Tag: 100-200

Determination of Key Volatile Compounds Related to Long-Term Fermentation of Soy Sauce was written by Lee, Sang Mi;Kim, Sa-Bin;Kim, Young-Suk. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2019.COA of Formula: C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The changes of volatile compounds in soy sauce during long-term fermentation (12 mo) were investigated using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). A total of 144 and 129 compounds were identified in soy sauce with long-term fermentation by SPME and SBSE, resp. The contents of most compounds, such as acids, aldehydes, benzene and benzene derivatives, esters, lactones, pyrazines, pyrones, and pyrroles, showed a tendency to increase, whereas those of alcs. and ketones decreased according to long-term fermentation The initial fermentation stages were mainly associated with some alcs., ketones, and lactones, whereas the later stages were strongly associated with most esters, some phenols, benzene and benzene derivatives, and pyrroles. Moreover, the key volatile compounds associated with long-term fermentation in soy sauce samples were Et 3-methylbutanoate (Et isovalerate), Et pentanoate (Et valerate), 1-octen-3-yl acetate, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol (methionol), Et benzoate, Et 2-phenylacetate, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone (2-acetylpyrrole), and 5-pentyl-2-oxolanone (γ-nonalactone). Practical Application : This study investigated changes of volatile compounds in soy sauce during long-term fermentation (12 mo) using solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction These results may help to predict th e effective contributors related to long-term fermentation of soy sauce and improve the quality of soy sauce during long-term fermentation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0COA of Formula: C8H16O2).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C8H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of Moringa oleifera biodiesel-diesel-hexanol and biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics was written by Ramalingam, Selvakumar;Mahalakshmi, N. V.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Related Products of 106-73-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the current work, the influences of Moringa oleifera biodiesel-diesel-hexanol and Moringa oleifera biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends on compression ignition engine characteristics were exptl. investigated. Experiments were conducted on a diesel engine at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results revealed that B90-D5-H5 acquired the lowest BSFC and maximum BTE of 0.375 kg kW^-1 h^-1 and 28.8%, resp., and B100 had the highest BSFC of 0.425 kg kW^-1 h^-1. B90-D5-H5 had the highest cylinder peak pressure of 74 bar at 4°CA aTDC. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) and longer ignition delay (ID) period of 44 J per °CA and 14.4°CA, resp., were attained in the B90-D5-H5 blend. At 100% load condition, the lowest amount of carbon monoxide (CO) of 0.32% volume was acquired in the B80-D5-E15 blend. The maximum nitric oxide (NO) emission of 1090 ppm was also acquired in the B80-D5-E15 blend. B100 had the lowest NO of 846 ppm; B80-D5-E15 had the lowest unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC) emission of 34 ppm at 100% load and the lowest smoke opacity of 34%. Biodiesel-diesel-alc. blends improve engine performance and decrease emissions compared to the conventional diesel. The utilization of biodiesel-diesel-alc. blends reduces the consumption of diesel. Hence, ethanol and hexanol are recommended as potential alternative additives in biodiesel-diesel blends to improve engine performance and reduce emissions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Related Products of 106-73-0).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 106-73-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on the mechanism of auto-oxidation of Jatropha biodiesel and the oxidative cleavage of C-C bond was written by Sui, Meng;Chen, Yong;Li, Fashe;Wang, Wenchao;Shen, Jiaxu. And the article was included in Fuel in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Jatropha biodiesel was obtained according to the continuous preparation process which included vapor esterification – transesterification – methanol steam distillation Accelerated oxidation of small Jatropha biodiesel was obtained by the Rancimat method. GC-MS and liquid phase micro-extraction were used to study and analyze the components in the oxidation process of Jatropha curcas biodiesel. The electronic effects of the related reactants and products were calculated by d. functional theory, followed by the deduction of the related chem. reaction paths. Exptl. investigation shows that Me linoleate is the main factor affecting the oxidation stability of the Jatropha biodiesel. The main volatile products at the initial stages of the oxidation of Me linoleate are hexanal, Me octanoate, styrene, and 2-heptenal. The cis/trans-3-octyl-oxiranyl octanoic acid Me ester (18.03% yield) is produced by the reaction of peroxy acid and Me oleate during the oxidation of Me oleate. The hydrogen extraction reaction is difficult to occur, and the oxidation reaction energy barrier is relatively high due to the relatively large bond energy of the C-H bond in the Me stearate mol. In this manuscript, the auto-oxidation mechanism of the biodiesel fatty acid Me esters at the initial stage of oxidation, the path of oxidative cleavage of the C-C bond of Jatropha biodiesel and the formation process of ethylene oxide structure are obtained through DFT calculation and anal. of the oxidation products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0COA of Formula: C8H16O2).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C8H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Purification and properties of an esterase from Bacillus licheniformis and it′s application in synthesis of octyl acetate was written by Bhardwaj, Kamal K.;Dogra, Adarsh;Kapoor, Smita;Mehta, Akshita;Gupta, Reena. And the article was included in Open Microbiology Journal in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: Esterase plays a major role in the degradation of natural materials, industrial pollutants and also provides an immense contribution to the ecofriendly approaches in various industrial applications. Objective: In the present study, extracellular esterase from bacterial isolate Bacillus licheniformis was purified, characterized and used in the synthesis of octyl acetate. Methods: Purification of esterase from Bacillus licheniformis was achieved using Sephadex G-75 column chromatog. Gas chromatog. was used to analyze the octyl acetate synthesis. Results: The enzyme was salted out using ammonium sulfate precipitation and 60-70% saturation gave maximum specific activity of the enzyme during precipitation A purification fold of 6.46 and yield of 9.69% was achieved when esterase from Bacillus licheniformis was purified using Sephadex G-75 column chromatog. This showed that the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and it was a monomer with mol. weight of 42 kDa. Biochem. characterization of the enzyme revealed that it had optimum temperature of 45°C in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer of pH 8.0. On optimizing different parameters, such as molar ratio of reactants, incubation time, temperature, and amount of protein, the % yield of octyl acetate was found to be 77.3%. Conclusion: In this work, simple method was used to purify esterase and the enzyme was further used in producing esters/products of com. value within a reasonably short period of 12 h with a maximum yield of 77.3%. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.HPLC of Formula: 112-14-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microbial community composition and its role in volatile compound formation during the spontaneous fermentation of ice wine made from Vidal grapes was written by Chen, Yu;Zhang, Wang;Yi, He;Wang, Bin;Xiao, Jing;Zhou, Xueyan;Xu, Jiankun;Jiang, Lei;Shi, Xuewei. And the article was included in Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom).Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vidal grape grown in Ili, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, is one of few grapes used to ferment ice wine in China. Microbial community structure and volatile composition during the spontaneous fermentation of ice wine made from Vidal grapes in Ili were investigated using amplicon sequencing technol. and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer technologies. Among bacterial genera, Sphingobium, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas gradually decreased, while Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased during the spontaneous fermentation process. As regards fungi, the relative abundance of Vishniacozymaand Cladosporium reduced, but Hanseniaspora sharply raised. Addnl., correlations between microbes and volatile compounds were constructed based on multivariate data anal. The results revealed that the functional core microbiota (mainly composed of eight bacterial genera and nine fungal genera) during ice wine fermentation showed considerable correlations with the formation of twenty-four volatile compounds in ice wine made from Vidal grapes. For example, Saccharomyces was pos. correlated with ethanol, Et acetate and isoamylol; Hanseniaspora and Candida were neg. correlated with hexanol; and Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were pos. correlated with 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, Et acetate, isoamylol and isoamyl acetate. This studyprovides a reference for understanding the process of ice wine fermentation and improving the quality of ice wine made from Vidal grapes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Isopentyl hexanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Practical Considerations on the Use of Predictive Models for Regulatory Purposes was written by Tunkel, Jay;Mayo, Kelly;Austin, Carlye;Hickerson, Amy;Howard, Philip. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Technology in 2005.Recommanded Product: 763-69-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Interest in the use of quant. structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for regulatory purposes has grown steadily over the years; many models have been evaluated under guidance and acceptability criteria defined at the Mar. 2002 Setubal Workshop (Portugal). This work explored practical issues related to using QSAR for regulatory purposes with results obtained from rat oral lethality and fish acute toxicity estimates generated from computational models (TOPKAT, MCASE, OASIS, ECOSAR). Using data submitted under the USEPA High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, results on the quality of estimations were compared using a standard statistical review and an addnl. classification approach in which hazard predictions were grouped using well-defined regulatory criteria (USEPA New Chem. Program). Results indicated an evaluation of the regulatory applicability and predictive power of a model ultimately depends on the specific criteria used in the assessment process. This work also discusses practical difficulties associated with defining the domain of a predictive model using estimates of 4 ready biodegradation models and exptl. data submitted under the EPA New Chem. program. Results suggested the method a model uses for its predictions is as important as the training set in determining its domain of applicability. Together, these results highlighted challenges associated with developing reliable, easily applied acceptability criteria for the regulatory use of QSAR models. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Recommanded Product: 763-69-9).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 763-69-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Workflow to Investigate Subtle Differences in Wine Volatile Metabolome Induced by Different Root Systems and Irrigation Regimes was written by Awale, Mani;Liu, Connie;Kwasniewski, Misha T.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To allow for a broad survey of subtle metabolic shifts in wine caused by rootstock and irrigation, an integrated metabolomics-based workflow followed by quantitation was developed. This workflow was particularly useful when applied to a poorly studied red grape variety cv.Chambourcin. Allowing volatile metabolites that otherwise may have been missed with a targeted anal. to be included, this approach allowed deeper modeling of treatment differences which then could be used to identify important compounds Wines produced on a per vine basis, over two years, were analyzed using SPME-GC-MS/MS. From the 382 and 221 features that differed significantly among rootstocks in 2017 and 2018, resp., we tentatively identified 94 compounds by library search and retention index, with 22 confirmed and quantified using authentic standards Own-rooted Chambourcin differed from other root systems for multiple volatile compounds with fewer differences among grafted vines. For example, the average concentration of β-Damascenone present in own-rooted vines (9.49μg/L) was significantly lower in other rootstocks (8.59μg/L), whereas mean Linalool was significantly higher in 1103P rootstock compared to own-rooted. β-Damascenone was higher in regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) than other treatments. The approach outlined not only was shown to be useful for scientific investigation, but also in creating a protocol for anal. that would ensure differences of interest to the industry are not missed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of leaf removal on grape, wine and aroma compounds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot under Mediterranean climate was written by Cincotta, Fabrizio;Verzera, Antonella;Prestia, Ottavia;Tripodi, Gianluca;Lechhab, Wafae;Sparacio, Antonio;Condurso, Concetta. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C11H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Merlot is one of the most cultivated cultivars in the world since it easily adapts to different climatic conditions. Leaf removal (LR) is commonly used for red berry varieties but in cold wine-growing areas and nothing has been reported on the effects of LR on Merlot cultivated under Mediterranean climate. The aim of the research is to evaluate the influence of this technique on grape and wine quality as well as wine aroma potential of Merlot cultivated in Sicily. Vines were subjected to LR for two consecutive years, and productivity and chem. parameters were monitored in grapes, whereas chem. composition and volatile aroma compounds, analyzed by gas chromatog. mass spectrometry, were monitored in wines. LR pos. influenced the plant yield, increased the sugar content and decreased the acidity in grapes at harvest. The wines of the defoliated treatment showed a higher content of total polyphenols and anthocyanins, higher color intensity, and lower color hue. Merlot wines obtained under Mediterranean climate were characterized by a high amount of esters and varietal aromas and the content of most of volatiles were even increased by the LR with pos. effects on the aroma potential of Merlot wines. The vintage affected almost all the studied parameters with the warmer and dryer vintage enhancing the LR effects on grapes and wines. This is of great interest in the light of the climate changes towards the global warming and the increasing aridity of the Mediterranean area. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Synthetic Route of C11H22O2).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C11H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of important sulfur and nitrogen compounds in Lang baijiu by application of gas chromatography-olfactometry, flame photometric detection, nitrogen phosphorus detector and odor activity value was written by Zhu, Jian Cai;Niu, Yun Wei;Xiao, Zuo Bing. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Isopentyl hexanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The volatile compounds in three Lang baijiu (“Honghualangshi, Y1”, “Langjiulangge, Y2”, and “Laolangjiu, Y3”) were identified by GC-O, GC-MS, flame photometric detection (FPD), and nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) with the aid of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The results showed that a total of 60, 62, and 61 compounds with aroma contribution were present in samples Y1, Y2, and Y3, resp. The results indicated that 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (OAV: 20-30), 3-mercaporhexyl acetate (OAV: 13-20), β-damascenone (OAV: 30-57), (E)-2-nonenal (OAV: 9-22), heptanal (OAV: 4-13), hexanal (OAV: 9-12) and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (OAV: 4-14) contributed to the aroma of Lang baijiu. Finally, six compounds (Et hexanoate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, (E)-2-decenal, guaiacol, 3-mercaporhexyl acetate, and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine) with different OAVs were used to determine the effect on the threshold of aromatic reconstitution (AR). It can be seen that Et hexanoate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 3-mercaporhexyl acetate, and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine could significantly decrease the threshold of AR. The possible reason was that these four compounds had synergistic effects with the aroma compounds in AR. Compared to Et hexanoate and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, the threshold of AR had a slight difference in the presence of (E)-2-decenal in AR. After the addition of guaiacol, the threshold value of AR was significantly increased, indicating a masking effect between guaiacol and the original aroma compounds in AR. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Application In Synthesis of Isopentyl hexanoate).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Isopentyl hexanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf on electrophile-responsive element (EpRE)-mediated gene expression in vitro was written by Gebrelibanos Hiben, Mebrahtom;de Haan, Laura;Spenkelink, Bert;Wesseling, Sebas;Louisse, Jochem;Vervoort, Jacques;Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M.. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2019.Application of 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study tested the EpRE induction ability of Maerua subcordata (fruit, leaf, root, seed) methanol extracts and selected candidate constituents thereof, identified by liquid chromatog. coupled with multistage mass spectroscopy, employing an EpRE luciferase reporter gene assay using hepa-1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells. A parallel Cytotox CALUX assay using human osteosarcoma U2OS cells was used to monitor any non-specific changes in luciferase activity or cytotoxicity. Results showed that fruit, root, and seed extracts were non-cytotoxic but leaf exhibited some cytotoxicity and that the leaf, fruit, and seed extracts showed strong induction of EpRE mediated gene expression. Selected candidates included glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and some biogenic amines. Subsequent studies showed that methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, isobutyl- isothiocyanates, and sec-Bu thiocyanate as well as glucobrassicin induced concn dependent EpRE-mediated gene expression while the biogenic amines stachydrine and trigonelline acted as inhibitors of EpRE-mediated gene expression at 100μM. The identification of glucolepidiin, glucobrassicin, glucocapparin, stachydrine, and trigonelline in all extracts was confirmed using standards and based on multiple reaction monitoring. In conclusion, this study provided a first report on EpRE mediated gene expression effects of M. subcordata; and despite detection of different glucosinolates in all extracts, those containing glucobrassicin particularly displayed high EpRE induction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Application of 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics