Esters-buliding-blocks

Smith, Gregory N. published the artcileMolecular exchange in spherical diblock copolymer colloids synthesised by polymerization-induced self-assembly, Formula: C16H30O2, the main research area is lauryl methacrylate Me methacrylate diblock copolymer exchange diffusion micelle; Colloids; Molecular exchange; Polymer micelles; Polymerisation-induced self-assembly; Small-angle neutron scattering.

To study mol. exchange between colloids requires the preparation of suitably labeled species. Deuterium isotopic labeling has been used to prepare two chem. identical yet isotopically distinguishable poly(lauryl methacrylate)-poly(Me methacrylate) (PLMA-PMMA) diblock copolymer colloids by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) directly in an alkane solvent. Mol. exchange should be detectable by performing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on the dispersions. SANS measurements were performed on fully hydrogenous PLMA39-PMMA57 and deuterated core PLMA39-P(MMA-d8)57 colloids. They were mixed in equal amounts and heated to determine if mol. exchange occurred. PISA syntheses are often thermally initiated, and diblock copolymers self-assemble at elevated temperature, making this an important parameter to study. Exptl. data for the mixture were compared to predicted curves for exchanged and non-exchanged colloids. The scattering of a mixture of fully hydrogenous and deuterated core copolymers does not disappear upon mol. exchange, due to the remaining contrast between the stabilizer and the core and solvent even after the cores fully exchange. By simultaneously fitting the SANS data from dispersions before mixing and using these parameters to constrain fitting the SANS data of mixtures, the mol. exchange between diblock copolymer micelles upon heating is clearly observed

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science published new progress about Colloids. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Formula: C16H30O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iwai, Hisanori published the artcileInfluence of land use on the structural feature of sedimentary humic acids in rivers in Northwest Hokkaida, Japan, SDS of cas: 929-77-1, the main research area is humic acid structural property river sediment northwest Hokkaida Japan; Humic acid; land use; rice paddy field; river sediment; structural features.

Colloidal organic matter is an important factor in our understanding of the transport of trace metals by rivers to coastal areas and the characteristics of organic matter in the sediment, including the effect of humic substances on the transport of such metals. The structural features of humic acids (HAs) derived from surface sediments collected from the mouths of four rivers in northwest Hokkaido, Japan, were evaluated from the perspective of land use in their basins. The sediments in two rivers (referred to as NS and SK) were lacking in HAs, but the sediments of the others (referred to as SM and PO) contained relatively high levels of HAs. UV-vis spectroscopic characteristics suggested that the HAs in SM and PO contained components derived from humified materials. The PO and SM basins contain rice paddy fields, and TMAH-py-GC/MS anal. showed that the pyrograms of paddy soil HA had a similar character to those of PO-HA and SM-HA samples. Thus, the differences of the structural features can be attributed to the land use in river basins. The findings indicate that the properties of organic river sediments are heavily influenced by the type of land use in the river basins.

Analytical Sciences published new progress about Colloids. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, SDS of cas: 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fulignati, Sara published the artcileIntegrated Cascade Process for the Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic and TetrahydrofuranicDiethers as Potential Biofuels, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydroxymethylfurfural catalytic conversion furanic tetrahydrofuranicdiether biofuel; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; furan ether; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; tetrahydrofuran ether.

The depletion of fossil resources is driving the research towards alternative renewable ones. Under this perspective, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a key mol. deriving from biomass characterized by remarkable potential as platform chem. In this work, for the first time, the hydrogenation of HMF in ethanol was selectively addressed towards 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) by properly tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of the same com. catalyst (Ru/C), reaching the highest yields of 80 and 93 mol%, resp. These diols represent not only interesting monomers but strategic precursors for two scarcely investigated ethoxylated biofuels, 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) and 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BEMTHF). Therefore, the etherification with ethanol of pure BHMF and BHMTHF and of crude BHMF, as obtained from hydrogenation step, substrates scarcely investigated in the literature, was performed with several com. heterogeneous acid catalysts. Among them, the zeolite HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) was the most promising system, achieving the highest BEMF yield of 74 mol%. In particular, for the first time, the synthesis of the fully hydrogenated diether BEMTHF was thoroughly studied, and a novel cascade process for the tailored conversion of HMF to the di-Et ethers BEMF and BEMTHF was proposed.

ChemSusChem published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Yuan published the artcilePreparation of carbonyl precursors for long-chain oxygenated fuels from cellulose ethanolysis catalyzed by metal oxides, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is metal oxide carbonyl precursor oxygenated fuel cellulose ethanolysis.

Long-chain oxygenated liquid fuels have similar physicochem. properties with diesel fuel, and its oxygen can promote combustion and reduce PM2.5. An approach for the preparation of the precursor from lignocellulose suitable for C-C coupling is the key problem to be solved in the production of long-chain oxygenated fuels. In this work, cellulose, as a main component in biomass, was directly alcoholyzed to carbonyl compounds with α-H catalyzed by three typical metal oxides (CaO, MgO and ZnO). The results showed that high temperature was favorable for the conversion of cellulose, but a large number of side products, namely levoglucosan and ethyl-α-D-pyran glucoside, have been detected in liquefied products. These byproducts could be transformed into target precursors with α-H over CaO or ZnO with 0.5 mmol at 320°C in ethanol solvent. Addnl., side reactions of ethanol at elevated temperature could be inhibited with ZnO in water-ethanol co-solvent and the byproducts from ethanol dehydration, including 1,1-diethoxyethane, 2-ethoxyethanol, dropped significantly with an increase in carbonyl compounds Noticeably, compared with pure ethanol, the yield of carbonyl compounds in liquid products increased obviously to 47.4% when the volume ratio of water to ethanol was 3: 10.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Yuan published the artcilePreparation of carbonyl precursors for long-chain oxygenated fuels from cellulose ethanolysis catalyzed by metal oxides, Product Details of C4H8O3, the main research area is metal oxide carbonyl precursor oxygenated fuel cellulose ethanolysis.

Long-chain oxygenated liquid fuels have similar physicochem. properties with diesel fuel, and its oxygen can promote combustion and reduce PM2.5. An approach for the preparation of the precursor from lignocellulose suitable for C-C coupling is the key problem to be solved in the production of long-chain oxygenated fuels. In this work, cellulose, as a main component in biomass, was directly alcoholyzed to carbonyl compounds with α-H catalyzed by three typical metal oxides (CaO, MgO and ZnO). The results showed that high temperature was favorable for the conversion of cellulose, but a large number of side products, namely levoglucosan and ethyl-α-D-pyran glucoside, have been detected in liquefied products. These byproducts could be transformed into target precursors with α-H over CaO or ZnO with 0.5 mmol at 320°C in ethanol solvent. Addnl., side reactions of ethanol at elevated temperature could be inhibited with ZnO in water-ethanol co-solvent and the byproducts from ethanol dehydration, including 1,1-diethoxyethane, 2-ethoxyethanol, dropped significantly with an increase in carbonyl compounds Noticeably, compared with pure ethanol, the yield of carbonyl compounds in liquid products increased obviously to 47.4% when the volume ratio of water to ethanol was 3: 10.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, Product Details of C4H8O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kass, Michael D. published the artcileCompatibility of Biologically Derivable Alcohols, Alkanes, Esters, Ketones, and an Ether as Diesel Blendstocks with Fuel System Elastomers, SDS of cas: 110-42-9, the main research area is compatibility biol derivable alc alkanes ester ketone ether diesel.

The compatibility of 11 bioderivable diesel blendstocks with 17 elastomer materials common to fuel storage, dispensing, and delivery systems was evaluated though volume and hardness measurements. The blendstocks included two alcs. (1-octanol and 1-nonanol), two acid esters (Me decanoate and hexyl hexanoate), tri(propylene glycol) Me ether (TPM), butylcyclohexane, two ketones (2-nonanone and 2-pentanone), biodiesel, and renewable diesel. Each blendstock was blended with diesel in concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %. The elastomers included two fluorocarbons, six acrylonitrile butadiene rubbers (NBRs), and one each of fluorosilicone, neoprene, polyurethane, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a blend of NBR and PVC (OZO), epichlorohydrin/ethylene oxide (ECO), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and silicone. Specimens of each elastomer material were immersed in the test fuels for a period of 4 wk and measured for volume and hardness. Afterward, they were dried at 60°C for 20 h and remeasured. The results showed that the alkanes, esters, and alcs. were suitable with many of the elastomers. For some materials, such as neoprene, these blendstocks improved the compatibility compared to neat diesel. In contrast, the ketones and TPM produced unsuitable volume expansion (>30%) and softening in many of the elastomers including the high-performance fluoroelastomers. Anal. of the results showed that the swelling behavior is predominantly due to polarity of the elastomer and test fuels.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biofuels. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, SDS of cas: 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heda, Jidnyasa published the artcileEfficient Synergetic Combination of H-USY and SnO2 for Direct Conversion of Glucose into Ethyl Levulinate (Biofuel Additive), SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is Lewis acidity catalyst glucose conversion Et levulinate preparation.

Et levulinate (EL), a biofuel additive for petroleum and biodiesel can also be used as a 100% fuel to replace petroleum diesel with the existing diesel engine. The major problem to make the EL process economical is the lack of a proper conversion technol. to convert C6 sugars such as glucose with higher yield of EL as well as process which can tolerate higher glucose concentration to increase productivity. The present study highlighted the catalytic synthesis of EL from glucose over synergetic combination of zeolite H-USY and Lewis acidic catalysts such as Sn-beta, TiO2, ZrO2, and SnO2. Because of the strong Lewis acidic nature and the subsequent enhancement in the isomerization rate from glucosides to fructosides, the synergetic combination of H-USY with SnO2 showed higher EL yield than the combination with other Lewis acidic catalysts. So far, the highest EL yield of 81% from glucose (50 g/L) at 180 °C in 3 h was achieved over the optimal combination of 95% H-USY and 5% SnO2 having strong/weak acidity and B/L ratios of 1.30 and 0.75, resp. The study was further extended for establishing the proposed reaction mechanism without the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, levulinic acid, and formic acid which makes the overall process clean and green.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rasulov, Suleiman M. published the artcileHigh-temperature and high-pressure density and liquid-vapor phase transition properties of methyl octanoate as main biofuel component, Safety of Methyl octanoate, the main research area is methyl octanoate temperature pressure density liquid vapor phase transition.

Thermodn. properties of compressed fuels as d. at liquids phase (PρT data) and two liquids-gas phases as saturated pressure, d., and temperature (PS,ρS,TS) are extremely important for engine performance as well as the transportation and storage of fuels. In this work single – and two-phase PρT data and liquid + gas phase equilibrium properties (PS,TS,ρS) of Me octanoate (caprylate) as one of the key components of biofuels have been studied. The measurements were performed along 15 liquid and vapor isochores between (44.7 and 832.0) kg·m-3 over a temperature range from (298 to 438) K at pressures up to 17.33 MPa using a constant-volume piezometer technique. The study was concentrated in the two-phase region to accurately determine vapor-pressures and in the immediate vicinity of the phase-transition temperatures to precisely determine the phase boundary properties (PS,ρS,TS) on the liquid + gas equilibrium curve. In the low temperature range (far from the critical point) where the values of vapor-pressure are negligible small (<1 kPa, approx. at temperatures below 350 K), the saturated vapor phase of Me octanoate was considered as ideal gas with volume of VG = RT/PS and ΔVLG ≈ VG = RT/PS, where the saturated liquid volume can be neglected, VG > > VL. This approach was used to simplify the calculation of the thermodn. properties of Me octanoate at saturation

Fuel published new progress about Biofuels. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Safety of Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Zheng published the artcileRuthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2 as a route to methyl esters for use as biofuels or fine chemicals, Recommanded Product: Methyl decanoate, the main research area is carbon dioxide hydrogenation methyl ester ruthenium catalyst.

A novel robust diphosphine-ruthenium(II) complex has been developed that can efficiently catalyze both the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol and its in situ condensation with carboxylic acids to form Me esters; a TON of up to 3260 is achievable for the CO2 to methanol step. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids can be transformed to their corresponding Me esters with high conversion and selectivity (17 aliphatic and 18 aromatic examples). On the basis of a series of experiments, a mechanism has been proposed to account for the various steps involved in the catalytic pathway. More importantly, this approach provides a promising route for using CO2 as a C1 source for the production of biofuels, fine chems. and methanol.

Chemical Science published new progress about Biofuels. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Recommanded Product: Methyl decanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dagaut, Philippe published the artcileEmission of carbonyl and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutants from the combustion of liquid fuels: impact of biofuel blending, Formula: C9H18O2, the main research area is carbonyl polyaromatic hydrocarbon biofuel pollutant combustion.

The combustion of conventional fuels (diesel and Jet A-1) with 10-20% vol oxygenated biofuels (ethanol, 1-butanol, Me octanoate, rapeseed oil Me ester (RME), di-Et carbonate, tri(propylene glycol)methyl ether, i.e., CH3(OC3H6)3OH, and 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF)) and a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) was studied. The experiments were performed using an atm. pressure laboratory premixed flame and a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine operating at 1500 rpm. Soot samples from kerosene blends were collected above a premixed flame for anal. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from the soot samples. After fractioning, they were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatog. (HPLC) with UV and fluorescence detectors. C1 to C8 carbonyl compounds (CBCs) were collected at the diesel engine exhaust on 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine coated cartridges (DNPH) and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection. The data indicated that blending conventional fuels with biofuels has a significant impact on the emission of both CBCs and PAHs adsorbed on soot. The global concentration of 18 PAHs (1-methyl-naphthalene, 2-methyl-naphthalene, and the 16 U.S. priority EPA PAHs) on soot was considerably lowered using oxygenated fuels, except 2,5-DMF. Conversely, the total carbonyl emission increased by oxygenated biofuels blending. Among them, ethanol and 1-butanol were found to increase considerably the emissions of CBCs.

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power published new progress about Biofuels. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Formula: C9H18O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics