Tag: 100-200

Mentha piperita L. micropropagation and the potential influence of plant growth regulators on volatile organic compound composition was written by Lyczko, Jacek;Piotrowski, Krystian;Kolasa, Kornelia;Galek, Renata;Szumny, Antoni. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Due to the industrial use of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint), it is important to develop an optimal method to obtain standardized plant material with specific quality parameters. In vitro cultures may allow the production of desirable odor-active compounds (OACs) and improve their share in the plant aroma profile. There are two types of explants that are commonly used, apical meristems and nodal segments. In this study, the best overall effects were shown to be produced by the combination of MS medium with the addition of 0.5 mg·dm^-3 indolyl-3-butyric acid. In this case, a very high degree of rooting was found (97% for apical meristems, 100% for nodal meristems), lateral shoots were induced in 83% of both types of explant, and the content of OACs in the plant aroma profile increased significantly, especially menthofurolactone and cis-carvone oxide, responsible in this case for a characteristic mint-like aroma. The comparison of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) obtained from plants of different origin by GC-MS showed no significant differences in their qual. composition Moreover, in-vitro-cultivated peppermint on a medium containing 0.5 mg·dm^-3 2-isopentinloadenine and 0.1 mg·dm^-3 indolyl-3-acetic acid showed significant amounts of menthofurolactone in its VOC composition In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Process Analysis of PMMA-Based Dental Resins Residues Depolymerization: Optimization of Reaction Time and Temperature was written by dos Santos, Jr. Paulo Bisi;Ribeiro, Haroldo Jorge da Silva;Ferreira, Armando Costa;Ferreira, Caio Campos;Bernar, Lucas Pinto;Assuncao, Fernanda Paula da Costa;de Castro, Douglas Alberto Rocha;Santos, Marcelo Costa;Duvoisin, Jr. Sergio;Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro;Machado, Nelio Teixeira. And the article was included in Energies (Basel, Switzerland) in 2022.SDS of cas: 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

This work aims to optimize the recovery of Me methacrylate (MMA) by depolymerization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dental resins fragments/residues. In order to pilot the experiments at tech. scale, the PMMA dental resins scraps were submitted by thermogravimetric anal. (TG/DTG/DTA). The experiments were conducted at 345, 405, and 420°C, atm. pressure, using a pilot scale reactor of 143 L. The liquid phase products obtained at 420°C, atm. pressure, were subjected to fractional distillation using a pilot scale column at 105°C. The physicochem. properties (d., kinematic viscosity, and refractive index) of reaction liquid products, obtained at 345°C, atm. pressure, were determined exptl. The compositional anal. of reaction liquid products at 345°C, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 min, at 405°C, 50, 70, and 130 min, and at 420°C, 40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 130 min were determined by GC-MS. The morphol. of PMMA dental resins fragments before and after depolymerization was performed by SEM (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The experiments show that liquid phase yields were 55.50%, 48.73%, and 48.20% (weight), at 345, 405, and 420°C, resp., showing a first order exponential decay behavior, decreasing with increasing temperature, while that of gas phase were 31.69%, 36.60%, and 40.13% (weight), resp., showing a first order exponential growth, increasing with temperature By comparing the d., kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of pure MMA at 20°C with those of liquid reaction products after distillation, one may compute percent errors of 1.41, 2.83, and 0.14%, resp. SEM anal. showed that all the polymeric material was carbonized. Oxygenated compounds including esters of carboxylic acids, alcs., ketones, and aromatics were detected by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the liquid products at 345, 405, and 420°C, atm. pressure. By the depolymerization of PMMA dental resins scraps, concentrations of Me methacrylate between 83.454 and 98.975% (area.) were achieved. For all the depolymerization experiments, liquid phases with MMA purities above 98% (area.) were obtained between the time interval of 30 and 80 min. However, after 100 min, a sharp decline in the concentrations of Me methacrylate in the liquid phase was observed The optimum operating conditions to achieve high MMA concentrations, as well as elevated yields of liquid reaction products were 345°C and 80 min. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5SDS of cas: 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of volatile and odor-active compounds in Hunan black tea by SPME/GC-MS and multivariate analysis was written by Yin, Xia;Huang, Jian’an;Huang, Jing;Wu, Wenliang;Tong, Tong;Liu, Shujuan;Zhou, Lingyun;Liu, Zhonghua;Zhang, Shuguang. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

Hunan black tea is well-known for its floral-honey aroma, but the volatile components responsible for the fragrance have not been elucidated yet. In this study, the volatile compounds in Hunan black tea were identified and quantified by the headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that 88 compounds were extracted and determined in Hunan black tea, including the dominant components Geraniol, phenethyl alc., phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, nonanal and other 5 aromatic compounds Furthermore, the aroma-active compounds were identified by odor activity value (OAV). It was found that 24 aroma compounds, including geraniol with an OAV� were regarded as the primary active aromatic compounds in Hunan black tea. Finally, partial least squares (PLS) regression anal. was employed and results revealed that Nonanal, trans-nerolidol, benzyl alc., and phenylethanol exhibit a pos. correlation with the intensity of floral and sweet honey aromas. Overall, this study identified the volatile compounds responsible for the dominant floral-honey aroma in Hunan black tea. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of functionalized S-benzyl dithiocarbamates from diazo-compounds via multi-component reactions with carbon disulfide and secondary amines was written by Kumar, Nitin;Venkatesh, Rapelly;Kandasamy, Jeyakumar. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 584-74-7 This article mentions the following:

Triflic acid promoted multi-component synthesis of functionalized S-benzyl dithiocarbamates R¹CH(C(O)R²)(SC(S)NR³R⁴) [R¹ = Ph, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, etc.; R² = OEt, OMe, Oi-Pr, Ot-Bu, cyclohexyloxy; R³ = H, Et, Pr, hexyl; R⁴ = Et, Pr, Bu, hexyl, benzylmethyl; R³R⁴ = -(CH₂)₄-, -(CH₂)₅-, -(CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂-, -(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂-, -(CH₂)₂N(Me)(CH₂)₂-] from diazo compounds R¹C(=N₂)C(O)R², carbon disulfide and secondary amines R³R⁴NH is reported. The reactions proceeded at room temperature and gave the desired S-benzyl dithiocarbamates in good yields. Wide-substrate scope and easy operation are the important features of this methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7Recommanded Product: 584-74-7).

Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 584-74-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioactivity assessment of essential oils of Cymbopogon species using a network pharmacology approach was written by Bansal, Hina;Pravallika, Vusala Sri Sai;Srivastava, Gauri;Ganjewala, Deepak. And the article was included in Biologia Futura in 2022.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Essential oils of Cymbopogon species have wide com. applications in fragrance, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals as they exhibit a horizon of bioactivities. Here, essential oils of C. flexuosus and C. martinii were analyzed to identify bioactive constituents and bioactivities using a network pharmacol. approach. Essential oils were isolated using hydro-distillation in a mini Clevenger apparatus Anal. of essential oils by GC-MS revealed 20 and 15 chem. constituents in C. flexuosus and C. martinii, resp. An ingredient-target protein-pathway network was constructed comprising 10 oil constituents (citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, borneol, a-pinene, myrcene, and n-decanol), 14 target proteins, 51 related pathways, and 108 connections. Analyses of the network showed geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, and citral as major active constituents. A core sub-network constructed from the ingredient-target protein-pathway network revealed bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The protein association network pointed out the major target proteins viz., THRB, FXR, ALOX15, and TSHR and pathways like metabolic, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways of essential oil constituents. The target proteins and pathways provided insights into the mechanism of action of bioactive constituents. Based on the results of the study, geraniol was correlated with neuroprotective, citral to chemo-preventive, and limonene to anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the study offers a new way for the assessment of the bioactivities of Cymbopogon species essential oils leading to the development of new biomedicines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photodegradation pathways of typical phthalic acid esters Under UV, UV/TiO2, and UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 systems was written by Wang, Chunying;Zeng, Ting;Gu, Chuantao;Zhu, Sipin;Zhang, Qingqing;Luo, Xianping. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2019.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Photolysis and photocatalysis of typical phthalic acid esters (di-Me phthalate, DMP; di-Et phthalate, DEP; di-Bu phthalate, DBP) were carried out in UV, UV/TiO₂, and UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 systems. All of the selected phthalic acid esters and their decomposition byproducts were subjected to qual. and quant. anal. through HPLC and GC-MS. The results of 300 min of photolysis and photodegradation reaction were that each system demonstrated different abilities to remove DMP, DEP, and DBP. The UV/TiO₂ system showed the strongest degradation ability on selected PAEs, with removal efficiencies of up to 93.03, 92.64, and 92.50% for DMP, DEP, and DBP in 90 min, resp. UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 had almost no ability to remove DMP and DEP. However, all of the systems had strong ability to degrade DBP. On the other hand, the different systems resulted in various byproducts and PAE degradation pathways. The UV system mainly attacked the carbon branch and produced o-hydroxybenzoates. No ring-opening byproducts were detected in the UV system. In the photocatalytic process, the hydroxyl radicals produced not only attacked the carbon branch but also the benzene ring. Therefore, hydroxylated compounds and ring-opening byproducts were detected by GC-MS in both the UV/TiO₂ and UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 photocatalytic systems. However, there were fewer products due to direct hole oxidation in the UV-Vis/Bi2WO6 system compared with the UV/TiO₂ system, which mainly reacted with the pollutants via hydroxyl radicals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-difunctionalization of naphthalenes was written by Yang, Ping;Zheng, Chao;Nie, Yu-Han;You, Shu-Li. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2020.Electric Literature of C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

A highly diastereoselective dearomatization of naphthalenes via a Pd-catalyzed 1,4-difunctionalization reaction is described. In the presence of a com. available palladium precursor and ligand, intramol. dearomative Heck-type insertion provides π-allylpalladium intermediates which are readily captured by a series of nucleophiles in excellent yields (up to 99%). This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and useful transformations of the products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Electric Literature of C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Green and Efficient Esterification Method Using Dried Dowex H⁺/NaI Approach was written by Turhanen, Petri A.;Leppanen, Jukka;Vepsalainen, Jouko J.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2019.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

The usefulness of dried Dowex H⁺ cation-exchange resin with or without sodium iodide (NaI) as a catalyst system for different kinds of esterifications using carboxylic acids and alcs. as starting materials has been systematically investigated. The Dowex H⁺/NaI approach is very effective, generally high yielding, energy-efficient, and nontoxic, and the Dowex H⁺ resin is reusable. Since the whole procedure from start to product isolation is also very simple, these features make the method environmentally friendly. The method is regioselective, and its potential for separation of valuable carboxylic acids like resin acids from mixtures containing other kinds of carboxylic acids has been demonstrated. Examples for green and straightforward esterification of highly important natural amino acids are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-activity Relationship Studies of Microbiologically Active Thiosemicarbazides Derived from Hydroxybenzoic Acid Hydrazides was written by Plech, Tomasz;Paneth, Agata;Kapron, Barbara;Kosikowska, Urszula;Malm, Anna;Strzelczyk, Aleksandra;Staczek, Pawel. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2015.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Forty-five derivatives of thiosemicarbazide were synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria was evaluated. Some of the described compounds exhibited interesting activity against reference strains of Gram-pos. bacteria, whereas only two derivatives had the ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-neg. species (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453). The most potent antimicrobial activity was observed in the cases of salicylic acid hydrazide derivatives The differences in activity inspired us to conduct conformational anal. using mol. mechanics level. The obtained results suggest that the mol. geometry, especially at the N4-terminus of thiosemicarbazide skeleton, determines the antibacterial activity. Unfortunately, in opposition to what we expected, only one of the tested compounds inhibited the activity of the topoIV enzyme, and none of them was active against DNA gyrase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Novel Minor Groove Binding Reagent Designed to Serve as a “Truck” To Carry DNA Modifying Moieties into the Major Groove was written by Xue, Tianhan;Browne, Kenneth A.;Bruice, Thomas C.. And the article was included in Bioconjugate Chemistry in 1995.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A site-selective DNA minor groove binding tripyrrole peptide has been synthesized as a “truck” to place chem. functionalities into the major groove which are capable of phys. modifying DNA, acting as catalysts to hydrolyze DNA, or effectively protecting DNA from various DNA modifying enzymes. The equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of this peptide to an A₃T₃ dsDNA binding site have been determined to be nanomolar, and they are compared to the constants for other minor groove binding agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics