal; Duvinage, Daniel; Stauch, Tim; Bigall, Nadja-C.; Nachtsheim, Boris J.. The article conveys some information:

Minimalistic 2-(oxazolinyl)-phenols substituted with different electron-donating and -withdrawing groups as well as 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazole-annulated derivatives thereof were synthesized and investigated toward their emission behavior in solution as well as in the solid state. Depending on the nature of the incorporated substituent and its position, emission efficiencies were increased or diminished, resulting in AIE- or ACQ-characteristics. Single crystal anal. revealed J- and H-type packing motifs and a so far undescribed isolation of ESIPT-based fluorophores in the keto form. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0Safety of 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid)

3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0) belongs to esters. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. Safety of 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production》 was written by Yuan, Chuan; Wang, Shuang; Cao, Bin; Hu, Yamin; Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah; Wang, Qian; Qian, Lili; Liu, Lu; Liu, Xinlin; He, Zhixia; Sun, Chaoqun; Feng, Yongqiang; Zhang, Bo. Synthetic Route of C6H10O3 And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) on April 15 ,2019. The article conveys some information:

The present work aimed to explore the optimized conditions of hydrothermal co-liquefaction (co-HTL) of the green seaweed “”Enteromorpha clathrata (EN)”” and the lignocellulosic agricultural waste “”rice husk (RH)””. Sep. hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of EN and RH showed bio-oil yields of 26.0% and 45.6%, resp. However, co-HTL under optimized conditions showed significant increase in the bio-oil yield by 71.7% over that of EN, and insignificant difference with that of RH. Nevertheless, the conversion ratio of co-HTL showed 10.6% significant increase over that of RH. GC-MS results showed that main compounds of EN and RH bio-oil lump into the C15-C20 and C5-C12 regions, mainly representing carbon range of diesel and gasoline, resp. Short-chain (C5-C12) and long-chain (C14-C20) compounds in the bio-oil obtained by co-HTL represented 72% and 28%, resp. In addition, the ratio of aromatic compounds in the bio-oil of RH was reduced by 9.3% as a result of co-HTL. In conclusion, results suggested 50% ethanol as a co-solvent, 300°C and 45 min as optimum conditions for co-HTL of EN:RH (1:1 weight/weight). The present study demonstrated an efficient route for co-HTL of 3rd generation feedstocks with 2nd generation feedstocks which will have a significant impact on large-scale applications. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 3-oxovalerate(cas: 30414-53-0Synthetic Route of C6H10O3)

Methyl 3-oxovalerate(cas: 30414-53-0) belongs to ketone compounds. They are most widely used as solvents, especially in industries manufacturing explosives, lacquers, paints, and textiles. Ketones are also used in tanning, as preservatives, and in hydraulic fluids.Synthetic Route of C6H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Encoding BRAF inhibitor functions in protein degraders》 was written by Miller, Daniel S. J.; Voell, Sabine A.; Sosic, Izidor; Proj, Matic; Rossanese, Olivia W.; Schnakenburg, Gregor; Gutschow, Michael; Collins, Ian; Steinebach, Christian. Quality Control of tert-Butyl carbamateThis research focused onVemurafenib derivative BRAF kinase inhibitor antitumor activity. The article conveys some information:

Various BRAF kinase inhibitors were developed to treat cancers carrying the BRAFV600E mutation. First-generation BRAF inhibitors could lead to paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway, limiting their clin. usefulness. Here, we show the development of two series of BRAFV600E-targeting PROTACs and demonstrate that the exchange of the inhibitor scaffold from vemurafenib to paradox-breaker ligands resulted in BRAFV600E degraders that did not cause paradoxical ERK activation. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5Quality Control of tert-Butyl carbamate)

tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5) belongs to anime. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.Quality Control of tert-Butyl carbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of Methyl SalicylateIn 2020 ,《Ethylene functions as a suppressor of volatile production in rice》 was published in Journal of Experimental Botany. The article was written by Mujiono, Kadis; Tohi, Tilisa; Sobhy, Islam S.; Hojo, Yuko; Ho, Nhan Thanh; Shinya, Tomonori; Galis, Ivan. The article contains the following contents:

We examined the role of ethylene in the production of rice (Oryza sativa) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which act as indirect defense signals against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Rice plants were exposed to exogenous ethylene (1 ppm) after simulated herbivory, which consisted of mech. wounding supplemented with oral secretions (WOS) from the generalist herbivore larva Mythimna loreyi. Ethylene treatment highly suppressed VOCs in WOS-treated rice leaves, which was further corroborated by the reduced transcript levels of major VOC biosynthesis genes in ethylene-treated rice. In contrast, the accumulation of jasmonates (JA), known to control VOCs in higher plants, and transcript levels of primary JA response genes, including OsMYC2, were not largely affected by ethylene application. At the functional level, flooding is known to promote internode elongation in young rice via ethylene signaling. Consistent with the neg. role of ethylene on VOC genes, the accumulation of VOCs in water-submerged rice leaves was suppressed. Furthermore, in mature rice plants, which naturally produce less volatiles, VOCs could be rescued by the application of the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Our data suggest that ethylene acts as an endogenous suppressor of VOCs in rice plants during development and under stress. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Safety of Methyl Salicylate)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Safety of Methyl Salicylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics