Tag: 100-200

Synthesis of acrylic monomers based on renewable raw materials. Part II. Synthesis of acrylic esters was written by Komon, Tomasz;Jamroz, Malgorzata E.;Niewiadomski, Piotr;Malanowski, Michal;Kijenski, Jacek. And the article was included in Polimery (Warsaw, Poland) in 2012.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The esterification reaction of acrylic acid with ethanol and l-butanol in the presence of heterogeneous solid catalysts such as: sulfonated ion-exchange resins based on styrene-divinylbenzene (Amberlyst) or perfluoroethylene (Nafion) matrix, silicotungstic acid supported on silica, tungstic oxide or zirconium sulfate supported on zirconium oxide and mesoporous cellular foam with arylsulfonic groups, was investigated. The reactions were carried out in a solvent. The highest catalytic activities per unit weight of catalyst were observed for Amberlyst, Nafion NR50 and silicotungstic acid supported on silica, while the lowest activities were seen for Nafion SAC-13 and zirconium catalysts. The activity values (per proton) of solid acids were significantly different from those calculated by weight of catalyst and reached the highest value for Nafion SAC-13 composite. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of processes involving low-temperature and low-oxygen concentrations on the quality and aroma of apple juice was written by Lu, Yao;Zhang, Kai-jie;Li, Gen;Zhao, Yan;Ding, Chen;Ma, Yin-fei;He, Fa-tao;Zhu, Feng-tao;Chu, Le. And the article was included in Shipin Yanjiu Yu Kaifa in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Apple juice was prepared from Fuji apples using three different processes. The basic index, antioxidant activity, and aroma characteristics of the three juices were analyzed. Results revealed that the NFC juice contained more active ingredients and exhibited better aroma characteristics than the FC juice. Because of the requirement of low temperature and shorter processing time, the low-temperature-hypoxia NFC juice contained more active ingredients than the traditional NFC juice. The total phenol content of low-temperature-hypoxia NFC juice was 626.74 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of the traditional NFC juice (P<0.05). The aroma of fresh apples was maintained by the low-temperature-hypoxia NFC juice (total content volatile component, 133.02 mg/L). This juice also exhibited less bad flavor than juices prepared using the other two processes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 2198-61-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on the Catalytic Behavior of Bifunctional Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysts Guided by Free Energy Relationship Analysis of Steric Parameters was written by Yang, Chen;Wang, Jie;Liu, Yang;Ni, Xiang;Li, Xin;Cheng, Jin-Pei. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.SDS of cas: 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Free energy relationship (FER) studies to correlate steric parameters with the enantiocatalytic performance of bifunctional tertiary-amine hydrogen-bonding catalysts, including (S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-derived thioureas, Cinchona alkaloid derived thioureas, and (S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-derived squaramides, in Michael reactions revealed that the reactions are much favored by catalysts with less bulky N-substituents. The observed FERs are independent of the chiral scaffold and hydrogen-bond donor, and deepen the understanding of current bifunctional hydrogen-bonding catalysts. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed to interpret the observed high reactivities of thioureas with less bulky substituents. In particular, the computations demonstrated the advantage of a benzyl thiourea catalyst, in which an extra CH···π interaction between catalyst and substrate is the key factor. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8SDS of cas: 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.SDS of cas: 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of odor-active volatile compounds of jambolan [Syzgium cumini (L.) Skeels] wine was written by Pino, Jorge A.;Espinosa, Sixsy;Duarte, Cira. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Electric Literature of C11H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Volatile constituents in jambolan [Syzgium cumini (L.) Skeels] wine were isolated by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatog.-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O). The composition of the jambolan wine included 52 esters, 20 terpenes, 13 alcs., 12 acids, 11 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 4 oxides, and 5 miscellaneous compounds Aroma extract dilution anal. and odor activity units were used for the determination of odor-active compounds A total of 19 odor-active compounds were found as odor-active volatiles, from which (E)-β-ionone, phenylacetaldehyde, Et acetate, Et hexanoate, and Et benzoate were the most important. The similar results of the GC-O and OAV approaches suggests that HS-SPME-GC-O could be used as a fast and simple tool to quality control of the jambolan wine aroma. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Electric Literature of C11H22O2).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C11H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes promoted by H₂O free of auxiliary acid additive was written by Liang, Wen-Yu;Liu, Lei;Zhou, Qing;Yang, Da;Lu, Yong;Liu, Ye. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2020.Formula: C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Pd-catalyzed and water promoted alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes using alcs. and carbon monoxide to afford esters RCHR¹C(O)OR² [R = n-Bu, cyclohexyl, Ph, etc.; R¹ = H, Me; R² = Me, Et, iPr] was reported. Water instead of Bronsted/Lewis acid was found to effectively improve the catalytic performance of Pd(MeCN)₂Cl₂-Xantphos system for alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes. Under the optimal conditions, the best yield of 97% was obtained for the target products Me 3-phenylpropanoate and Me 2-phenylpropanoate with L/B of 4.3 and TON of 192. The in situ high pressure FT-IR anal. verified that water played an important role in promoting formation and stability of Pd-H active species which was responsible for the efficient alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes. In addition, the ligand effect of Xantphos on this reaction was discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Formula: C8H16O2).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C8H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of β-Carboline Analogues Containing Hydantoin, Thiohydantoin, and Urea Moieties was written by Huang, Yuanqiong;Guo, Zhonglin;Song, Hongjian;Liu, Yuxiu;Wang, Lizhong;Wang, Qingmin. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of novel β-carboline derivatives was designed by combining the anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) lead compound tetrahydro-β-carboline ester with the hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and urea motifs. These derivatives were synthesized from tetrahydro-β-carboline ester via a structural diversity-oriented synthesis in one step, and their biol. activities were evaluated. Most of the derivatives exhibited anti-TMV activity higher than that of com. plant virucide ribavirin. Compared with the lead compounds, some of these derivatives showed good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and Culex pipiens pallens. At the same time, these derivatives also showed broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. The systematic study provides strong evidence that the hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and urea motifs of these mols. can improve and modulate the activities of the analogs of natural products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Electric Literature of C4H7NS).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C4H7NS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of Mono- and Diisocyanates in Flow from Renewable Carboxylic Acids was written by Phung Hai, Thien An;De Backer, Laurent J. S.;Cosford, Nicholas D. P.;Burkart, Michael D.. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2020.Reference of 106-73-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diisocyanates used in polyurethanes are commonly prepared by phosgenation of petroleum-sourced diamines. This involves highly toxic phosgene and produces corrosive HCl, limiting synthetic applications. In our search for a renewable source for diisocyanates, we have developed a practical methodol. for the production of isocyanates from algae-biomass-derived fatty acids or other renewable sources. This technique utilizes flow chem. to prepare and convert high-energy intermediates, thus mitigating safety concerns. By the use of continuous flow, acyl azides are prepared from hydrazides and subsequently heated to undergo Curtius rearrangement, affording isocyanates in one scalable process. The method is efficient, safe, and sustainable, offers an opportunity to prepare isocyanates and diisocyanates from renewable feedstocks, and is amenable to distributed manufacturing processes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Reference of 106-73-0).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 106-73-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Predicting Flash Points of Pure Compounds and Mixtures with COSMO-RS was written by Reinisch, Jens;Klamt, Andreas. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2015.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Flash point (FP) is an important parameter to assess chem. compound safety. Many empirical approaches have been developed to predict FP based on mol. structure, sometimes involving a large number of descriptors and resulting in class-specific equations. This work demonstrated that a satisfying, rather general prediction of saturation pressure at the FP can be achieved using only mol. surface area. This relation in conjunction with any exptl. or computational method to calculate temperature-dependent vapor pressures allows for the FP predictions. In a second step, chem. mixture FP were calculated using COSMO-RS activity coefficients Using the proposed method, FP were calculated without needing data typically generated in experiments (normal b.p., combustion enthalpy), although exptl. pure-compound FP and vapor pressure data can still be used to increase prediction quality. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate).

Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate (cas: 763-69-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-ethoxypropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of key aroma-active compounds in Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum by GC-O-MS and switchable GC x GC-O-MS was written by Zhao, Mu;Li, Ting;Yang, Fan;Cui, Xinyue;Zou, Tingting;Song, Huanlu;Liu, Ye. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study sought to characterize the composition of volatile aroma compounds and key aroma-active compounds of dried Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC x GC-O-MS). The key aroma-active compounds were analyzed by the aroma extract dilution anal. and odor activity value. A total of 72 volatile compounds were identified by GC-O-MS, of which 28 were aroma-active. Meanwhile, 116 volatile compounds were identified by GC x GC-O-MS, of which 43 were aroma-active. These results revealed that myrcene, (+)-limonene, (E)-β-ocimene, β-cubebene, Germacrene D, cineole, linalool, and linalyl acetate were the key aroma-active compounds of dried Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Octyl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life and physico-chemical quality of ready-to-cook (RTC) drumstick (Moringa oleifera) pods was written by Tripathi, J.;Variyar, P. S.. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2018.Computed Properties of C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Effect of radiation treatment (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kGy) and storage (10 °C; 15 d) on the quality of RTC drumstick was investigated using full factorial exptl. design. The data obtained for total plate count, yeast & mold count, texture, color & sensory quality were fitted into cubic polynomial equations and radiation dose required for maximum storage duration with acceptable microbial load (<10⁵ CFUg^-1) and sensory quality (overall acceptability > 5) was determined An improved shelf-life of the product (12 d) with desired sensory and microbial quality was obtained at a dose of 1 kGy. Better retention of phenolics and isothiocyanates in the irradiated product compared to control (non-irradiated) during entire storage duration (12 d) was demonstrated. Presence of iso-Pr, 2-Bu and iso-Bu isothiocyanate in drumstick pods is demonstrated here for the first time. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Computed Properties of C4H7NS).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C4H7NS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics