Esters-buliding-blocks

Abdalla, Ashraf N. published the artcileProapoptotic activity of Achillea membranacea essential oil and its major constituent 1,8-cineole against A2780 ovarian cancer cells, Synthetic Route of 110-42-9, the main research area is Achillea essential oil cineole heptanal anticancer agent ovarian cancer; 1,8-cineole; Asteraceae; GC-EI-MS; apoptosis; cell cycle; cytotoxicity; essential oil.

Among the hundreds of reported Achillea species, A. membranacea (Labill.) DC. is one of the six that grow in Jordan. Many species of this genus are used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments and several biol. and pharmacol. activities have been ascribed to their essential oil (EO). For this study, the EO obtained from a specimen of A. membranacea grown in Jordan was analyzed by GC-MS. Ninety-six compounds were detected, of which oxygenated monoterpenes was the predominant class (47.9%), followed by non-terpene derivatives (27.9%), while sesquiterpenes represented 14.2% of the total composition The most abundant compound in the EO was 1,8-cineole (21.7%). The cytotoxic activity of the EO was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MCF7, A2780 and HT29), and one normal fibroblast cell line (MRC5) by MTT assay. The EO induced apoptosis and increased the preG1 events in A2780 cells. 1,8-Cineole, the major constituent of the EO, exhibited submicromolar cytotoxicity against A2780 cells, and was 42 times more selective against MRC5 cells. Its cytotoxicity against A2780 cells was comparable with that of doxorubicin, but 1,8-cineole was more selective for MRC5 normal cells. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole enhanced apoptosis in A2780, and caused a remarkable dose-dependent increase in preG1 events. Thus, 1,8-cineole has demonstrated promising cytotoxic and proapoptotic properties.

Molecules published new progress about Apoptosis. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Synthetic Route of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anastasiou, Ioanna A. published the artcileLow concentrations of bisphenol A promote the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway on Beta-TC-6 cells via the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide, HPLC of Formula: 2044-85-1, the main research area is bisphenol mitochondrial apoptotic Beta TC 6 cell superoxide; Beta-TC-6 cells; apoptosis; bisphenol A; intracellular reactive oxygen species.

The natural history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a progressive loss of pancreatic beta cell function and insulin resistance. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chem. that is used widely in industry; people are exposed to BPA and its products daily. Studies have delineated that BPA alters the function of pancreatic beta cells. Herein, we examined the effect of low doses of BPA on pancreatic beta cell viability and apoptosis and we tried to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these processes. Beta-TC-6 (ATCC CRL-11506) cells were cultured with a medium containing the following dilutions of BPA: 0.002, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 2 μup to 72 h. We examined the viability and ATP (ATP) levels of cells. Then, we measured apoptosis, cell cycle, and insulin levels. We quantified the levels of proteins implicated in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis; and finally, we quantified the intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. We found that the exposure of Beta-TC-6 cells to BPA results in a decrease in cell viability, ATP levels, and an increase in insulin levels. We found an increase in apoptosis levels and a decrease in cell cycle levels. In addition, we provide evidence of the levels of apoptotic proteins. Finally, we found an increase in the cellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide production Exposure to low concentrations of BPA triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis via the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide on Beta-TC-6 cells in a dose-dependent way.

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, HPLC of Formula: 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Tian-Jiao published the artcileLight triggered oxygen-affording engines for repeated hypoxia-resistant photodynamic therapy, SDS of cas: 2044-85-1, the main research area is hypoxia photodynamic therapy light triggered green affording oxygen engine; Chlorella; Hypoxia alleviation; Oxygen-affording; Photodynamic therapy; Photosynthesis.

Hypoxia is the trickiest barrier for oncotherapy, which can cause the resistance of various tumor treatments, even promote cancer progression and metastasis, especially in the treatment of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, alleviating tumor hypoxia would be a favorable modality to improve PDT treatment. In this study, we designed an innovative biol. oxygen-evolving material, autotrophic light-triggered green affording-oxygen engine (ALGAE), which could perform an on-off switchable and inexhaustible oxygen generation triggered by the same irradiation of PDT with good biocompatibility and degradability. And the hypoxia-resistant PDT induced by ALGAE could successfully eradicate tumors and avoid tumor metastasis. The ALGAE system could be standby in a long period for efficient oxygen-affording around tumors, which not only dramatically alleviated tumor hypoxia but also achieved a high-efficiency and repetitive PDT treatments. Furthermore, the innovative biol. oxygen-affording engine described in the study presents a new class of oxygen-generating material for hypoxia-resistant cancer therapy.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, SDS of cas: 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, He published the artcileFe3O4@GO magnetic nanocomposites protect mesenchymal stem cells and promote osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is osteogenic differentiation bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; iron oxide GO magnetic nanocomposite.

Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are typical magnetic materials for bone tissue regeneration. However, the accompanying oxidative stress during the reaction process of Fe3O4 NPs and H2O2 in bone remodeling and disease may hinder their application. In order to reduce this side effect, we selected graphene oxide (GO) to modify Fe3O4 NPs. We showed that Fe3O4@GO magnetic nanocomposites (Fe3O4@GO MNCs) eliminated 30% of H2O2 in 3 h, and reduced the amount of OH, the intermediate product of the Fenton reaction. The cellular study demonstrated that Fe3O4@GO MNCs reduced the cell damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved the activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Moreover, when the magnetic field and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) delivered by Fe3O4@GO MNCs worked together, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro was well promoted.

Biomaterials Science published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

McDougall, Rachel M. published the artcileMultiparametric cytotoxicity assessment: the effect of gold nanoparticle ligand functionalization on SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cell death, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1, the main research area is ovarian carcinoma cell death gold nanoparticle ligand cyotoxicity assessment; AuNP; Gold nanoparticles; cell death; cytotoxicity; nanoparticle chemistry; nanotoxicology; ovarian cancer.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are promising anti-cancer agents because of their modifiable properties and high biocompatibility. This study used multiple parallel analyses to investigate the cytotoxic properties of 5 nm AuNP conjugated to four different ligands with distinct surface chem.: polyethylene glycol (PEG), trimethylammonium bromide (TMAB), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and carboxyl (COOH). We used a range of biochem. and high-content microscopy methods to evaluate the metabolic function, oxidative stress, cell health, cell viability, and cell morphol. in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Each AuNP displayed a distinct cytotoxicity profile. All AuNP species assessed exhibited signs of dose-dependent cytotoxicity when morphol., clonogenic survival, lysosomal uptake, or cell number were measured as the marker of toxicity. All particles except for AuNP-COOH increased SKOV3 apoptosis. In contrast, AuNP-TMAB was the only particle that did not alter the metabolic function or induce significant signs of oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that AuNP surface chem. impacts the magnitude and mechanism of SKOV3 cell death. Together, these findings reinforce the important role for multiparametric cytotoxicity characterization when considering the utility of novel particles and surface chemistries.

Nanotoxicology published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Jie-xia published the artcileDoxorubicin-loaded hydrogen peroxide self-providing copper nanodots for combination of chemotherapy and acid-induced chemodynamic therapy against breast cancer, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is doxorubicin hydrogen peroxide copper nanodot chemodynamic therapy breast cancer; Acid induced; Chemical dynamic therapy (CDT); Copper nanodots; H(2)O(2) self-providing; Oxygen-independent.

In recent years, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has gained increasing interest in cancer treatment. In contrast to photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy, extrinsic excitations such as laser or ultrasound are not required in CDT. As a result, the CDT performance is not limited by the penetration depth of the external irritation. However, CDT relies heavily on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Insufficient H2O2 in the TME limits the CDT performance, and the most reported methods to produce H2O2 in the TME are dependent on oxygen supply, which is restricted by the hypoxic TME. In this study, H2O2 self-providing copper nanodots were proposed, and the drug doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully loaded to construct DOX-nanodots. Our results showed that the nanodots produced H2O2 in the weakly acidic TME due to the peroxo group and further generated the most active hydroxyl radical (·OH) through the Fenton-like reaction. This process was pH-dependent and did not occur in a neutral environment. In addition to ·OH, the nanodots also produced singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anions (O-2) in the cancer cells. The copper nanodots performed promising CDT against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, with enhanced cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. The combination of chemotherapy and CDT using DOX-nanodots further improved the therapeutic effects. The treatments showed good biocompatibility with no obvious toxicity in major tissues, possibly due to the specific ·OH generation in the weakly acidic TME. In summary, the H2O2 self-providing copper nanodots in combination with DOX showed promising cancer-curing effects due to the oxygen-independent and tumor-specific production of reactive oxygen species and the cooperation of chemotherapy.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Saha, M. N. published the artcileSmall molecule MIRA-1 induces in vitro and in vivo anti-myeloma activity and synergizes with current anti-myeloma agents, Quality Control of 72835-26-8, the main research area is small mol MIRA1 antimyeloma doxorubicin dexamethasone Velcade synergism; multiple myeloma.

Background: Small mol. MIRA-1 induced mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in several types of solid tumors. However, anti-tumor activity of MIRA-1 in haematol. malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MIRA-1 in MM. Methods: We examined the anti-tumor activity of MIRA-1 alone or in combination with current anti-myeloma agents in a panel of MM cell lines, primary MM samples, and in a mouse xenograft model of MM. Results: MIRA-1 treatment resulted in the inhibition of viability, colony formation, and migration and increase in apoptosis of MM cells irresp. of p53 status accompanied by upregulation of Puma and Bax and downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-Myc. Genetic knockdown of p53 did not abrogate apoptotic response of MIRA-1. MIRA-1 triggered activation of PERK and IRE-α leading to splicing of XBP1 indicating an association of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Furthermore, combined treatment of MIRA-1 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin or velcade displayed synergistic response in MM cells. Importantly, MIRA-1 alone or in combination with dexamethasone retarded tumor growth and prolonged survival without showing any untoward toxicity in the mice bearing MM tumor. Conclusions: Our data provide the preclin. framework for clin. evaluation of MIRA-1 as a novel therapeutic agent to improve patient outcome in MM.

British Journal of Cancer published new progress about Apoptosis. 72835-26-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is (2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl propionate, and the molecular formula is C8H9NO4, Quality Control of 72835-26-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kunishige, Rina published the artcileCalciprotein particle-induced cytotoxicity via lysosomal dysfunction and altered cholesterol distribution in renal epithelial HK-2 cells, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is calciprotein cholesterol distribution lysosomal dysfunction cytotoxicity.

Dietary phosphate overload induces chronic kidney disease (CKD), and calciprotein particles (CPPs), a form of nanoparticle comprising calcium phosphate and serum proteins, has been proposed to cause renal toxicity. However, the mechanism of CPP cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells is unknown. Here we show that in renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells, endocytosed CPPs accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes (LELs) and increase their luminal pH by ∼ 1.0 unit. This results in a decrease in lysosomal hydrolase activity and autophagic flux blockage without lysosomal rupture and reactive oxygen species generation. CPP treatment led to vulnerability to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and plasma membrane injury, probably because of autophagic flux blockage and decreased plasma membrane cholesterol, resp. CPP-induced disruption of lysosomal homeostasis, autophagy flux and plasma membrane integrity might trigger a vicious cycle, leading to progressive nephron loss.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sangpairoj, Kant published the artcileHexadecanoic acid-enriched extract of Halymenia durvillei induces apoptotic and autophagic death of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by upregulating ER stress, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is hexadecanoic acid Halymenia durvillei death human breast cancer cells; autophagic death human triple neg breast cancer ER stress.

To investigate the effect of the hexane solvent fraction of Halymenia durvillei (HDHE) on triple-neg. breast cancer. The phytochem. profile of HDHE was investigated by GC-MS. The cytotoxicity of HDHE against MDA-MB-231 cells was determined The apoptotic and autophagic effects of HDHE were analyzed. The expression of mol. markers controlling apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was determined HDHE contains a mixture of fatty acids, mainly hexadecanoic acid. HDHE at a cytotoxic concentration induced apoptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells through mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and induction of apoptosis markers, and increased the expression of proteins related to DNA damage response. HDHE also induced the expression of LC-3, a marker of autophagic cell death at a cytotoxic concentration Moreover, HDHE modulated the expression of ER stress genes. The hexadecanoic acid-enriched extract of Halymenia durvillei promotes apoptosis and autophagy of human triple-neg. breast cancer cells. This extract may be further explored as an anticancer agent for triple-neg. breast cancer.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine published new progress about Apoptosis. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Shubin published the artcileGlucose-coated berberine nanodrug for glioma therapy through mitochondrial pathway, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is glucose berberine glioma cell mitochondria nanocarrier; berberine; glioma; glucose-nanocarrier; mitochondria; nanoparticles.

Introduction: Glioma is the primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Berberine (BBR) was the potential drug for anti-tumor in glioma cells. Based on its limitation of poor aqueous solubility and instability, little information of BBR nanoparticles is reported in glioma. Methods: Different solutions including 5% glucose, 1*PBS, ddH2O, 0.9% NaCl, cell culture medium were selected, and only 5% glucose and ddH2O exhibited BBR-related nanoparticles. After heating for a longer time or adding a higher concentration of glucose solution, BBR nanoparticles were detected by TEM anal. The uptake of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles were detected by immunofluorescence anal. for BBR autofluorescence. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and Western blotting anal. Apoptosis was performed with flow cytometric anal. and was detected by cleaved caspase-3 immuno-fluorescent staining. Cell cycle was used by flow cytometric anal. Cytoskeleton was observed by confocal anal. using the neuron specific Class III β-tubulin and β-tubulin antibodies. Mitochondrial-related proteins were detected by Western blotting analyses and mito-tracker staining in live cells. Mitochondrion structures were observed by TEM anal. ROS generation and ATP production were detected by related com. kits. The tracking of BBR-Glu or BBR-Water nanoparticles into blood-brain barrier was observed in primary tumor-bearing models. The fluorescence of BBR was detected by confocal analyses in brains and gliomas.

International Journal of Nanomedicine published new progress about Apoptosis. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics