Tag: 100-200

Microbubble enhanced ozonation process for advanced treatment of wastewater produced in acrylic fiber manufacturing industry was written by Zheng, Tianlong;Wang, Qunhui;Zhang, Tao;Shi, Zhining;Tian, Yanli;Shi, Shanshan;Smale, Nicholas;Wang, Juan. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2015.Reference of 18891-13-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work investigated microbubble-ozonation for the treatment of a refractory wet-spun acrylic fiber wastewater in comparison to macrobubble-ozonation. COD_cr, NH₃-N, and UV₂₅₄ of the wastewater were removed by 42%, 21%, and 42%, resp. in the microbubble-ozonation, being 25%, 9%, and 35% higher than the removal rates achieved by macrobubble-ozonation at the same ozone dose. The microbubbles (with average diameter of 45 μm) had a high concentration of 3.9 × 10⁵ counts/mL at a gas flow rate of 0.5 L/min. The gas holdup, total ozone mass-transfer coefficient, and average ozone utilization efficiency in the microbubble-ozonation were 6.6, 2.2, and 1.5 times higher than those of the macrobubble-ozonation. Greater generation of hydroxyl radicals and a higher zeta potential of the bubbles were also observed in the microbubble ozonation process. The biodegradability of the wastewater was also significantly improved by microbubble-ozonation, which was ascribed to the enhanced degradation of alkanes, aromatic compounds, and the many other bio-refractory organic compounds in the wastewater. Microbubble-ozonation can thus be a more effective treatment process than traditional macrobubble-ozonation for refractory wastewater produced by the acrylic fiber manufacturing industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl methyl adipate (cas: 18891-13-9Reference of 18891-13-9).

Ethyl methyl adipate (cas: 18891-13-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 18891-13-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Constructing simplified microbial consortia to improve the key flavor compounds during strong aroma-type Baijiu fermentation was written by Gao, Jiangjing;Qin, Jiejie;Ye, Fangping;Ding, Feng;Liu, Guoying;Li, Anjun;Ren, Cong;Xu, Yan. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Microbiology in 2022.Reference of 2198-61-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The ester compounds play key roles in maintaining the sensory characteristics of alc. beverages. For strong aroma-type Baijiu fermentation, the volatile acids from pit mud microbes are key precursors for ester synthesis. However, the volatile acids can only be efficiently synthesized by the pit mud microbes in grains which attaches to pit mud. Elevating the ester contents in the upper layer’s fermented grains is vital to improve the quality of raw liquor. In this study, we applied top-down strategy and aim to simplify and obtain pit mud microbial consortia to efficiently produce caproate but not off-flavor compounds The simplified consortia with Caproiciproducens spp. as dominant species can use unsterilized fermentation water as sole substrate for caproate production, and stable caproate production was achieved by inoculating these simplified consortia in scaling-up fermentation The fermented broth was then applied to facilitate the fermentation of upper layer’s grains to prompt ester synthesis. Finally, the contents of variety esters such as Et caproate, Et pentanoate and Et octanoate were markedly increased. Together, this study demonstrates that constructing simplified microbial consortia containing key flavor-producing species is feasible to improve the flavor quality of spontaneously fermented foods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Reference of 2198-61-0).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 2198-61-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of aroma compounds in raw and cooked broccoli was written by Wieczorek, Martyna N.;Majcher, Malgorzata A.;Jelen, Henryk H.. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2021.Related Products of 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Broccoli is characterized by its specific flavor, which is the reason it is not tolerated by some consumers. The role of aroma in flavor is crucial; however, the characteristics of aroma-active components in broccoli are still unclear. Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) with the aid of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fractionation using solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by different chromatog.-mass spectrometry approaches (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, GCxGC-ToFMS) were used to identify the compounds of interest. A total of 33 aroma-active compounds were detected with the use of gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O) in raw, and 9 in cooked broccoli florets; in majority sulfur compounds-thiols, sulfides, and isothiocyanates prevailed. Methanethiol and 1-pentanethiol were the key odorants characterized by the highest FD (1024) in raw broccoli, followed by di-Me sulfide, 2,3-butanedione, di-Me trisulfide, di-Me tetrasulfide, 2-Me methanethiosulfonate, 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate, hexyl isothiocyanate (all with an FD of 256). In cooked broccoli, the number and especially the intensity of detected compounds were much lower. The highest FD values (FD=4) were noted for di-Me trisulfide and 1,4-octadien-3-one. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed identification of odorants in raw and cooked broccoli. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Related Products of 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of aroma compounds in raw and cooked broccoli was written by Wieczorek, Martyna N.;Majcher, Malgorzata A.;Jelen, Henryk H.. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2021.Electric Literature of C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Broccoli is characterized by its specific flavor, which is the reason it is not tolerated by some consumers. The role of aroma in flavor is crucial; however, the characteristics of aroma-active components in broccoli are still unclear. Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) with the aid of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and fractionation using solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by different chromatog.-mass spectrometry approaches (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, GCxGC-ToFMS) were used to identify the compounds of interest. A total of 33 aroma-active compounds were detected with the use of gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O) in raw, and 9 in cooked broccoli florets; in majority sulfur compounds-thiols, sulfides, and isothiocyanates prevailed. Methanethiol and 1-pentanethiol were the key odorants characterized by the highest FD (1024) in raw broccoli, followed by di-Me sulfide, 2,3-butanedione, di-Me trisulfide, di-Me tetrasulfide, 2-Me methanethiosulfonate, 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate, hexyl isothiocyanate (all with an FD of 256). In cooked broccoli, the number and especially the intensity of detected compounds were much lower. The highest FD values (FD=4) were noted for di-Me trisulfide and 1,4-octadien-3-one. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed identification of odorants in raw and cooked broccoli. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Electric Literature of C4H7NS).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C4H7NS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of single amino acid addition on growth kinetics and flavor modulation by Torulaspora delbrueckii in soy (tofu) whey alcoholic beverage fermentation was written by Chua, Jian-Yong;Liu, Shao-Quan. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Related Products of 2198-61-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Soy (tofu) whey is a byproduct commonly disposed of by tofu manufacturers around the world. Due to its nutritious nature, direct disposal of soy whey into the sewage can result in a detrimental impact on the environment in the long-run. In this study, soy whey supplemented with four individual amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine) equivalent to 120 mg N/L was fermented with a yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii Biodiva. The supplementation of an individual amino acid resulted in faster sugar utilization and lower levels of residual sugar than the unsupplemented whey but did not result in a significantly higher amount of ethanol (7-8% volume/volume) at the end of fermentation Isoleucine supplementation resulted in a slightly slower initial yeast growth rate when compared to the control while the other three amino acids had identical yeast growth kinetics to the control. Isoleucine supplementation also resulted in slower sugar utilization during the first four days. Therefore, isoleucine is least preferred by the yeast. The supplementation of amino acids resulted in greater formation of higher alcs. and their corresponding alc.-derived esters. Overall, the supplementation of a single amino acid enhanced sugar utilization and impacted flavor compounds of the resultant soy whey alc. beverage. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Related Products of 2198-61-0).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Related Products of 2198-61-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of solvent composition and degree of reaction on the formation of surface micro-topography in a thermoset siloxane-urethane system was written by Majumdar, Partha;Webster, Dean C.. And the article was included in Polymer in 2006.Related Products of 763-69-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effects of solvent composition and degree of reaction prior to film formation leading to the formation of a biphasic micro-topog. surface in a crosslinked siloxane-urethane coating system were explored. For the solvent composition study, a D-optimal mixture design study was carried out using Me n-amyl ketone (MAK), toluene, Et 3-ethoxy propionate (EEP), Bu acetate (BA) and iso-Pr alc. (IPA) as solvents. The study revealed that the presence of slow evaporating solvents MAK, EEP and the absence of fast evaporating solvent IPA in the solvent composition with a minimal amount of BA favored formation of a structured surface. Control over the domain size could be obtained by varying the MAK:EEP ratio in solvent compositions having a fixed amount of BA. The effect of mixing time on the formation of surface domains was studied. At short mixing times (<2 h) and long mixing times (>7 h), no surface phase separation is observed, while at intermediate times a window’ was found where surface microdomains of similar size are generated. Doubling the level of catalyst halves the mixing time required to generate surfaces with microdomains. SEM studies with energy dispersive x-ray mapping and dynamic mech. anal. (DMA) were done in order to understand the development of the phases in the PDMS-polyurethane system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Related Products of 763-69-9).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Related Products of 763-69-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Production of upgraded biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction using clays as in situ catalysts was written by Ma, Qiulin;Wang, Kui;Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan;Tester, Jefferson W.;Huang, Guangqun;Han, Lujia;Goldfarb, Jillian L.. And the article was included in Energy Conversion and Management in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochem. process that converts biomass into biocrude. HTL suffers from low yields of water-insoluble biocrude with high oxygen contents and low heating values. Inexpensive clay minerals including montmorillonite, dolomite, kaolinite and sand were used to upgrade HTL biocrude as in situ acid-base catalysts. Batch tests were performed using starch with 5 wt% clay minerals at 300°C for 1 h. Bio-oil was fractionated into water-soluble and water-insoluble parts to explore potential catalytic mechanisms by analyzing the fractional distribution, elemental composition and chem. composition Higher carbon recoveries in the bio-oil fraction (approaching 60%) occurred with clay-catalyzed HTL. Energy recovery of both bio-oil fractions increased by approx. 22% for all clays. A base-catalyzed pathway inhibits char formation from catalytic HTL, with dolomite approaching a char yield as low as 3%. Chromatog. anal. of heavy and light oils from both fractions showed that dolomite and montmorillonite play a catalytic effect via base and acid pathways on upgrading biocrude. Clay-catalyzed HTL modified the b.p. distributions by producing more 100-300°C middle temperature distillates. Overall, catalytic HTL with clay minerals enhanced the heating value and energy recovery of bio-oils. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A comparative study of the volatile profile of wine vinegars with protected designation of origin by headspace stir bar sorptive extraction was written by Rios-Reina, Rocio;Segura-Borrego, M. Pilar;Garcia-Gonzalez, Diego L.;Morales, M. Lourdes;Callejon, Raquel M.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 763-69-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The characteristic volatile profile of the Spanish Vinagre de Jerez (VJ), Vinagre de Condado de Huelva (VC) and Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles (VMM) protected designation of origin (PDO) wine vinegars has been studied and compared for the first time by headspace stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HSSE-GC-MS). The possible markers of each category and PDO were assessed. Acetates were the majority group in all vinegars, while ketones, C₁₃-norisoprenoids and volatile phenols showed significant differences between the three PDOs. Anal. of variance (ANOVA), heatmap and partial least squares-discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) were performed. According to these results, 1-heptanol, Me nonanoate, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone, trans-2-decenal, eucalyptol and α-terpineol, were the most significant compounds for differentiating of VC, diacetyl and acetoin, Et 3-ethoxypropanoate, 2- and 3-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol, 1-octen-3-ol, p-Cresol and camphene for VMM; and β-damascenone, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 3-heptanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-yl acetate for VJ. Classification results showed that 100% of PDO samples were correctly classified, reaffirming the utility of the volatile profiles for classifying and authenticating wine vinegar PDOs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9HPLC of Formula: 763-69-9).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 763-69-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Addition of N-H and O-H Bonds of Amines and Alcohols to Electron-Deficient Olefins Catalyzed by Monomeric Copper(I) Systems: Reaction Scope, Mechanistic Details, and Comparison of Catalyst Efficiency was written by Munro-Leighton, Colleen;Delp, Samuel A.;Blue, Elizabeth D.;Gunnoe, T. Brent. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2007.Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Monomeric Cu(I) amido, alkoxide, and aryloxide complexes catalyze the addition of N-H and O-H bonds of amines and alcs., resp., to electron-deficient olefins. The ancillary ligands of the active catalysts include the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands IPr, IMes, and SIPr {IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene; IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene; SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene} as well as the chelating bisphosphine ligand dtbpe {dtbpe = 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane}. For the hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation of olefins, both aromatic and alkyl substituents can be incorporated into the nucleophile, and both primary and secondary amines are reactive. Monosubstituted and disubstituted olefins undergo reaction. For the addition of aniline to acrylonitrile, kinetic studies suggest a pathway that is dependent on the concentration of amine, olefin, and catalyst as well as inversely proportional to the concentration of the product 3-anilinopropionitrile. At low concentrations, the addition of tert-butylisonitrile increases the rate of catalysis. The proposed mechanism involves N-C or O-C bond formation by an intermol. nucleophilic addition of the amido, alkoxide, or aryloxide ligand to free olefin. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Solvent on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of N-Alkyldiamide Organogels was written by Khacef, Leila;Legros, Philippe;Herve, Pascal;Ovarlez, Guillaume;Medina-Gonzalez, Yaocihuatl. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2021.Quality Control of Octyl acetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Here, we study organogels prepared thanks to a new organogelator, the N-oleyldiamide mol., which shows a remarkable propensity to gelify a large scope of solvents, from aprotic to high protic solvents. The solvent plays a key role in the formation and stability of supramol. self-assemblies. However, the understanding and the control of its effects can be complex as many parameters are a priori involved. This study aims to understand the effect of solvent on the structures of organogels and on their final mech. properties. Five solvent classes have been selected ranking from low protic to high protic, according to the Hansen H-bond parameter δh. The solvent proticity appears to be one of the main parameters that affect the organogel internal structure and therefore the final rheol. properties. For a given organogelator fraction, the terminal elastic modulus measured by oscillatory rheol. is observed to increase significantly with the Hansen H-bond solvent parameter δh. Materials of different mech. properties are then shown to display various structures, which are investigated thanks to cryo-SEM. Besides, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) has been used to probe the gelator organization at the mol. scale with regard to the solvent nature, to understand the supramol. self-assembly of this promising mol. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Quality Control of Octyl acetate).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of Octyl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics