Esters-buliding-blocks

Ye, Caihong published the artcileNitazoxanide inhibits osteosarcoma cells growth and metastasis by suppressing AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways., Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is apoptosis; metastasis; osteosarcoma; proliferation; signaling pathways.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor with poor prognosis. Developing new drugs for the chemotherapy of OS has been a focal point and a major obstacle of OS treatment. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), a conventional anti-parasitic agent, has got increasingly noticed because of its favorable antitumor potential. Herein, we investigated the effect of NTZ on human OS cells in vitro and in vivo. The results obtained in vitro showed that NTZ inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, arrested cell cycle at G1 phase, while induced apoptosis of OS cells. Mechanistically, NTZ suppressed the activity of AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of OS cells. Consistent with the results in vitro, orthotopic implantation model of 143B OS cells further confirmed that NTZ inhibited OS cells growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Notably, NTZ caused no apparent damage to normal cells/tissues. In conclusion, NTZ may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis of human OS cells through suppressing AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Biological chemistry published new progress about apoptosis; metastasis; osteosarcoma; proliferation; signaling pathways. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Medhat, Mohammed A published the artcileSofosbuvir/ledipasvir in combination or nitazoxanide alone are safe and efficient treatments for COVID-19 infection: A randomized controlled trial for repurposing antivirals., Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is Antiviral; COVID-19; Nitazoxanide; SARS-CoV-2; Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Currently, there is no therapy approved for COVID-19. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and nitazoxanide for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial included one hundred and ninety patients with non-severe COVID-19 infection. Patients were randomized into three groups. All groups received standard care treatment (SCT). In addition, group 1 received sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, and group 2 received nitazoxanide. Follow-up by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done at intervals of 5, 8, 11, and 14 days. The primary endpoint was viral clearance. RESULTS: Viral clearance was significantly higher in the sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and nitazoxanide groups compared to the SCT group in all follow-up intervals (p < 0.001). In the sofosbuvir/ledipasvir arm, 36.9% showed early viral clearance by day 5. By day 14, 83.1% of the sofosbuvir/ledipasvir group, 39.7% of the nitazoxanide group, and 19.4% of the SCT group tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and nitazoxanide treatment were the only significant factors in Cox regression of negative RT-PCR with the highest OR (17.88, 95% CI: 6.66-47.98 and 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11-6.07, respectively). No mortality or serious adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSION: The addition of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir or nitazoxanide to the SCT results in an early and high viral clearance rate in mild and moderate patients with COVID-19. These drugs represent a safe and affordable treatment for COVID-19. Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology published new progress about Antiviral; COVID-19; Nitazoxanide; SARS-CoV-2; Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

de Souza, Audrien A A published the artcileInhibition of Brazilian ZIKV strain replication in primary human placental chorionic cells and cervical cells treated with nitazoxanide., COA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S, the main research area is Antiviral effect; Nitazoxanide; Placenta; Primary culture; Repurposing; ZIKV.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a congenital syndrome. Although the virus can be detected in human placental tissue and sexual transmission has been verified, it is not clear how the virus reaches the fetus. Despite the emerging severity caused by ZIKV infection, no specific prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness antiviral of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in two important congenital transmission targets: (i) a primary culture of human placental chorionic cells, and (ii) human cervical epithelial cells (C33-A) infected with Brazilian ZIKV strain. Initially, NTZ activity was screened in ZIKV infected Vero cells under different treatment regimens with non-toxic drug concentrations for 48 h. Antiviral effect was found only when the treatment was carried out after the viral inoculum. A strong effect against the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was also observed suggesting the possibility of treating other Flaviviruses. Additionally, it was shown that the treatment did not reduce the production of infectious viruses in insect cells (C6/36) infected with ZIKV, indicating that the activity of this drug is also related to host factors. Importantly, we demonstrated that NTZ treatment in chorionic and cervical cells caused a reduction of infected cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased viral loads in up to 2 logs. Pre-clinical in vitro testing evidenced excellent therapeutic response of infected chorionic and cervical cells and point to future NTZ activity investigation in ZIKV congenital transmission models with the perspective of possible repurposing of NTZ to treat Zika fever, especially in pregnant women.

The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases published new progress about Antiviral effect; Nitazoxanide; Placenta; Primary culture; Repurposing; ZIKV. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, COA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vamour, Clémence published the artcileImpact of skin-to-skin contact on maternal comfort in patients with elective caesarean section: A pilot study., Product Details of C11H22O2, the main research area is Analgesia nociception index; Caesarean section; Heart rate variability; Maternal comfort; Skin-to-skin contact.

OBJECTIVE: Caesarean section is a well-known cause of difficulties in breastfeeding initiation. Mother-infant skin-to-skin contact allows to improve breastfeeding and maternal comfort but remains few practiced during caesarean section. Our objective was to evaluate maternal comfort before and after immediate skin-to-skin contact in case of elective caesarean section. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational, monocenter study including patients with elective caesarean section. Mother-infant skin-to-skin contact was begun immediately after birth. The Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) is a well know heart rate variability (HRV) index, currently used in anesthesia, which decreases during painful stimulation and increases with maternal comfort. The Analgesia Nociception Index was compared before and after skin-to-skin contact. RESULTS: 53 patients were included. Skin-to-skin contact was started on average 4min (2-14, IIQ (3-5)) after birth. The median duration was 21min (4-40, IIQ (12.3-29.5)). It was interrupted in 24 patients: 9 from mother’s wish, 11 for maternal reasons (drowsiness, stress, pain, maternal hypothermia, lipothymia, vertigo, nausea, cough) and 4 for the newborn (respiratory distress, low pH). The median Analgesia Nociception Index at the end of skin-to-skin contact and at the end of the intervention was statistically higher than that before skin-to-skin contact (p=0.034 and p<10-3 respectively). CONCLUSION: Skin-to-skin contact is possible during caesarean section and allows a better maternal comfort. It should be encouraged and proposed to patients during elective caesarean section. It will be interesting to evaluate it in case of caesarean section during labor. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction published new progress about Analgesia nociception index; Caesarean section; Heart rate variability; Maternal comfort; Skin-to-skin contact. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Product Details of C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Goel, Vasudha published the artcileEvaluating the efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess., Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Adverse effects; Amebecide; Amebic liver abscess; Entamoeba histolytica; Metronidazole; Nitazoxanide.

BACKGROUND: Amebic liver abscess is treated successfully with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole drug followed by a luminal amebicide. Metronidazole has long been preferred, but has been associated with several adverse effects including intolerance in certain clinical situations. Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance and mutagenic potential have been described. Effects of the use of drug in pregnant women and infants of lactating women are unknown. Nitazoxanide was proven to be efficacious in treating invasive intestinal amebiasis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide as compared to metronidazole in patients with uncomplicated amebic liver abscess. METHODS: Patients with clinical and ultrasonography features suggestive of liver abscess, positive amebic serology, and/or anchovy sauce appearance on aspiration of the pus were included in the study and randomized into two parallel treatment groups. Group M received metronidazole, 2-2.5 g/day intravenous (IV), for inpatients, or 2-2.4 g/day oral, for outpatients in three divided doses for 14 days. Group N received nitazoxanide 500 mg BD per oral for 10 days. RESULTS: A total of sixty subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized equally into two groups, group M and group N. Number of patients achieving symptomatic clinical response (SCR) was similar in the two groups (80% vs. 76.7%, p = 1.00), though time to achieve symptomatic clinical response was significantly lower in metronidazole group as compared to that in nitazoxanide group. Greater proportion of patients achieved early clinical response (ECR) in metronidazole group as compared to nitazoxanide group. Complete resolution of abscess, at 6 months, was noted in 18 (60%) patients in the M group and 22 (73.3%) patients in the N group (p = 0.273). Metronidazole was associated with significantly greater frequency of adverse effects than nitazoxanide. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows equivalent efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess as compared to metronidazole, with better tolerability and advantage of simultaneous luminal clearance, thus reducing chances of recurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2019/01/017249.

Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology published new progress about Adverse effects; Amebecide; Amebic liver abscess; Entamoeba histolytica; Metronidazole; Nitazoxanide. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lu, Z Kevin published the artcileGender Disparities in Anti-dementia Medication Use among Older Adults: Health Equity Considerations and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias., Computed Properties of 123-29-5, the main research area is ADRD; alzheimer’s disease and related diseases; anti-dementia medications; gender disparities; medicare.

Objective: The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in women is higher than men. However, the knowledge of gender disparity in ADRD treatment is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the gender disparities in the receipt of anti-dementia medications among Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in the U.S. Methods: We used data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2016. Anti-dementia medications included cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs; including rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (including memantine). Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented to determine the possible gender disparities in the receipt of anti-dementia medications. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify gender disparities among beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and those with only AD-related dementias. Results: Descriptive analyses showed there were statistically significant differences in age, marital status, and Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) between Medicare beneficiaries who received and who did not receive anti-dementia medications. After controlling for covariates, we found that female Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD were 1.7 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications compared to their male counterparts (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.45). Specifically, among Medicare beneficiaries with AD, females were 1.2 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications (Odds Radio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-2.47), and among the Medicare beneficiaries with only AD-related dementias, females were 1.9 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.23-2.95). Conclusion: Healthcare providers should be aware of gender disparities in receiving anti-dementia medications among patients with ADRD, and the need to plan programs of care to support both women and men. Future approaches to finding barriers of prescribing, receiving and, adhering to anti-dementia medications by gender should include differences in longevity, biology, cognition, social roles, and environment.

Frontiers in pharmacology published new progress about ADRD; alzheimer’s disease and related diseases; anti-dementia medications; gender disparities; medicare. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Computed Properties of 123-29-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pauli, J published the artcileUtilizing optical spectroscopy and 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein to characterize the early stages of cement hydration., Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy.

The increasingly sophisticated nature of modern, more environmentally friendly cementitious binders requires a better understanding and control particularly of the complex, dynamic processes involved in the early phase of cement hydration. In-situ monitoring of properties of a constantly changing system over a defined period of time calls for simple, sensitive, fast, and preferably also non-invasive methods like optical spectroscopy. Here, we exploit the time-dependent changes in the absorbance and fluorescence features of the negatively charged optical probe 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DFFL) for the study of the hydration processes in pastes of white cement (WC), cubic tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tricalcium silicate (C3S), the main phases of cement, and in pastes of quartz (Q) over 24 h after addition of the dye solution. For comparison, also conventional techniques like isothermal heat flow calorimetry were applied. Based upon the time-dependent changes in the spectroscopic properties of DFFL, that seem to originate mainly from dye aggregation and dye-surface interactions and considerably vary between the different pastes, molecular pictures of the hydration processes in the cement pastes are derived. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of optical spectroscopy, i.e., diffuse reflectance, steady state and time-resolved fluorometry in conjunction with suitable optical reporters, to probe specific hydration processes and to contribute to a better understanding of the early hydration processes of cement at the molecular scale.

Methods and applications in fluorescence published new progress about 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reiniers, Megan J published the artcileOptimal Use of 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate in Cultured Hepatocytes., Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Oxidative stress is a state that arises when the production of reactive transients overwhelms the cell’s capacity to neutralize the oxidants and radicals. This state often coincides with the pathogenesis and perpetuation of numerous chronic diseases. On the other hand, medical interventions such as radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy generate radicals to selectively damage and kill diseased tissue. As a result, the qualification and quantification of oxidative stress are of great interest to those studying disease mechanisms as well as therapeutic interventions. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH2-DA) is one of the most widely used fluorogenic probes for the detection of reactive transients. The nonfluorescent DCFH2-DA crosses the plasma membrane and is deacetylated by cytosolic esterases to 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2). The nonfluorescent DCFH2 is subsequently oxidized by reactive transients to form the fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). The use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte-derived cell lines is more challenging because of membrane transport proteins that interfere with probe uptake and retention, among several other reasons. Cancer cells share some of the physiological and biochemical features with hepatocytes, so probe-related technical issues are applicable to cultured malignant cells as well. This study therefore analyzed the in vitro properties of DCFH2-DA in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells and differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cells) to identify methodological and technical features that could impair proper data analysis and interpretation. The main issues that were found and should therefore be accounted for in experimental design include the following: (1) both DCFH2-DA and DCF are taken up rapidly, (2) DCF is poorly retained in the cytosol and exits the cell, (3) the rate of DCFH2 oxidation is cell type-specific, (4) DCF fluorescence intensity is pH-dependent at pH < 7, and (5) the stability of DCFH2-DA in cell culture medium relies on medium composition. Based on the findings, the conditions for the use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte cell lines were optimized. Finally, the optimized protocol was reduced to practice and DCFH2-DA was applied to visualize and quantify oxidative stress in real time in HepG2 cells subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation as a source of reactive transients. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) published new progress about 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ferreira, Lorena Lopes published the artcileIdentification of a non-host semiochemical from tick-resistant donkeys (Equus asinus) against Amblyomma sculptum ticks., Name: Ethyl octanoate, the main research area is (E)-2-octenal; Allomone; Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato; Donkey; Non-host; Repellent.

Amblyomma sculptum is a tick affecting animal and human health across Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Donkeys, Equus asinus, are known to be resistant to A. sculptum, suggesting that they can produce non-host tick semiochemicals (allomones), as already demonstrated for some other vertebrate host/pest interactions, whereas horses, Equus caballus, are considered as susceptible hosts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that donkeys produce natural repellents against A. sculptum, by collecting sebum from donkeys and horses, collecting the odour from sebum extracts, and identifying donkey-specific volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the complex collected blends, five main compounds were identified in both species. Hexanal, heptanal and (E)-2-decenal were found predominantly in donkey extracts, whilst ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were found predominantly in horse extracts. One compound, (E)-2-octenal, was detected exclusively in donkey extracts. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays 36 different A. sculptum nymphs were tested for each extract, compound and concentration. The dry sebum extracts and the compounds identified in both species induced neither attraction nor repellency. Only (E)-2-octenal, the donkey-specific compound, displayed repellency, with more nymphs preferring the arm containing the solvent control when the compound was presented in the test arm across four concentrations tested (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). A combination of a tick attractant (ammonia) and (E)-2-octenal at 0.25 M also resulted in preference for the control arm (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). The use of semiochemicals (allomones) identified from less-preferred hosts in tick management has been successful for repelling brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from dog hosts. These results indicate that (E)-2-octenal could be used similarly to interfere in tick host location and be developed for use in reducing A. sculptum numbers on animal and human hosts. Ticks and tick-borne diseases published new progress about (E)-2-octenal; Allomone; Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato; Donkey; Non-host; Repellent. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Name: Ethyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mishra, Vidyanshu published the artcileSemiconducting Sm3GaSe5O with trigonal bipyramidal GaSe5 units, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is semiconducting samarium GaSe oxygen trigonal bipyramidal unit space group.

The oxyselenide Sm3GaSe5O was prepared by reaction of Sm2O3, Sm, Ga2Se3, and Se at 950 °C. It adopts a new monoclinic structure type (space group P21/m, a = 11.042(9) Å, b = 3.9761(3) Å, c = 21.2458(17) Å, β = 92.2436(14)°, Z = 4) built up of Sm-Se, Sm-O, and Ga-Se blocks. GaSe5 trigonal bipyramids, which are unprecedented, are the most unusual feature of this structure. Electronic structure calculations corroborate the occurrence of primarily ionic bonding within the Sm-Se and Sm-O blocks and covalent bonding within the Ga-Se blocks. Optical measurements reveal a nearly direct band gap of 1.2 eV, narrower than those of many other oxychalcogenides.

Journal of Solid State Chemistry published new progress about Band gap. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics