Tag: 100-200

DBU-assisted cyclorelease elimination: Combinatorial synthesis and 绾?glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione-S-transferase modulatory effect of C-nucleoside analogs was written by Mishra, R. C.;Tewari, Neetu;Arora, Kavita;Ahmad, Rumana;Tripathi, R. P.;Tiwari, V. K.;Walter, R. D.;Srivastava, A. K.. And the article was included in Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening in 2003.Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate This article mentions the following:

A combinatorial library of 60 C- nucleoside analogs was synthesized by sequential coupling of building blocks followed by cyclative cleavage with DBU in an efficient manner. Only DMSO soluble compounds were tested for their modulatory effect against filarial 绾?glutamyl cysteine synthetase (绾?GCase) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Several compounds were found to be weak inhibitors of filarial 绾?GCase, whereas, most of them stimulated filarial GSTs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Efficient Syntheses of Rugulosin Analogues was written by Snider, Barry B.;Gao, Xiaolei. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2005.Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

Oxidation of anthracen-1-ones I (R = OH, R¹ = H; R = R¹ = Me; R = CH₂OAc, R¹ = Me) with Pb(OAc)₄ in AcOH for 20 min at 25鎺矯 and 1 h at 75鎺矯 gave flavoskyrin-type dimers, e.g. II, in 53-86% yield. Heating a solution of the flavoskyrin-type dimers in pyridine under air for 1 h at 75-80鎺矯 and then for 1-2 h at 110鎺矯 afforded rugulosin-type dimers, e.g. III, in 61-88% yield. This two-step sequence provides a practical route to this unusual natural product skeleton. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Acidification of Strawberry Puree Affects Color and Volatile Characteristics during Storage was written by Teribia, Natalia;Buve, Carolien;Bonerz, Daniel;Aschoff, Julian;Hendrickx, Marc E.;Van Loey, Ann M.. And the article was included in ACS Food Science & Technology in 2021.Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

Color degradation of strawberry-based products neg. affects consumer acceptance of these products. To improve the color stability of strawberry puree during storage, an acidification step (pH 1.5 and 2.5) prior to pasteurization was performed and quality changes of strawberry puree during storage (35鎺矯, 40 days) were monitored. Acidification prior to pasteurization resulted in an improved color and anthocyanin stability. However, the volatile fraction of strawberry puree was neg. influenced by acidification of the puree. Low acidic conditions (pH 1.5) resulted in the hydrolysis of esters, oxidation of terpene oxides, and acid-catalyzed reactions of terpene alcs. during storage. The volatile fraction of strawberry puree stored at pH 2.5 and 3.5 (the latter being the original strawberry puree) were more similar. Furthermore, after 4 days of storage, the pH of the acidified purees was brought back to the natural pH of the system (3.5) and subsequently thermally treated and stored. During this second storage, color showed a slightly faster degradation rate in those purees that were previously acidified, whereas anthocyanins exhibited similar trends suggesting that the advantage of acidification to preserve color would be beneficial after thermal processing, but more limited during storage of the regenerated product (second storage). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Formula: C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

GC/MS Composition and Resistance Modulatory Inhibitory Activities of Three Extracts of Lemongrass: Citral Modulates the Activities of Five Antibiotics at Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was written by Kabotso, Daniel E. K.;Neglo, David;Kwashie, Pius;Agbo, Irene A.;Abaye, Daniel A.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2022.Product Details of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

We investigated whether three extractable fractions of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus): aqueous and ethanol extracts and lemongrass essential oil exhibited any antimicrobial resistance modulatory effects if used in combination with selected antibiotics ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, cefloxacin and amoxicillin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA growth inhibition (zones of inhibition) was greatest for the lemongrass oil at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20% (wt/vol). The MIC for lemongrass oil was 0.5 mg/mL, while it was 4 mg/mL for both the aqueous and ethanol extracts Evaluation of extracts for antibacterial resistance modifying activities when used in combination with either of the five antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations, showed that lemongrass oil highly potentiated the activities of three antibiotics; amoxicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. The ethanol extract enhanced the activity of tetracycline and ampicillin, while the aqueous extract only increased the activity of tetracycline against MRSA. The activity of cefloxacin with the extracts was either indifferent. Anal. of the lemongrass oil by GC/MS showed the prominence of three compounds: the two isomers neral and geranial of citral and, the acetate geranyl acetate, which together made up 94% of the composition The compounds were also observed in the ethanol and water extracts but to a lesser extent when analyzed by HPLC-UV (浣?233 nm). Our study confirms the antibacterial properties of the extracts especially, lemongrass oil. It also demonstrates that lemongrass oil potentiates the activities of three antibiotics against the biofilm-forming MRSA. This biocidal, anti-biofilm disruption and antibiotic potentiating abilities are mainly attributable to citral and geranyl acetate, further evidence of lemongrass oil as a very useful source of phytochems., especially citral for the fight against antibiotic resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Product Details of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Product Details of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vivo evaluation of biocompatibility and immune modulation potential of poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone)-gelatin hydrogels enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite in the model of mouse was written by Alipour, Mahdieh;Ashrafihelan, Javad;Salehi, Roya;Aghazadeh, Zahra;Rezabakhsh, Aysa;Hassanzadeh, Armin;Firouzamandi, Masomeh;Heidarzadeh, Morteza;Rahbarghazi, Reza;Aghazadeh, Marziyeh;Saghati, Sepideh. And the article was included in Journal of Biomaterials Applications in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogels are a novel and promising approach for bone regeneration. In this study, poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL), PCL-PEG-PCL-gelatin (Gel), PCL-PEG-PCL-Gel/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) injectable hydrogels were synthesized and evaluated in a mouse model of s.c. transplantation after 14 days. PCL-PEG-PCL-Gel and PCL-PEG-PCL-Gel/nHA hydrogels were fabricated with in situ precipitation method. Structure, intermol. interaction, and the reaction between the PCL-PEG-PCL, Gel, and nHA were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton NMR (H-NMR), and carbon NMR (C-NMR). Fourteen days after s.c. injection, the existence of an immune system reaction was investigated using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Using immunofluorescence imaging, the number of CD68⁺ cells was determined in the periphery of the hydrogel. The CD8/CD4 lymphocyte ratio was also calculated in blood samples. We monitored the expression of CCL-2, BCL-2, IL-10, and CD31 using real-time PCR assay. The chem. evaluation revealed the successful integration of Gel and nHA to the PCL-PEG-PCL backbone. Histol. examination showed the lack of inflammation at the site of injection. No toxicol. effects were determined in hepatic and renal tissues. The addition of nHA to the PCL-PEG-PCL-Gel decreased biodegradation time. None of the hydrogels caused statistically significant differences in the number of CD68 cells (p > 0.05). The CD8/CD4 lymphocyte ratio remained unchanged in all groups (p > 0.05). Compared to the PCL-PEG-PCL group, the addition of nHA and Gel increased the expression of CCL-2, BCL-2, IL-10, and CD31 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current study showed that PCL-PEG-PCL-Gel/nHA hydrogels could be used in in vivo conditions without prominent toxic effects and inflammatory responses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Application In Synthesis of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of gamma-irradiation and extrusion on the physicochemical, thermal and aroma-active compounds of rice flour was written by Ayseli, Mehmet Turan;Coskun, Ismail. And the article was included in Radiation Physics and Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

Food irradiation seems to be an effective and safe method for preventing microbial and insect contamination in cereals. Interestingly, the determination of the aroma-active compounds in irradiated and extruded rice flour does not yet exist. This study aimed to investigate aroma and aroma-active compounds of non-irradiated rice flour (NIRF) and irradiated and processed rice flour (IPRF) by the SPME method combined with GC-MS-O. In the present study, twenty-three aroma-active compounds in the NIRF sample while fifteen in the IPRF sample were identified with 1.6-4.9 odor intensity scores. Hexanal [4.9], nonanal [4.4], heptanal [3.9], decanal [3.3], 3-Octen-2-one [3.1] and were detected as key odorants in all samples. Whereas, 2-penthylfuran [3.8], octanal [3.8], nonanal [4.5], and benzaldehyde [2.1] were clearly higher in the IPRF sample, considering NIRF. The amount of hexanal which can be considered as irradiation odor (IO), has been increased due to the food irradiation process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7SDS of cas: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multiple binding modes of isothiocyanates that inhibit macrophage migration inhibitory factor was written by Spencer, Emma S.;Dale, Edward J.;Gommans, Aimee L.;Rutledge, Malcolm T.;Vo, Christine T.;Nakatani, Yoshio;Gamble, Allan B.;Smith, Robin A. J.;Wilbanks, Sigurd M.;Hampton, Mark B.;Tyndall, Joel D. A.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Formula: C8H6FNS This article mentions the following:

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has roles in the innate immune response, and also contributes to inflammatory disease. While the biol. properties of MIF are closely linked to protein-protein interactions, MIF also has tautomerase activity. Inhibition of this activity interferes with the interaction of MIF with protein partners e.g. the CD74 receptor, and tautomerase inhibitors show promise in disease models including multiple sclerosis and colitis. Isothiocyanates inhibit MIF tautomerase activity via covalent modification of the N-terminal proline. We systematically explored variants of benzyl and phenethyl isothiocyanates, to define determinants of inhibition. In particular, substitution with hydroxyl, chloro, fluoro and trifluoro moieties at the para and meta positions were evaluated. In assays on treated cells and recombinant protein, the IC₅₀ varied from 250 nM to >100 娓璏. X-ray crystal structures of selected complexes revealed that two binding modes are accessed by some compounds, perhaps owing to strain in short linkers between the isothiocyanate and aromatic ring. The variety of binding modes confirms the existence of two subsites for inhibitors and establishes a platform for the development of potent inhibitors of MIF that only need to target one of these subsites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Formula: C8H6FNS).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C8H6FNS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deuterated Clopidogrel Analogues as a New Generation of Antiplatelet Agents was written by Zhu, Yaoqiu;Zhou, Jiang;Jiao, Bo. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2013.Electric Literature of C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

Clopidogrel (CPG) is an antithrombotic prodrug that needs hepatic cytochrome P 450 (CYP) enzymes for its bioactivation. The clin. effects of CPG have been associated with high intersubject variability and a certain level of resistance. Recently, comprehensive biotransformation studies of CPG support that the observed clin. uncertainty stems from the low bioactivation efficiency, which is attributed to extensive attritional metabolism (e.g., hydrolysis of the Me ester functionality and oxidation of the piperidine moiety). With the goal of potentiating the desired thiophene 2-oxidation through minimal structural modification, we have adopted the strategy of targeted metabolism shift and have designed and synthesized deuterated piperidine analogs of CPG. In vitro studies showed that the prodrug activation percentages have been significantly increased for the deuterated analogs as a result of stability enhancement of the piperidine moiety. In a pharmacol. study with a rat model, oral administration of the deuterated analogs also demonstrated higher inhibitory activity than that of CPG against ADP (ADP) induced platelet aggregation. These deuterated analogs represent a new generation of antiplatelet agents with the potential to overcome the major clin. drawbacks of CPG. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Electric Literature of C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Electric Literature of C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-Mediated Oxidative Transformation of N-Allyl Enamine Carboxylates toward Synthesis of Azaheterocycles was written by Toh, Kah Kah;Biswas, Anup;Wang, Yi-Feng;Tan, Yun Yun;Chiba, Shunsuke. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Formula: C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

A method for synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes has been developed by intramol. cyclopropanation of readily available N-allyl enamine carboxylates. Two complementary reaction conditions, CuBr-mediated aerobic and CuBr₂-catalyzed-PhIO₂-mediated systems effectively induced stepwise cyclopropanation via carbocupration of alkenes. Oxidative cyclopropane ring-opening of 5-substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes was also developed for synthesis of highly substituted pyridines. In addition, diastereoselective reduction of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes to 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes was achieved using NaBH₃CN in the presence of acetic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Formula: C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cigar leaf differences from different producing areas based on aroma component analysis was written by Yu, Hang;Liu, Yanting;Shang, Mengqi;Huang, Guangli;Fang, Yi;Lin, Lin;Qu, Yaling;Zuo, Qiaomei. And the article was included in Yancao Keji in 2021.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

In order to investigate the leaf aroma chem. differences for cigar samples from different producing areas, 79 aroma components in 47 cigar samples from different countries were determined In addition, the differences in contents and odor activity values of aroma components among Cuban cigars, foreign non-Cuban cigars and Chinese cigars were compared by significance tests. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 43 aroma components among the cigars from different producing areas, and the differences in the contents of 浼?curcumene and cedrol were the most significant. The contents of degradation products from chlorophyll and cembranoids in Cuban cigars were higher, those of phenylalanines and labdanums in foreign non-Cuban cigars and that of chlorophyll in Chinese cigars were lower. The 79 aroma components had higher odor activity values in fruit and flower flavors. Cuban cigars had higher odor activity values in herbal spices, fruit, flower and other flavors. Foreign non-Cuban cigars had lower odor activity values in plant, fruit, nut, flower and other flavors. The discriminant functions established by taking the contents of aroma components as variables can distinguish the producing areas of com. cigars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120鎺?C閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 and O閳ユ弲閳ユ彊 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics