Tag: 100-200

Influence of fruit logistics on fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) volatiles assessed by HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis was written by Steingass, Christof B.;Dickreuter, Jennifer;Kuebler, Sabine;Schweiggert, Ralf M.;Carle, Reinhold. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Application of 2198-61-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Green-ripe pineapples are shipped overseas by sea freight, while those picked at full maturity need to be transported by airfreight over the same large distance. In this study, fresh-cut pineapple cubes were assessed two, five, and eight days after processing from green-ripe pineapples after mimicked sea freigh (SF) and fully ripe air-freighted (AF) pineapples. The sea-freighted samples displayed elevated titratable acidity (TA), thus resulting in smaller ratios of total soluble solids and TA compared to the AF pineapples. Differences in the carotenoid levels of the two fresh-cut categories were found to be insignificant. By contrast, hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA) and principal component anal. (PCA) calculated on the basis of the volatiles analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) permitted to distinguish all six individual sample types and to segregate them into two major clusters (SF and AF). The effect of storage on the volatiles was further evaluated by partial least squares (PLS) regression. Substantial chem. markers to differentiate the individual samples and to describe the effect of storage were deduced from the PCA and PLS regression, resp. In general, fresh-cut products obtained from fully ripe AF fruit displayed higher concentrations of volatiles, in particular, increased concentrations of diverse Me esters. With progressing storage duration, the concentrations of ethanol and diverse Et esters increased. Moreover, products from AF pineapples displayed lower microbial counts compared to those from SF fruit. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Application of 2198-61-0).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 2198-61-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of fruit logistics on fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) volatiles assessed by HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis was written by Steingass, Christof B.;Dickreuter, Jennifer;Kuebler, Sabine;Schweiggert, Ralf M.;Carle, Reinhold. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Computed Properties of C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Green-ripe pineapples are shipped overseas by sea freight, while those picked at full maturity need to be transported by airfreight over the same large distance. In this study, fresh-cut pineapple cubes were assessed two, five, and eight days after processing from green-ripe pineapples after mimicked sea freigh (SF) and fully ripe air-freighted (AF) pineapples. The sea-freighted samples displayed elevated titratable acidity (TA), thus resulting in smaller ratios of total soluble solids and TA compared to the AF pineapples. Differences in the carotenoid levels of the two fresh-cut categories were found to be insignificant. By contrast, hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA) and principal component anal. (PCA) calculated on the basis of the volatiles analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) permitted to distinguish all six individual sample types and to segregate them into two major clusters (SF and AF). The effect of storage on the volatiles was further evaluated by partial least squares (PLS) regression. Substantial chem. markers to differentiate the individual samples and to describe the effect of storage were deduced from the PCA and PLS regression, resp. In general, fresh-cut products obtained from fully ripe AF fruit displayed higher concentrations of volatiles, in particular, increased concentrations of diverse Me esters. With progressing storage duration, the concentrations of ethanol and diverse Et esters increased. Moreover, products from AF pineapples displayed lower microbial counts compared to those from SF fruit. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Computed Properties of C8H16O2).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C8H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Non-volatile extractable analysis of prefilled syringes for parenteral administration of drug products was written by Dorival-Garcia, Noemi;Larsson, Iben;Bones, Jonathan. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2017.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The determination of extractable profiles for single-use technologies represents an important aspect of pharmaceutical production to minimize any possible compromise in drug product quality or potential risk to patients by identifying substances that may potentially leach from such devices. An approach for the extractable assessment of prefilled syringes, a promising alternative for parenteral administration of pharmaceutical products, is described herein. Four extraction solvents were selected: a mixture 2-propanol:water (1:1), was intended to represent aggressive conditions to extract a broad spectrum of extractables, including organic additives and substances which are poorly water-soluble Extractions with buffers at three different working pH values spanning a range standardly used in pharmaceutical formulations were also evaluated to identify substances that require specific conditions for their extraction due to their individual chem. properties. Syringes from two different brands were analyzed along with their corresponding plunger stoppers. Syringes were extracted at 40 °C for 4 days, the plunger stoppers were extracted with 2-propanol at 70 °C for 24 h according to ISO 10993-12:2012. Extractables were identified by UHPLC-MS on a quadrupole time of flight instrument using a non-targeted discovery strategy. A total of 25 compounds were identified, mostly polymer additives and their degradation products. The presented methodol. represents a reference point for further studies focused on the characterization of extractables and leachables from prefilled syringes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of aphid-induced semiochemicals from cover plants on Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was written by Zhang, Liu;Qin, Zifang;Zhao, Xinxin;Huang, Xinzheng;Shi, Wangpeng. And the article was included in Pest Management Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of aphids. Plant species and plant health conditions can affect the behavior of H. axyridis. To determine plant effects on this lady beetle, we examined beetle responses to four cover crops: coriander (Coriadrum sativum L., Apiales: Apiaceae), marigold (Tagetes erecta L., Asterales: Asteraceae), sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L., Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Fabales: Fabaceae). Our goal was to better understand this predator’s ovipositional behavior in response to different plants and its olfactory response to the aphid-induced volatiles from these plants. We found that this lady beetle did not have any significant oviposition preference among the four plant species, but H. axyridis preferred to lay eggs on the lower surface of leaves, regardless of the plant species. H. axyridis females had a significant preference for aphid-infested marigolds, but were not attracted by any of the other three cover plants or marigolds without aphid damage. Compared to the uninfested marigold plants, the emission of 12 compounds significantly increased on the aphid-infested marigolds, and two of them were attractive to H. axyridis under suitable concentrations H. axyridis did not show any significant oviposition preference among the four cover crops. Aphid-infested marigolds can attract H. axyridis. Indole and terpinen-4-ol mediated lady beetle attraction. These synomones have potential for manipulating populations of H. axyridis as a component of conservation biol. control. 2022 Society of Chem. Industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Synthetic Route of C10H20O2).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of the Melicoccus bijugatus leaf and fruit extracts and acidic solvents on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan-starch films was written by Juarez-Mendez, M. E.;Lozano-Navarro, J. I.;Velasco-Santos, C.;Perez-Sanchez, J. F.;Zapien-Castillo, S.;Del Angel-Moxica, I. E.;Melo-Banda, J. A.;Tijerina-Ramos, B. I.;Diaz-Zavala, N. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aim : Analyzing the antimicrobial activity-against food-borne micro-organisms-of modified chitosan-starch films using formic and acetic acid as chitosan solvents and Melicoccus bijugatus leaves and fruit extracts Methods and Results : The films’ antimicrobial activity against mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total coliform and fungi were also analyzed, in accordance with the Mexican Official Norms (NOM-092-SSA1-1994, NOM-111-SSA1-1994 and NOM-113-SSA1-1994). The pH values of the films and extracts were measured, and the volatile compounds of the extracts and two films were determined by Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) considering the relationship among the type of compounds, extracts concentration, films’ pH and the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The best results are obtained by films with formic acid and 10% (volume/volume) of leaf and fruit extracts, in comparison with untreated chitosan-starch films. Conclusions : The extracts’ compounds improved the films’ antimicrobial capacity and inhibited the growth of micro-organisms with no previous sterilization required. It is correlated to the pH of the media, the combination of solvent/extract used and its concentration Significance and Impact of the study : This is one of the few researches where the antimicrobial activity of M. bijugatus extracts is studied. It was found that the presence of these extracts is capable of improving the antimicrobial activities of chitosan-starch films. The performance of the modified films suggests their potential application as novel food packaging materials and encourages further research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography applied to the characterization of lemon wax, a waste product from citrus industry was written by Costa, Rosaria;Albergamo, Ambrogina;Arrigo, Sara;Gentile, Fausto;Dugo, Giacomo. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2019.Formula: C10H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A novel application of SPME-GC and UHPLC is presented for the elucidation of an unexplored citrus byproduct, namely lemon wax. In view of the current environmental protection strategies, directed toward reuse and/or recovery of waste products, this study aimed to evaluate a possible utilization of a discarded fraction from citrus fruits processing. Headspace SPME coupled with GC-MS and GC-FID allowed determining a residual amount (162.25 mg kg^-1) of lemon volatiles, by means of accurate calibration of 38 terpenoids through linear regression anal. (R² = 0.99). SPME method development, was supported by statistical anal., consisting of exptl. design and multisample comparison, where parameters such as type of coating, temperature and time of fiber exposure, were manipulated towards optimization. The optimized method was validated, showing limits of quantification (LOQ) and of detection (LOD) in the ranges 0.24 – 2.65 ng g^-1 and 0.11 – 0.87 ng g^-1, resp.; recoveries ranged from 84.9% to 111.5%. After optimization and validation, the UHPLC-PDA method revealed the presence in lemon wax samples of six coumarins, the most abundant being bergamottin (964 mg kg^-1), followed, in decreasing amount, by citropten, 8-geranyloxypsoralen, biacangelicin, oxypeucedanin, 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin; each analyte was calibrated by external standard methodol. Sensitivity (LOD, 31 – 112 ng g^-1; LOQ, 102-370 ng· g^-1), accuracy (recovery, 81-94%), and precision (Retention time RSD, 0.03 – 0.09%; peak area RSD, 1.03-2.92%), were also measured. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Formula: C10H20O2).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile constituents and ellagic acid formation in strawberry fruits of selected cultivars was written by Zhao, Jing;Liu, Junjie;Wang, Fuqiang;Wang, Shuaishuai;Feng, Huan;Xie, Xingbin;Hao, Fuling;Zhang, Linzhong;Fang, Congbing. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) are considered a functional food and pleasing fruit in China, mainly because of their high concentration of ellagic acid (EA) and their aroma. A total of 127 volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Changes in volatile constituents and EA were investigated in 50 strawberry cultivars in the red-ripening stage and in 6 cultivars, including ‘Benihoppe’, ‘Snow White’, ‘Yanli’, ‘Kaorino’, ‘Tokun’, and ‘Xiaobai’, at four developmental stages. The results indicated that the components and amounts of volatile compounds and EA markedly varied among and within cultivars. Through multivariate statistical anal. of the volatile compounds, 50 cultivars were divided into 4 clusters. Aromatic components that affected the cluster formation of cultivars were detected. Volatile compounds varied quant. among the 6 varieties during the developmental stages, and distinct changes were observed in both red-turning fruits and red-ripening fruits compared with white fruits. Except for ‘Xiaobai’, which showed the highest EA content at the red-ripening stage, the other 5 cultivars exhibited the highest EA level at the large green fruit stage. Partial least squares-discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) of the profiles of volatile compounds indicated that large green fruits were characterized by EA and aldehydes; white fruits were characterized by ketones and alkanes; and red-ripening fruits were characterized by esters, acids, furans, and alcs. The results contribute new and important information to breeding programs and the desirable cultivation of strawberry production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Co-expression network analysis uncovers key candidate genes related to the regulation of volatile esters accumulation in Woodland strawberry was written by Li, Zekun;Wang, Zhennan;Wang, Kejing;Liu, Yue;Hong, Yanhong;Chen, Changmei;Guan, Xiayu;Chen, Qingxi. And the article was included in Planta in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Main conclusion: FveERF (FvH4_5g04470.1), FveAP2 (FvH4_1g16370.1) and FveWRKY (FvH4_6g42870.1) might be involved in fruit maturation of strawberry. Overexpression of FveERF could activate the expression of AAT gene and ester accumulation. Volatile esters play an important role in the aroma of strawberry fruits, whose flavor is the result of a complex mixture of various esters. The accumulation of these volatiles is closely tied to changes in metabolism during fruit ripening. Acyltransferase (AAT) is recognized as having a significant effect in ester formation. However, there is little knowledge about the regulation network of AAT. Here, we collected the data of RNA-seq and headspace GC-MS at five time points during fruit maturation of Hawaii4 and Ruegen strawberry varieties. A total of 106 volatile compounds were identified in the fruit of woodland strawberries, including 58 esters, which occupied 41.09% (Hawaii4) or 33.40% (Ruegen) of total volatile concentration Transcriptome anal. revealed eight transcription factors highly associated with AAT genes. Through the changes in esters and the weight co-expression network anal. (WGCNA), a detailed gene network was established. This demonstrated that ERF gene (FvH4_5g04470.1), AP2 gene (FvH4_1g16370.1) and one WRKY gene (FvH4_6g42870.1) might be involved in expression of AAT genes, especially ERF genes. Overexpression of FveERF (FvH4_5g04470.1) does activate expression of AAT genes and ester accumulation in fruits of strawberry. Our findings provide valuable clues to gain better insight into the ester formation process of numerous fruits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and is related to sulfur-containing allelochemicals was written by Gao, Xiaomin;Li, Ke;Ma, Zhiling;Zou, Huafen;Jin, Hui;Wang, Jugang. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2020.Related Products of 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Fusarium wilt is a serious soil-borne disease for cucumber production; however, intercropping with celery and using resistant cultivars could alleviate this problem. The aims of the study were to verify whether cucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and whether celery synthesizes organosulfur allelochems. to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). First, biochem. and transcriptome analyses were performed for the roots of two cucumber cultivars during the response to Foc infection in a monoculture system and cucumber/celery intercropping system, and the results indicated that the Fusarium wilt-resistant cucumber cultivar and cucumber intercropped with celery resulted in different immune responses against Foc inoculation. Then, the possible allelochems. in the fresh root and rhizosphere soil of celery were extracted with acetone, separated and purified by chromatog. four times and cocultured with Foc in vitro. Three organosulfur compounds, namely, thioglycolic acid, propanethiol and iso-Pr isothiocyanate, were identified from the chromatog. fractions, with the highest inhibition on Foc in the fourth chromatog. by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. All these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on Foc, but thioglycolic acid showed stronger inhibition than the other two compounds and completely inhibited the growth of Foc colonies at concentrations of 50-100μmol L-1. The information obtained will permit new management practices that prevent and control cucumber Fusarium wilt. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Related Products of 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and is related to sulfur-containing allelochemicals was written by Gao, Xiaomin;Li, Ke;Ma, Zhiling;Zou, Huafen;Jin, Hui;Wang, Jugang. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2020.Product Details of 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Fusarium wilt is a serious soil-borne disease for cucumber production; however, intercropping with celery and using resistant cultivars could alleviate this problem. The aims of the study were to verify whether cucumber Fusarium wilt resistance induced by intercropping with celery differs from that induced by the cucumber genotype and whether celery synthesizes organosulfur allelochems. to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). First, biochem. and transcriptome analyses were performed for the roots of two cucumber cultivars during the response to Foc infection in a monoculture system and cucumber/celery intercropping system, and the results indicated that the Fusarium wilt-resistant cucumber cultivar and cucumber intercropped with celery resulted in different immune responses against Foc inoculation. Then, the possible allelochems. in the fresh root and rhizosphere soil of celery were extracted with acetone, separated and purified by chromatog. four times and cocultured with Foc in vitro. Three organosulfur compounds, namely, thioglycolic acid, propanethiol and iso-Pr isothiocyanate, were identified from the chromatog. fractions, with the highest inhibition on Foc in the fourth chromatog. by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. All these compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on Foc, but thioglycolic acid showed stronger inhibition than the other two compounds and completely inhibited the growth of Foc colonies at concentrations of 50-100μmol L-1. The information obtained will permit new management practices that prevent and control cucumber Fusarium wilt. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Product Details of 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics