Esters-buliding-blocks

Saha, M. N. published the artcileSmall molecule MIRA-1 induces in vitro and in vivo anti-myeloma activity and synergizes with current anti-myeloma agents, Quality Control of 72835-26-8, the main research area is small mol MIRA1 antimyeloma doxorubicin dexamethasone Velcade synergism; multiple myeloma.

Background: Small mol. MIRA-1 induced mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in several types of solid tumors. However, anti-tumor activity of MIRA-1 in haematol. malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MIRA-1 in MM. Methods: We examined the anti-tumor activity of MIRA-1 alone or in combination with current anti-myeloma agents in a panel of MM cell lines, primary MM samples, and in a mouse xenograft model of MM. Results: MIRA-1 treatment resulted in the inhibition of viability, colony formation, and migration and increase in apoptosis of MM cells irresp. of p53 status accompanied by upregulation of Puma and Bax and downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-Myc. Genetic knockdown of p53 did not abrogate apoptotic response of MIRA-1. MIRA-1 triggered activation of PERK and IRE-α leading to splicing of XBP1 indicating an association of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Furthermore, combined treatment of MIRA-1 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin or velcade displayed synergistic response in MM cells. Importantly, MIRA-1 alone or in combination with dexamethasone retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival without showing any untoward toxicity in the mice bearing MM tumor. Conclusions: Our data provide the preclin. framework for clin. evaluation of MIRA-1 as a novel therapeutic agent to improve patient outcome in MM.

British Journal of Cancer published new progress about Apoptosis. 72835-26-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is (2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl propionate, and the molecular formula is C8H9NO4, Quality Control of 72835-26-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kunishige, Rina published the artcileCalciprotein particle-induced cytotoxicity via lysosomal dysfunction and altered cholesterol distribution in renal epithelial HK-2 cells, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is calciprotein cholesterol distribution lysosomal dysfunction cytotoxicity.

Dietary phosphate overload induces chronic kidney disease (CKD), and calciprotein particles (CPPs), a form of nanoparticle comprising calcium phosphate and serum proteins, has been proposed to cause renal toxicity. However, the mechanism of CPP cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells is unknown. Here we show that in renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells, endocytosed CPPs accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes (LELs) and increase their luminal pH by ∼ 1.0 unit. This results in a decrease in lysosomal hydrolase activity and autophagic flux blockage without lysosomal rupture and reactive oxygen species generation. CPP treatment led to vulnerability to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and plasma membrane injury, probably because of autophagic flux blockage and decreased plasma membrane cholesterol, resp. CPP-induced disruption of lysosomal homeostasis, autophagy flux and plasma membrane integrity might trigger a vicious cycle, leading to progressive nephron loss.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sangpairoj, Kant published the artcileHexadecanoic acid-enriched extract of Halymenia durvillei induces apoptotic and autophagic death of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by upregulating ER stress, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is hexadecanoic acid Halymenia durvillei death human breast cancer cells; autophagic death human triple neg breast cancer ER stress.

To investigate the effect of the hexane solvent fraction of Halymenia durvillei (HDHE) on triple-neg. breast cancer. The phytochem. profile of HDHE was investigated by GC-MS. The cytotoxicity of HDHE against MDA-MB-231 cells was determined The apoptotic and autophagic effects of HDHE were analyzed. The expression of mol. markers controlling apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was determined HDHE contains a mixture of fatty acids, mainly hexadecanoic acid. HDHE at a cytotoxic concentration induced apoptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells through mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and induction of apoptosis markers, and increased the expression of proteins related to DNA damage response. HDHE also induced the expression of LC-3, a marker of autophagic cell death at a cytotoxic concentration Moreover, HDHE modulated the expression of ER stress genes. The hexadecanoic acid-enriched extract of Halymenia durvillei promotes apoptosis and autophagy of human triple-neg. breast cancer cells. This extract may be further explored as an anticancer agent for triple-neg. breast cancer.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine published new progress about Apoptosis. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Shubin published the artcileGlucose-coated berberine nanodrug for glioma therapy through mitochondrial pathway, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is glucose berberine glioma cell mitochondria nanocarrier; berberine; glioma; glucose-nanocarrier; mitochondria; nanoparticles.

Introduction: Glioma is the primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Berberine (BBR) was the potential drug for anti-tumor in glioma cells. Based on its limitation of poor aqueous solubility and instability, little information of BBR nanoparticles is reported in glioma. Methods: Different solutions including 5% glucose, 1*PBS, ddH2O, 0.9% NaCl, cell culture medium were selected, and only 5% glucose and ddH2O exhibited BBR-related nanoparticles. After heating for a longer time or adding a higher concentration of glucose solution, BBR nanoparticles were detected by TEM anal. The uptake of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles were detected by immunofluorescence anal. for BBR autofluorescence. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and Western blotting anal. Apoptosis was performed with flow cytometric anal. and was detected by cleaved caspase-3 immuno-fluorescent staining. Cell cycle was used by flow cytometric anal. Cytoskeleton was observed by confocal anal. using the neuron specific Class III β-tubulin and β-tubulin antibodies. Mitochondrial-related proteins were detected by Western blotting analyses and mito-tracker staining in live cells. Mitochondrion structures were observed by TEM anal. ROS generation and ATP production were detected by related com. kits. The tracking of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles into blood-brain barrier was observed in primary tumor-bearing models. The fluorescence of BBR was detected by confocal analyses in brains and gliomas.

International Journal of Nanomedicine published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Seghezzo, Sara P. published the artcileExtended Follow-up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for IκBα Deficiency with Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Infection, SDS of cas: 55981-09-4, the main research area is Mycobacterium hematopoietic cell transplantation IkB alpha; IκBα; Mycobacterium avium; NFKBIA; hematopoietic cell transplantation; immunodeficiency; recurrent infection.

This article relates to extended follow-up after hematopoietic cell transplantation for IκBα deficiency with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection. Pre-transplant imaging revealed enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes that were pos. for MAC on biopsy. This infection was controlled but not resolved after 5 mo of a 5-drug regimen that included clofazimine, azithromycin, amikacin, ethambutol, and rifampin. The patient developed grade 2 skin graft vs. host disease (GVHD) starting day + 90, which responded to steroids and sirolimus. Addnl. post-transplant complications included a Pseudomonas putida central line infection and disseminated reactivation of vaccine-strain varicella following discontinuation of acyclovir 6 mo post-transplant. Reconstitution of the adaptive immune system was lifesaving for our patient and allowed for resolution of his MAC infection; however, he remains vulnerable to recurrent. Sinopulmonary infections.

Journal of Clinical Immunology published new progress about Apoptosis. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, SDS of cas: 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cornel, Erik J. published the artcileTime-resolved small-angle neutron scattering studies of the thermally-induced exchange of copolymer chains between spherical diblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly, Recommanded Product: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is spherical diblock copolymer micelle polymerization induced selfassembly.

Sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (a.k.a. micelles) are prepared directly in non-polar media via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). More specifically, a poly(lauryl methacrylate) chain transfer agent is chain-extended via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of Me methacrylate (MMA) to form sterically-stabilized spheres at 20% weight/weight solids in n-dodecane at 90°. Both fully hydrogenous (PLMA39-PMMA55 and PLMA39-PMMA94) and core-deuterated (PLMA39-d8PMMA57 and PLMA39-d8PMMA96) spherical nanoparticles with mean core diameters of approx. 20 nm were prepared using this protocol. After diluting each dispersion in turn to 1.0% weight/weight with n-dodecane, small-angle X-ray scattering studies confirmed essentially no change in spherical nanoparticle diameter after thermal annealing at 150°. Time-resolved small angle neutron scattering was used to examine whether copolymer chain exchange occurs between such nanoparticles at elevated temperatures Copolymer chain exchange for a binary mixture of PLMA39-PMMA55 and PLMA39-d8PMMA57 nanoparticles produced hybrid (mixed) cores containing both PMMA55 and d8PMMA57 blocks within 3 min at 150°. In contrast, a binary mixture of PLMA39-PMMA94 and PLMA39-d8PMMA96 nanoparticles required 8 min at this temperature before no further reduction in neutron scattering intensity could be observed These observations suggest that the rate of copolymer chain exchange depends on the d.p. of the core-forming block. Relatively slow copolymer chain exchange was also observed at 80°, which is below the Tg of the core-forming PMMA block as determined by DSC studies. These observations confirm rapid exchange of individual copolymer chains between sterically-stabilized nanoparticles at elevated temperature The implications of these findings are briefly discussed in the context of PISA, which is a powerful technique for the synthesis of sterically-stabilized nanoparticles.

Soft Matter published new progress about Annealing. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Recommanded Product: Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biswas, Animesh published the artcileAcyl Donor Intermediates in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Acyl Azolium or Azolium Enolate?, Recommanded Product: Benzyl acetate, the main research area is acyl azolium enolate intermediate nitrogen heterocyclic carbene reaction mechanism; N-heterocyclic carbenes; X-ray diffraction; esters; reaction mechanisms; structure elucidation.

Azolium enolates and acyl azolium cations have been proposed as intermediates in numerous N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed transformations. Acetyl azolium enolates were generated from the reaction of 2-propenyl acetate with both saturated (SIPr) and aromatic (IPr) NHCs, isolated, and characterized (NMR, XRD). Protonation with triflic acid gave the corresponding acetyl azolium triflates which were isolated and characterized (NMR, XRD). Acyl azolium cations have been proposed as immediate precursors of the ester product, for example, in the redox esterification of α,β-enals. Studies with d3-acetyl azolium triflate suggest that ester formation originates instead from an azolium enolate intermediate. Furthermore, the acetyl azolium enolate selectively reacted with alc. nucleophiles in the presence of amines. While the acetyl azolium cation did not react with alcs., an ester-selective reaction was induced by addition of base, by intermediate formation of the acetyl azolium enolate.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Amidation. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Recommanded Product: Benzyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Guangchen published the artcileHighly Chemoselective, Transition-Metal-Free Transamidation of Unactivated Amides and Direct Amidation of Alkyl Esters by N-C/O-C Cleavage, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is chemoselective transamidation unactivated amide amidation alkyl ester.

The amide bond is one of the most fundamental functional groups in chem. and biol. and plays a central role in numerous processes harnessed to streamline the synthesis of key pharmaceutical and industrial mols. Although the synthesis of amides is one of the most frequently performed reactions by academic and industrial scientists, the direct transamidation of tertiary amides is challenging due to unfavorable kinetic and thermodn. contributions of the process. Herein, we report the first general, mild, and highly chemoselective method for transamidation of unactivated tertiary amides by a direct acyl N-C bond cleavage with non-nucleophilic amines. This operationally simple method is performed in the absence of transition metals and operates under unusually mild reaction conditions. In this context, we further describe the direct amidation of abundant alkyl esters to afford amide bonds with exquisite selectivity by acyl C-O bond cleavage. The utility of this process is showcased by a broad scope of the method, including various sensitive functional groups, late-stage modification, and the synthesis of drug mols. (>80 examples). Remarkable selectivity toward different functional groups and within different amide and ester electrophiles that is not feasible using existing methods was observed Extensive exptl. and computational studies were conducted to provide insight into the mechanism and the origins of high selectivity. We further present a series of guidelines to predict the reactivity of amides and esters in the synthesis of valuable amide bonds by this user-friendly process. In light of the importance of the amide bond in organic synthesis and major practical advantages of this method, the study opens up new opportunities in the synthesis of pivotal amide bonds in a broad range of chem. contexts.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Amidation. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tang, Xianfang published the artcileIndicator regularized non-negative matrix factorization method-based drug repurposing for COVID-19, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4, the main research area is human COVID19 nonneg matrix factorization method drug repurposing; COVID-19; biological networks; drug repurposing; non-negative matrix factorization; semi-supervised learning.

A novel coronavirus, named COVID-19, has become one of the most prevalent and severe infectious diseases in human history. Currently, there are only very few vaccines and therapeutic drugs against COVID-19, and their effi cacies are yet to be tested. Drug repurposing aims to explore new applications of approved drugs, which can signifi cantly reduce time and cost compared with de novo drug discovery. In this study, we built a virus-drug dataset, which included 34 viruses, 210 drugs, and 437 confirmed related virus-drug pairs from existing literature. Besides, we developed an Indicator Regularized non-neg. Matrix Factorization (IRNMF) method, which introduced the indicator matrix and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition into the non-neg. matrix factorization algorithm. According to the 5-fold cross-validation on the virus-drug dataset, the performance of IRNMF was better than other methods, and its Area Under receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) value was 0.8127. Addnl., we analyzed the case on COVID-19 infection, and our results suggested that the IRNMF algorithm could prioritize unknown virus-drug associations

Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Algorithm. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Naik, Vankudavath Raju published the artcileRemdesivir (GS-5734) as a therapeutic option of 2019-nCOV main protease – in silico approach, Quality Control of 55981-09-4, the main research area is human covid19 virus mol docking remdesivir genome; 2019-nCOV; COVID-19; Remdesivir; dynamics simulations; molecular docking; phylogeny; sequence analysis.

2019 – Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV), enclosed large genome pos.-sense RNA virus characterized by crown-like spikes that protrude from their surface, and have a distinctive replication strategy. The 2019-nCOV belongs to the Coronaviridae family, principally consists of virulent pathogens showing zoonotic property, has emerged as a pandemic outbreak with high mortality and high morbidity rate around the globe and no therapeutic vaccine or drugs against 2019-nCoV are discovered till now. In this study, in silico methods and algorithms were used for sequence, structure anal. and mol. docking on Mpro of 2019-nCOV. The co-crystal structure of 2019-nCOV protease, 6LU7 have ∼99% identity with SARS-CoV protease. The 6LU7 residues, Cys145 and His164 are playing a significant role in replication and are essential for the survival of 2019-nCOV. Alongside, 2019-nCOV Mpro sequence is non-homologous to human host-pathogen. Complete genome sequence anal., structural and mol. docking results revealed that Remdesivir is having a better binding affinity with -8.2kcal/mol than the rest of protease inhibitors, and peptide. Remdesivir is strongly forming h-bonds with crucial Mpro residues, Cys145, and His164. Further, MD simulation anal. also confirmed, that these residues are forming H-bond with Remdesivir during 100ns simulations run and found stable (∼99%) by RMSD and RMSF. Thus, present in silico study at mol. approaches suggest that, Remdesivir is a potent therapeutic inhibitor against 2019-nCoV.

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics published new progress about Algorithm. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Quality Control of 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics