Esters-buliding-blocks

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual FFA1 (GPR40)/PPARδ agonists as potential anti-diabetic agents was written by Li, Zheng;Hu, Lijun;Wang, Xuekun;Zhou, Zongtao;Deng, Liming;Xu, Yawen;Zhang, Luyong. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2019.Application of 14667-47-1 This article mentions the following:

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) were considered as potential anti-diabetic targets, and the dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists might provide synergistic effect in insulin secretion and sensibility. Herein, we further develop dual agonists by screening 7 series of heterocycles, resulting in the discovery of compound 19 with considerable oral pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 19 exhibited a balanced potency between FFA1 and PPARδ, and high selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ. Moreover, compound 19 exerted improved glucose-lowering effects and insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner, which might be attributed to its dual effects to simultaneously regulate insulin secretion and resistance. Our results extended the existing chem. space, and provided a potent tool compound 19. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Application of 14667-47-1).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application of 14667-47-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Studies on complex lipids. Synthesis of ionophoric derivatives of diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) was written by Kuz’mina, Yu. V.;Kaplun, A. P.;Shvets, V. I.;Saenko, V. A.;Egorova, E. M.. And the article was included in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya in 1988.Formula: C13H24O4 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of cardiolipin analogs containing a dibenzo-18-crown-6 ionophore residue in the fatty acid moiety, e.g. I (R = fatty acid residue), is described. The ionophore is incorporated into the second position of the glycerol residue by acylating mono- and dilysocardiolipin with a modified fatty acid anhydride. Lyso derivatives of cardiolipin have been prepared by enzymic hydrolysis of beef heart cardiolipin by snake venom phospholipase A₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Formula: C13H24O4).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C13H24O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors of human cyclophilin A was written by Guichou, Jean-Francois;Viaud, Julien;Mettling, Clement;Subra, Guy;Lin, Yea-Lih;Chavanieu, Alain. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.HPLC of Formula: 16413-26-6 This article mentions the following:

Cyclophilin A is involved in many cellular processes, including protein folding and intracellular transports. Because cyclophilin A has been shown to interact with HIV-1 gag proteins and to enhance the viral infectivity, nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin A ligands may represent a new class of therapeutic agents against HIV. In this paper, a virtual screening using structure- and pharmacophore-based design to identify original nonpeptidic cyclophilin ligands is reported. Following a lead identification of compounds 1-(3-benzyloxypyridin-2-yl)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)urea [I; R¹ = H, R² = Cl (II)] and 1-(3-benzyloxypyridin-2-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea [I; R¹ = H, R² = CF₃ (III)] (IC₅₀ = 0.3 μM), a series of mols. were synthesized from a diarylurea scaffold and evaluated for their in vitro ability to inhibit the cis-trans isomerase activity of cyclophilin A. Mol. modifications provided several more potent compounds, in particular analogs I (R¹ = NO₂, R² = H) and I (R¹ = CO₂Et, R² = H) with IC₅₀ of 14 and 20 nM, resp. Then, the effect of analogs II and III (R¹ = H, R² = CF₃) on HIV virion infectivity in both immortalized and primary cells was evaluated. Both II and III reduced virion infectivity in the replication-defective one-round infection assay, but only II impaired wild-type HIV infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6HPLC of Formula: 16413-26-6).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 16413-26-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Untargeted fingerprinting of cider volatiles from different geographical regions by HS-SPME/GC-MS was written by Perestrelo, Rosa;Silva, Catarina L.;Silva, Pedro;Medina, Sonia;Pereira, Regina;Camara, Jose S.. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2019.Product Details of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

The volat. fingerprint of ciders produced in different geog. regions from Madeira Island was established using headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) in order to explore the effects of geog. region on the volatile pattern ciders in addition to identify potential mol. geog. markers. A total of 107 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chem. families were identified from which 50 VOCs are common to all ciders analyzed. Significant differences in the relative content of VOCs from ciders of different geog. regions were observed The potential of the identified VOCs for ciders discrimination according to region was assessed through chemometric tools, such as principal components anal. (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant anal. (PLS-DA). The PCA showed significant differences among ciders from different island geog. regions. Fifteen VOCs responsible for ciders discrimination were identified by PLS-DA. Fifteen VOCs, namely five terpenoids, four alcs., three acids and three esters, present variable importance in projection (VIP) values higher than one. Our findings provide relevant information related to volatile signature of ciders produced in Madeira Island, which may be a useful tool to cider-making process contributing to improve the quality of the final product. In addition, the geog. discrimination recognizes the unique and distinctive characteristics that will allow in the future to protect the quality and typicity of products originating in certain geog. regions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Product Details of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Product Details of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cyclization of 5-alkynones with chromium alkylidene equivalents generated in-situ from gem-dichromiomethanes was written by Murai, Masahito;Taniguchi, Ryuji;Kurogi, Takashi;Shunsuke, Moritani;Takai, Kazuhiko. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate This article mentions the following:

A rare example of cyclization with 5-alkynones, which possess non-polar alkynyl and less electrophilic polar keto carbonyl groups, was demonstrated. The key to promoting carbene/alkyne metathesis followed by alkylidenation with pendant C=O double bonds was the Schrock-type nucleophilic reactivity of the generated chromium carbene equivalent from readily available diiodomethanes and CrCl₂ by simple heating. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Application In Synthesis of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improvement of the activity of arylmalonate decarboxylase by random mutagenesis was written by Terao, Y.;Miyamoto, K.;Ohta, H.. And the article was included in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in 2006.Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

Arylmalonate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.76) catalyzes enantioselective decarboxylation of α-aryl-α-methylmalonates to give optically pure α-arylpropionates. Recently, we have succeeded in creating a double mutant enzyme that gave opposite enantionmer as the product. Unfortunately, however, the activity of the mutant decreased far lower than that of the native enzyme. Thus, we performed the directed evolution of the mutant via the random mutagenesis method employing the mutator strain Escherichia coli XL1-Red. About 50,000 mutants were screened on color assay plate, and one mutant with higher activity was obtained. Gene anal. of this mutant indicated that the obtained enzyme had an S36N mutation in addition to its original G74C/C188S mutations. The activity of the triple mutant enzyme was tenfold higher than that of the starting doubly mutated enzyme. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pushing the Limits of Detection of Weak Binding Using Fragment-Based Drug Discovery: Identification of New Cyclophilin Binders was written by Georgiou, Charis;McNae, Iain;Wear, Martin;Ioannidis, Harris;Michel, Julien;Walkinshaw, Malcolm. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Biology in 2017.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Fragment-based drug discovery is an increasingly popular method to identify novel small-mol. drug candidates. One of the limitations of the approach is the difficulty of accurately characterizing weak binding events. This work reports a combination of X-ray diffraction, surface plasmon resonance experiments and mol. dynamics simulations for the characterization of binders to different isoforms of the cyclophilin (Cyp) protein family. Although several Cyp inhibitors have been reported in the literature, it has proven challenging to achieve high binding selectivity for different isoforms of this protein family. The present studies have led to the identification of several structurally novel fragments that bind to diverse Cyp isoforms in distinct pockets with low millimolar dissociation constants A detailed comparison of the merits and drawbacks of the exptl. and computational techniques is presented, and emerging strategies for designing ligands with enhanced isoform specificity are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An improved synthesis of β-keto ester units in didemnins, using 2,2′-carbonylbis(3,5-dioxo-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine) was written by Jouin, Patrick;Poncet, Joel;Dufour, Marie Noelle;Maugras, Isabelle;Pantaloni, Antoine;Castro, Bertrand. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1988.Application In Synthesis of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

Activation of N-protected α-amino acids and O-protected α-hydroxy acids ROH [R = Boc-Phe, Z-D–allo-Ile, Z-Val, Boc-MeIle, (S)-Me₂CHCH(OAc)CO, Boc-Pro; Boc = Me₃CO₂C; Z = PhCH₂O₂C] with the title agent gave activated intermediates I in 80-98% yields. Alkylation of I with Li enolates of EtOAc or Me₃CSCOEt gave, after hydrolysis, keto esters RCH₂CO₂Et [R = Boc-Phe, Z-D–allo-Ile (II), Z-Val, Boc-MeIle] and RCHMeCOSCMe₃ [R = (S)-Me₂CHCH(OAc)CO (III), Boc-Pro] in 75-95% yields. Reduction of II with NaBH₄ gave isostatine derivative (3S,4R,5S)-EtO₂CCH₂CH(OH)CH(NHZ)CHMeEt (IV). III and IV are intermediate in the preparation of cyclodepsipeptide didemnin B. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Application In Synthesis of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application In Synthesis of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cu(I)-NHC-Catalyzed (2 + 3)-Annulation of Tetramic Acids with 2H-Azirines: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles was written by Rostovskii, Nikolai V.;Sakharov, Pavel A.;Novikov, Mikhail S.;Khlebnikov, Alexander F.;Starova, Galina L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A stereoselective and high-yield synthesis of hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrroles I [R¹ = PMB, H, Bn, Ph, Ac, etc.; R² = H, Me; R¹R² = (CH₂)₃; R³ = Ph, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-OMeC₆H₄, CO₂Me, 2-thienyl; R⁴ = 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-OMeC₆H₄, 4-NO₂C₆H₄, Ph; R⁵ = H, Me, Ph] from tetramic acids and 2H-azirines under Cu(I)-NHC catalysis is developed. An unusual N-C2 azirine bond cleavage, initiated by a copper enolate, was rationalized in terms of a free radical reaction mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biomarker Metabolites Discriminate between Physiological States of Field, Cave and White-nose Syndrome Diseased Bats was written by Doty, Anna C.;Wilson, A. Dan;Forse, Lisa B.;Risch, Thomas S.. And the article was included in Sensors in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Anal. of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions using electronic-nose (e-nose) devices has shown promise for early detection of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats. Tricolored bats, Perimyotis subflavus, from three sep. sampling groups defined by environmental conditions, levels of phys. activity, and WNS-disease status were captured temporarily for collection of VOC emissions to determine relationships between these combinations of factors and physiol. states, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd)-infection status, and metabolic conditions. Physiol. active (non-torpid) healthy individuals were captured outside of caves in Arkansas and Louisiana. In addition, healthy and WNS-diseased torpid bats were sampled within caves in Arkansas. Whole-body VOC emissions from bats were collected using portable air-collection and sampling-chamber devices in tandem. Electronic aroma-detection data using three-dimensional Principal Component Anal. provided strong evidence that the three groups of bats had significantly different e-nose aroma signatures, indicative of different VOC profiles. This was confirmed by differences in peak numbers, peak areas, and tentative chem. identities indicated by chromatograms from dual-column GC-analyses. The numbers and quantities of VOCs present in whole-body emissions from physiol. active healthy field bats were significantly greater than those of torpid healthy and diseased cave bats. Specific VOCs were identified as chem. biomarkers of healthy and diseased states, environmental conditions (outside and inside of caves), and levels of physiol. activity. These results suggest that GC/E-nose dual-technologies based on VOC-detection and analyses of physiol. states, provide noninvasive alternative means for early assessments of Pd-infection, WNS-disease status, and other physiol. states. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics