Tag: 100-200

Metagenomics reveals flavour metabolic network of cereal vinegar microbiota was written by Wu, Lin-Huan;Lu, Zhen-Ming;Zhang, Xiao-Juan;Wang, Zong-Min;Yu, Yong-Jian;Shi, Jin-Song;Xu, Zheng-Hong. And the article was included in Food Microbiology in 2017.Formula: C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

Multispecies microbial community formed through centuries of repeated batch acetic acid fermentation (AAF) is crucial for the flavor quality of traditional vinegar produced from cereals. However, the metabolism to generate and/or formulate the essential flavours by the multispecies microbial community is hardly understood. Here we used metagenomic approach to clarify in situ metabolic network of key microbes responsible for flavor synthesis of a typical cereal vinegar, Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar, produced by solid-state fermentation First, we identified 3 organic acids, 7 amino acids, and 20 volatiles as dominant vinegar metabolites. Second, we revealed taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiota by metagenomic shotgun sequencing. A total of 86 201 predicted protein-coding genes from 35 phyla (951 genera) were involved in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of Metabolism (42.3%), Genetic Information Processing (28.3%), and Environmental Information Processing (10.1%). Furthermore, a metabolic network for substrate breakdown and dominant flavor formation in vinegar microbiota was constructed, and microbial distribution discrepancy in different metabolic pathways was charted. This study helps elucidating different metabolic roles of microbes during flavor formation in vinegar microbiota. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Formula: C11H14O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of anti-rheumatic activity of Piper betle L. (Betelvine) extract using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches was written by Murugesan, Selvakumar;Ravichandran, Devibala;Lakshmanan, Dinesh Kumar;Ravichandran, Guna;Arumugam, Velusamy;Raju, Karthik;Geetha, Karuppasamy;Thilagar, Sivasudha. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, and systemic autoimmune disease, it affects elders worldwide. Herbal medicines have been used for the treatment of various ailments from ancient times. Betelvine (Piper betle L.) leaves have long been used in Asian countries as a medicine to relieve pain and some metabolic diseases. The present study of methanolic extract of phytochem. anal. confirms the presence of alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, total flavonoids and total phenols. GC-MS anal. of MeOH extract of Piper betle (PBME) revealed the presence of 40 bioactive compounds In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays showed greater inhibitory effect. The anti-arthritic effects of PBME at 250 and 500 mg/kg concentration showed recovery from joint damage in in vivo rat model. Among the 40 GC-MS derived bioactives, 4-Allyl-1,2-Diacetoxybenzene exhibited the higher interactions with minimized binding energy to the RA targets of MMP 1 (-6.4 kcal/mol), TGF-β (-6.9 kcal/mol), IL-1β (-5.9 kcal/mol). Further, the effect of PBME extract against RA mol. disease targets (IL-1β, MMP1 and TGF- β) were studied using Real-time PCR. These results substantiate that P. betle leaves could be a source of therapeutics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An approach to pseudomonic acids from acetylenic precursors: synthesis of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-butyn-1-ol was written by Bates, Hans Aaron;Farina, James;Tong, Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1986.Computed Properties of C9H16O4 This article mentions the following:

The acetonide of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-butyn-1-ol (I) was prepared from (HOCH₂)₂C(CO₂Et)₂ or from (HOCH₂)₂CO. Alternative routes to I involving the highly unstable HOCH₂C(CHO)CCH or its acetate were unsuccessful. Condensation of the anion of I with 3-oxobutanal ethylene acetal followed by semihydrogenation and deprotection afforded MeCOCH₂CH(OH)CH:CHCH(CH₂OH)₂, which cyclized stereoselectivity to the dihydropyran II. Osmylation of II and functional group manipulation afforded the diol III, a precursor to pseudomonic acid C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (cas: 82962-54-7Computed Properties of C9H16O4).

Ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (cas: 82962-54-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Computed Properties of C9H16O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Domino [4 + 2] Annulation/Aza-Michael Addition of N-(Pivaloyloxy)benzamides with 1,5-Enynes via C-H Activation: Synthesis of Functionalized Aromathecins was written by Raji Reddy, Chada;Mallesh, Kathe;Bodasu, Srinivas;Donthiri, Ramachandra Reddy. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Reported herein is the Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade annulation reaction of N-(pivaloyloxy)benzamides with 1,5-enynes to access diversely substituted aromathecin derivatives, e.g., I (R = H, Br, Cl, NO₂, Me, OMe), involving C-H activation. The developed procedure offers an efficient synthetic tool for the reaction of a wide range of N-(pivaloyloxy)benzamides and 1,5-enynes with good atom-economy and functional group tolerance. The key reactions involved in this annulation are alkyne insertion and aza-Michael addition under oxidant-free mild reaction conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Modified clerodanes from the essential oil of Dodonea viscosa leaves was written by Anonymous. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Recommanded Product: 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq from Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) was investigated for its leaf essential oil composition The plant was extracted by hydrodistillation and its essential oil analyzed by gas chromatog. coupled to mass spectrometry. This study revealed that oxygenated norditerpenes and diterpenes were one of the major chem. classes (> 50%) mainly consisting of three modified cyclopropylclerodanes containing a bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane ring system: one new furanoid norditerpene, dodovisate C, and two furanoid diterpenes, the known Me dodovisate A and the new Me iso-dodovisate A. These three compounds were isolated by liquid chromatog. and their structures established on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The absolute configuration of dodovisate C was elucidated through a joint exptl. and theor. (B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) electronic CD study. The relative configurations of Me dodovisate A and Me iso-dodovisate A were determined using linear regressions of theor. chem. shifts vs. exptl. values with the (B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)) method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Recommanded Product: 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Divergent Synthesis of Molecular Winch Prototypes was written by Gisbert, Yohan;Abid, Seifallah;Kammerer, Claire;Rapenne, Gwenael. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2021.Related Products of 41191-92-8 This article mentions the following:

We report the synthesis of conceptually new prototypes of mol. winches [(η⁵-R₄C₅-bp-XTrzR¹)(Ind₃BH)Ru] [R = 4-FcC₆H₄; bp = 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diyl; X = CH₂NHCOCH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)₈; Trz = 1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diyl; R¹ = 9-triptycenyl (tpc), CH₂CH₂OCOC(C₆₀)CO₂Et, 3,5-C₆H₃(CC-9-tpc)₂, 10,20-(CCtpc)₂Por-Zn] with the ultimate aim to investigate the work performed by a single ruthenium-based mol. motor anchored on a surface by probing its ability to pull a load upon elec.-driven directional rotation. According to a technomimetic design, the motor was embedded in a winch structure, with a long flexible polyethylene glycol chain terminated by an azide hook to connect a variety of mol. loads. The structure of the motor was first derivatized by means of two sequential cross-coupling reactions involving a penta(4-halogenophenyl)cyclopentadienyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) precursor and the resulting benzylamine derivative was next exploited as key intermediate in the divergent synthesis of a family of nanowinch prototypes. A one-pot method involving sequential peptide coupling and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was developed to yield four loaded nanowinches, with load fragments encompassing triptycene, fullerene and porphyrin moieties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8Related Products of 41191-92-8).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 41191-92-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Immunomodulatory Constituents of Conocephalum conicum (Snake Liverwort) and the Relationship of Isolepidozenes to Germacranes and Humulanes was written by Radulovic, Niko S.;Filipovic, Sonja I.;Nesic, Milan S.;Stojanovic, Nikola M.;Mitic, Katarina V.;Mladenovic, Marko Z.;Randjelovic, Vladimir N.. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2020.Computed Properties of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Structural elucidation of three new sesquiterpenoids, namely, (1Z,4E)-lepidoza-1(10),4-dien-14-ol (I), rel-(1(10)Z,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),6 diene-11,14-diol (2), and rel-(1(10)Z,4S,5E,7R)-humula-1(10),5-diene-7,14-diol (3), isolated from the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, was accomplished by a combination of extensive NMR experiments, ¹H NMR simulation, and other means. Addnl., the change of the identity of bicyclogermacren-14-al, previously reported as a C. conicum constituent, to isolepidozen-14-al is proposed. Compounds 2 and 3 appear to be related to I via hydration involving a shared intermediate, a substituted cyclopropylmethyl cation, formed by a highly regio- and stereoselective protonation of I, followed by a stereospecific fission of the three-membered ring. In other words, an isolepidozene derivative might be a branchpoint to humulanes and germacranes; this transformation could be of, up to now, unknown, biosynthetic and/or synthetic relevance. Multivariate statistical anal. of the compositional data of C. conicum extract constituents was used to probe the hypothesized biochem. relations. The immunomodulatory effect of I-3 and conocephalenol (4) was evaluated in an in vitro model on both nonstimulated and mitogen-stimulated rat splenocytes. The compounds displayed varying degrees of cytotoxicity to nonstimulated splenocytes, whereas 2 and 3 were found to exert immunosuppressive effects on Con A-stimulated splenocytes while not being cytotoxic at the same concentrations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Computed Properties of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Flavor characterization of native Peruvian chili peppers through integrated aroma fingerprinting and pungency profiling was written by Morales-Soriano, Eduardo;Kebede, Biniam;Ugas, Roberto;Grauwet, Tara;Van Loey, Ann;Hendrickx, Marc. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2018.Product Details of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

A broad range of Peruvian chili peppers are available but not properly characterized. To increase the insight into their flavor compounds, a head space GC-MS fingerprinting (volatiles) and an HPLC-based profiling approach (pungency) was implemented to characterize twenty landraces (Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum and C. chinense). The data obtained was analyzed with powerful chemometric approaches to identify unique flavor compounds for each of the species and for each of the landraces within a specific species. The pungency profile and volatiles such as esters, terpenes and norcarotenoids distinguish Cerezo triangular (4) (C. annuum). Mainly esters provoked the separation between Chico (42), Cacho de cabra rojo (323), Amarillo de Chachapoyas (318) (C. baccatum), Arnaucho (60) and Miscucho amarillo (69) (C. chinense). This study demonstrates the potential of the integrated fingerprinting, profiling and a chemometric approach to extensively understand the unique flavor compounds in Peruvian chili peppers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Product Details of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Product Details of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparative metabolome classification of desert truffles Terfezia claveryi and Terfezia boudieri via its aroma and nutrients profile was written by Farag, Mohamed A.;Fathi, Doaa;Shamma, Samir;Shawkat, Mohamed Sherif A.;Shalabi, Sohir M.;El Seedi, Hesham R.;Afifi, Sherif M.. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Desert truffles are popular ectomycorrhizal fungi valued worldwide for their nutritional and traditional health benefits. Herein, two chief desert truffles viz., Terfezia claveryi and T. boudieri were assessed for their metabolites heterogeneity in context of their volatile sensory and nutrients profile as analyzed via GC-MS. Primary metabolites accounting for nutritive indexes in T. claveryi and T. boudieri were investigated with 61 peaks belonging to sugars, sugar alcs. and amino acids. After headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), a total of 106 volatiles were annotated belonging to alcs., ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and furans. The abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes as antimicrobials rationalizes for the folk use of desert truffles against trachoma. Benzyl isothiocyanate was detected as the sulfur containing volatile component in desert truffle and absent from truffles. Multivariate data analyses (MVA) revealed that 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were the most significantly contributors in the discrimination of T. claveryi and T. boudieri specimens. Being more enriched in essential amino acids, T. claveryi provided a better sugar diet composition concurrent with lower sugars and higher sugar alcs. compared to T. boudieri. This study provides the first insight into desert truffles metabolites and sensory composition, and to account for its culinary and medicinal uses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Monochamus galloprovincialis feeding on Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, oleoresin and insect volatiles was written by Goncalves, Elsa;Figueiredo, A. Cristina;Barroso, Jose G.;Henriques, Joana;Sousa, Edmundo;Bonifacio, Luis. And the article was included in Phytochemistry (Elsevier) in 2020.Product Details of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

In Portugal, the pine black sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis is the principal vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), a lethal phyopathogen with major ecol. and economic consequences to European forestry. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of M. galloprovincialis feeding on the volatiles emitted by pine trees. This study focused on the pine species which are most relevant to Portugal, i.e., Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) and Pinus pinea (stone or umbrella pine), assessing to what extent pine chemotypes might influence feeding by the insect vector. Preliminary evaluation of each maritime pine essential oil allowed recognizing the existence of two main chemotypes (C1 and C2) and absence of chem. variability in P. pinea. Emission of volatiles from pine trees was evaluated before and during 24 h of feeding by a mixed-sex pair of newly emerged, unfed M. galloprovincialis. Volatiles were also collected from the oleoresin released from the feeding wounds as well as from the insects after feeding. Pine volatiles were collected by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and insect volatiles extracted with pentane, and all analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by GC for component identification and quantification, resp. Of the seventeen emitted volatiles detected in SPME analyses of P. pinaster, β-pinene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and germacrene D showed the highest average fold increases as a result of M. galloprovincialis feeding. When grouped by P. pinaster chemotype, C1 and C2 groups of trees showed different patterns of responses. β-Caryophyllene and germacrene D showed the highest fold increase in C1 trees, whereas β-pinene and α-pinene clearly dominated in C2 trees. Likewise, the oleoresin volatiles from C1 trees were dominated by δ-3-carene and/or β-pinene, whereas α-pinene and β-pinene were the main volatile components from oleoresin of C2 trees. Nine components were detected in P. pinea volatiles, of which limonene showed the highest fold increase as a result of insect feeding. The volatiles collected from the insects after they had fed on P. pinaster included α-pinene, β-pinene, and abietic acid, and by the straight-chain n-alkanes n-C27, n-C29, and n-C25, together with the methyl-branched hydrocarbons 3-meC29, 2-meC28, and 3-meC27. A better understanding of the responses of different P. pinaster chemotypes to feeding by M. galloprovincialis may be helpful in the development of new lures to improve pine sawyer trapping in integrated pest management for control of PWD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Product Details of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Product Details of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics