Tag: 100-200

《Hyaluronic acid-coated polymeric micelles with hydrogen peroxide scavenging to encapsulate statins for alleviating atherosclerosis》 was written by Mu, Dan; Li, Jianhui; Qi, Yu; Sun, Xuan; Liu, Yihai; Shen, Song; Li, Yuyu; Xu, Biao; Zhang, Bing. COA of Formula: C4H5ClO3 And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A smart drug delivery system that responds to the oxidative microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques was constructed in the present study. Simvastatin (SIM)-loaded biodegradable polymeric micelles were constructed from hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(tyrosine-Et oxalyl) (PEG-Ptyr-EO) for the purpose of simultaneously inhibiting macrophages and decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to treat atherosclerosis. HA coating endows the micelle system the ability of targeting CD44-pos. inflammatory macrophages. Owing to the ROS-responsive nature of PEG-Ptyr-EO, the micelles can not only be degraded by enzymes, but also consumes ROS by itself at the pathol. sites, upon which the accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages is effectively suppressed and oxidative stress is alleviated. Consequently, the cellular uptake experiment demonstrated that SIM-loaded HA-coated micelles can be effectively internalized by LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and showed high cytotoxicity against the cells, but low cytotoxicity against LO2 cells. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, i.v. SIM-loaded HA-coated micelles can effectively reduce plaque content of cholesterol, resulting in remarkable therapeutic effects. In conclusion, the SIM-loaded micelle system provides a promising and innovative option against atherosclerosis. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5COA of Formula: C4H5ClO3)

Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.COA of Formula: C4H5ClO3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Direct C-H Acylation and Carbamoylation of Heterocycles》 were Westwood, Matthew T.; Lamb, Claire J. C.; Sutherland, Daniel R.; Lee, Ai-Lan. And the article was published in Organic Letters in 2019. Reference of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride The author mentioned the following in the article:

Direct C-H acylation and carbamoylation of heterocycles can be readily achieved without requiring any conventional metal, photocatalyst, electrocatalysis, or light activation, thus significantly improving on sustainability, costs, toxicity, waste, and simplicity of the operational procedure. These mild conditions are also suitable for gram-scale reactions and late-stage functionalizations of complex mols., including pharmaceuticals, N,N-ligands, and light-sensitive mols. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5Reference of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride)

Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.Reference of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Polymer Chemistry included an article by Vrijsen, Jeroen H.; Osiro Medeiros, Camila; Gruber, Jonas; Junkers, Tanja. Computed Properties of C10H10O2. The article was titled 《Continuous flow synthesis of core cross-linked star polymers via photo-induced copper mediated polymerization》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A convenient method to synthesize core cross-linked star polymers via a continuous flow photopolymerization process is developed. Photo-induced copper mediated radical polymerization was employed for arm and star syntheses. The arms of the core cross-linked star polymers are composed of poly(Me acrylate) (with a Mn, arm of 2600 or 4700 g mol-1, Darm ≈ 1.12), and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate was used as the core cross-linker. Flow polymerization enables the rapid formation of star polymers (15-20 min, Mw, star flow = 170 400 g mol-1, 33 arms). Furthermore, a reactor cascade was built that combines arm and star syntheses without the isolation of the intermediate product between both reactor stages. In this way, the star polymer is formed (Mw, star = 156 500 g mol-1, 34 arms) in a one-pot fashion, yet under scalable conditions. Surface functionalized star polymers were obtained with similar mol. weights via alc.-functional initiators. Finally, a flow reactor setup is demonstrated that allows direct access to miktoarm star polymers. In there, two different arms are synthesized from photopolymerization in parallel and then simultaneously fed into a third reactor. The resulting miktoarm core cross-linked star polymers are composed of poly(Me acrylate) and poly(benzyl acrylate) arms (Mw, star = 189 300 g mol-1, 33 arms). The reactor cascade enables rapid star polymer formation in a continuous process (within 40 min, when reactor conditions are stable) without intermediate purification, improved illumination and facile upscaling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4Computed Properties of C10H10O2)

Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4) has been used in preparation of high refractive index polyacrylates. Benzyl acrylate is used in the preparation of heptanoic acid benzyl ester. It is used to prepare polybenzylacrylate using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator.Computed Properties of C10H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2015,Yellol, Gorakh S.; Yellol, Jyoti G.; Kenche, Vijaya B.; Liu, Xiang Ming; Barnham, Kevin J.; Donaire, Antonio; Janiak, Christoph; Ruiz, Jose published 《Synthesis of 2-Pyridyl-benzimidazole Iridium(III), Ruthenium(II), and Platinum(II) Complexes. Study of the Activity as Inhibitors of Amyloid-β Aggregation and Neurotoxicity Evaluation》.Inorganic Chemistry published the findings.Recommanded Product: 329-59-9 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The design of small mols. that can target the aggregation of Aβ as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease is an area of study that has attracted a lot of attention recently. The novel ligand Me 1-butyl-2-pyridyl-benzimidazole carboxylate was prepared for the synthesis of a series of new iridium(III), ruthenium(II), and platinum(II) 2-pyridyl-benzimidazole complexes. The crystal structure of the half-sandwich iridium(III) complex was established by X-ray diffraction. An arrangement of two cationic complexes in the unit cell is observed, and it seems to be organized by weak π···π interactions that are taking place between two symmetry-related benzimidazole ring systems. All new compounds inhibited aggregation of Aβ1-42 in vitro as shown by both thioflavin T fluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy. Among them the Ir compound rescued the toxicity of Aβ1-42 in primary cortical neurons effectively. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate(cas: 329-59-9Recommanded Product: 329-59-9)

Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate(cas: 329-59-9) belongs to methyl benzoate. Methyl benzoate reacts at both the ring and the ester, depending on the substrate. Electrophiles attack the ring, illustrated by acid-catalysed nitration with nitric acid to give methyl 3-nitrobenzoate.Recommanded Product: 329-59-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2012,Kotionova, Tatyana; Lee, Christopher; Miedziak, Peter J.; Dummer, Nicholas F.; Willock, David J.; Carley, Albert F.; Morgan, David J.; Knight, David W.; Taylor, Stuart H.; Hutchings, Graham J. published 《Oxidative Esterification of Homologous 1,3-Propanediols》.Catalysis Letters published the findings.Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Abstract: The oxidative esterification of a homologous series of diols (1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol) with methanol has been investigated using titania-supported gold, palladium and gold-palladium catalysts using mol. oxygen. The gold-palladium catalysts showed the highest activity and 1,3-propanediol was the most reactive while the addnl. Me groups decreased the reactivity. However, it is possible to achieve high selectivity to Me 3-hydroxypropionate and 2-methyl-3-hydroxyisobutyrate by mono-oxidations In the experiment, the researchers used Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate)

Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3) belongs to esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sun, Guo-Quan; Zhang, Wei; Liao, Li-Li; Li, Li; Nie, Zi-Hao; Wu, Jin-Gui; Zhang, Zhen; Yu, Da-Gang published their research in Nature Communications on December 31 ,2021. The article was titled 《Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2》.SDS of cas: 1877-71-0 The article contains the following contents:

A general and practical electro-reductive Ni-catalytic system, realizing the electrocatalytic carboxylation of unactivated aryl chlorides and alkyl bromides with CO2 were reported. A variety of unactivated aryl bromides, iodides and sulfonates can also undergo such a reaction smoothly. Notably, realized the catalytic electrochem. carboxylation of aryl (pseudo)halides with CO2 avoiding the use of sacrificial electrodes. Moreover, this sustainable and economic strategy with electron as the clean reductant features mild conditions, inexpensive catalyst, safe and cheap electrodes, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction might proceed via oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni(0) complex, the reduction of aryl-Ni(II) adduct to the Ni(I) species and following carboxylation with CO2.3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0SDS of cas: 1877-71-0) was used in this study.

3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0) belongs to esters. They are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils.SDS of cas: 1877-71-0 They perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ren, Shi-Chao; Yang, Xing; Mondal, Bivas; Mou, Chengli; Tian, Weiyi; Jin, Zhichao; Chi, Yonggui Robin published their research in Nature Communications on December 31 ,2022. The article was titled 《Carbene and photocatalyst-catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles to form ketones》.Name: 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid The article contains the following contents:

The carbene and photocatalyst co-catalyzed radical coupling of acyl electrophile and a radical precursor is emerging as attractive method for ketone synthesis. However, previous reports mainly limited to prefunctionalized radical precursors and two-component coupling. Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene and photocatalyst catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles is disclosed, in which the carboxylic acids are directly used as radical precursors. The acyl imidazoles could also be generated in situ by reaction of a carboxylic acid with CDI thus furnishing a formally decarboxylative coupling of two carboxylic acids. In addition, the reaction is successfully extended to three-component coupling by using alkene as a third coupling partner via a radical relay process. The mild conditions, operational simplicity, and use of carboxylic acids as the reacting partners make our method a powerful strategy for construction of complex ketones from readily available starting materials, and late-stage modification of natural products and medicines. In the experiment, the researchers used 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0Name: 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid)

3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid(cas: 1877-71-0) belongs to esters. They are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. They perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market.Name: 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mitani, Michiharu; Takeuchi, Hiroshi; Koyama, Kikuhiko published their research in Chemistry Letters on December 5 ,1986. The article was titled 《Synthesis of cyclopentane derivatives by electrochemical reduction of 1,5-dibromopentane derivatives》.Related Products of 6553-72-6 The article contains the following contents:

Fourteen BrCH2CHRCH2CHR1CBrR2R3 (e.g., R = R1 = R2 = H, R3 = cyano, CO2Et, COMe; R = allyl, R1 = R2 = H, R3 = cyano, CO2Et) were reduced electrochem. in THF or DMSO to give 49-68% cyclopentane derivativesEthyl 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate(cas: 6553-72-6Related Products of 6553-72-6) was used in this study.

Ethyl 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxylate(cas: 6553-72-6) is a member of cyclopentanes. Although cyclopentane itself doesn’t have a single highly favoured conformation, a substituent on the cyclopentane ring can upset the balance of strains thereby favouring either the envelope or the half-chair.Related Products of 6553-72-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Cogent Chemistry included an article by Al-Taweel, Samir A.; Al-Trawneh, Salah A.; Al-Trawneh, Wal’a M.. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate. The article was titled 《Palladium-catalyzed amination of 2-chlorothienopyridone with primary aromatic amines》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of Et 7-cyclopropyl-2-(arylamino)-3-nitro-4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates I (R1 = H; R2 = H, Me, F etc,) were prepared by coupling of Et 7-cyclopropyl-2-chloro-3-nitro-4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate with primary aromatic amines via palladium-catalyzed amination using palladium acetate Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of cesium fluoride in good yields. 7-Cyclopropyl-2-(phenylamino)-3-nitro-4-oxo-4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid showed weak activity against E.aerogenas and S.aureus bacteria. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate(cas: 924-99-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate)

Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate(cas: 924-99-2) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Tetrahydropyridines’ Stereoselective Formation, How Lockdown Assisted in the Identification of the Features of Its Mechanism》 was published in Molecules in 2022. These research results belong to Vereshchagin, Anatoly N.; Iliyasov, Taigib M.; Karpenko, Kirill A.; Akchurin, Radmir N.; Minyaev, Mikhail E.. COA of Formula: C6H10O3 The article mentions the following:

The multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, cyano-containing C-H acids, esters of 3-oxocarboxylic acid and ammonium acetate led to unexpected results. The boiling of starting materials in methanol for one to two hours resulted in the formation of polysubstituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridines with two or three stereogenic centers. During the 2020 lockdown,key intermediates of the six-step domino reaction was obtained. A number of fast and slow reactions occurred during the prolonged stirring of the reaction mass at rt. Sequence: 1.Knoevenagel condensation; 2.Michael addition; 3.Mannich reaction; 4. cyclization-fast reactions and cyclization of the product polysubstituted 2-hydroxypiperidine-was isolated after 40 min stirring at rt. Further monitoring proved the slow dehydration of 2-hydroxypiperidine to obtain 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine after 7 days. Then, four-month isomerization occurred with 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine formation. All reactions were stereoselective. Key intermediates and products structures were verified by X-ray diffraction anal. Addnl.,conditions for the selective intermediates prepn was specified.Methyl 3-oxovalerate(cas: 30414-53-0COA of Formula: C6H10O3) was used in this study.

Methyl 3-oxovalerate(cas: 30414-53-0) belongs to ketone compounds. Ketone compounds have important physiological properties. They are found in several sugars and in compounds for medicinal use, including natural and synthetic steroid hormones. Molecules of the anti-inflammatory agent cortisone contain three ketone groups.COA of Formula: C6H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics