Esters-buliding-blocks

Antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of a novel repaglinide analog was written by Foroumadi, Roham;Baeeri, Maryam;Asgarian, Sara;Emamgholipour, Zahra;Goli, Fereshteh;Firoozpour, Loghman;Keykhaei, Mohammad;Gholami, Mahdi;Dehpour, Ahmad R.;Abdollahi, Mohammad;Foroumadi, Alireza. And the article was included in Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology in 2022.Computed Properties of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Repaglinide (RPG) is an oral insulin secretagogue used in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, a new RPG analog was synthesized. Its antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects on dorsal root ganglions (DRG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were examined compared to RPG. To assess the effects of 2-methoxy-4-(2-((3-methyl-1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)butyl)amino)-2-oxoethoxy)benzoic acid (OXR), the impact of OXR on oxidative stress biomarkers, motor function, and the expression of the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), SLC2A2/glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucokinase (GCK) genes in STZ-induced diabetic rats were assessed. DRGs were examined histol. using hemotoxylin and eosin staining. Mol. docking was used to investigate the interactions between OXR and the binding site of RPG, the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. Following 5 wk of treatment, OXR significantly increased the level of total antioxidant power, decreased reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in the DRGs of diabetic rats. OXR restored STZ-induced pathophysiol. damages in DRG tissues. Administration of OXR improved motor function of rats with diabetic neuropathy. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg OXR reduced blood glucose while promoting insulin, mainly through upregulation of mRNA expression of GLUD1, GLUT2, and GCK in the pancreas. Mol. docking revealed a favorable binding mode of OXR to the KATP channel. In conclusion, OXR has neuroprotective effects in diabetic rats by lowering oxidative stress, lowering blood glucose, and stimulating insulin secretion. We report that 0.5 mg/kg OXR administration was the most effective concentration of the compound in this study. OXR may be a promising target for further research on neuroprotective antidiabetic mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8Computed Properties of C9H10O4).

Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecular characterization of an atypical coconut-like odor in cocoa was written by Porcelli, Caterina;Steinhaus, Martin. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Parallel application of an aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA) to the volatiles isolated from a sample of fermented cocoa with an atypically pronounced coconut note and to the volatiles isolated from a reference cocoa sample revealed coconut-like smelling compounds δ-octalactone, δ-2-octenolactone, γ-nonalactone, γ-decalactone, δ-decalactone, and δ-2-decenolactone as potential causative odorants. Quantitation of these six compounds and calculation of odor activity values as ratios of the concentrations to the odor threshold values suggested δ-2-decenolactone as the crucial compound Chiral anal. showed the presence of pure (R)-δ-2-decenolactone, commonly referred to as massoia lactone. Its key role for the coconut note was finally demonstrated in a spiking experiment: the addition of (R)-δ-2-decenolactone to the reference cocoa in an amount corresponding to the concentration difference between the two samples was able to provoke a coconut note in an intensity comparable to the one in the atypically smelling cocoa. To avoid an undesired coconut note caused by (R)-δ-2-decenolactone in the final products, the chocolate industry may consider its odor threshold value, that is 100μg/kg, as a potential limit for the acceptance of fermented cocoa in the incoming goods inspection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Electric Literature of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

N-acylhydrazones containing thiophene nucleus: a new anticancer class was written by Cardoso, Laura N. F.;Nogueira, Thais C. M.;Rodrigues, Felipe A. R.;Oliveira, Augusto Cesar Aragao;Luciano, Maria Claudia dos Santos;Pessoa, Claudia;de Souza, Marcus V. N.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2017.COA of Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

In this study, the authors present a series of N-acylhydrazones containing thiophene nuclei as a new anticancer class. Fifty-seven compounds in this series were evaluated for their activity against four human cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity (IC₅₀) ranged from 0.82 to 12.90 μM. The compound (E)-N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide displayed good cytotoxic activity in all cell lines (IC₅₀ = 0.82-5.36 μM) and yielded the best result in this series; therefore, it is an important lead compound in this new class. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9COA of Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elucidation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of selected plant-based mayonnaise-derived essential oils against lactic acid bacteria was written by Munoz-Gonzalez, Rodrigo;Pino, Carla;Henriquez, Hector;Villanueva, Francisca;Riquelme, Angeline;Montealegre, Romina;Agostini, Davide;Batista-Gonzalez, Ana;Leiva, Gabriela;Contreras, Rodrigo A.. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Electric Literature of C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

There is significant growth in the market for plant-based products at the com. level in recent times. One of the biggest challenges of this industry is to find consumer-approved natural preservatives that can control the microorganism proliferation found in plant-based products. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of several essential oils against Lactobacillus parabuchneri, a lactic acid bacterium found in plant-based mayonnaise. We show that the oregano-derived essential oil had the highest in vitro and in food antimicrobial activity against L. parabuchneri and had minimal impact on the organoleptic properties of mayonnaise. Physicochem. anal. of the oils revealed volatile compounds to be the most prominent ingredients. Addnl., the clove and cinnamon essential oils showed the highest antioxidant activity, which could be attributed to their degrees of phenolic content. These results collectively indicated the potential application of essential oils as preservatives for plant-based mayonnaises. Novelty impact statement : The market for plant-based products is growing sustained and consumers are increasingly concerned with quality and demand clean labeling. The present research shows an alternative based on essential oils for the control of lactic acid bacteria in mayonnaise-like dressings to avoid deterioration and offer a clean label. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Electric Literature of C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anionic translocation in mitochondria. I. Transport of inorganic phosphate and dicarboxylic acids was written by Lofrumento, N. E.;Zanotti, F.. And the article was included in Bollettino – Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale in 1975.Formula: C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

N-ethylmalimide (I) had no effect on the exchange of phosphate or on phosphate-malate exchange across the liver mitochondrial membrane. Bu malonate (II) inhibited only the phosphate-malate exchange reaction. Both reactions were almost entirely inhibited by I plus II. The malate-succinate exchange was noncompetitively inhibited by II, whereas I stimulated the efflux of malate. Under equilibrium conditions, I had no influence on the succinate-induced efflux of malate but it abolished the inhibitory effect of II. Thus, the internal mitochondrial membrane probably contain only a single system for the transport of both inorganic phosphate and dicarboxylic acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Formula: C11H20O4).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ultrasonic-Assisted condensation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with 3-(Thiophen-2-yl)-5-Pyrazolone: Synthesis, characterization and Stereoselective application was written by Rizk, Hala F.;Noser, Ahmed A.;Ibrahim, Seham A.;Fares, Amira K.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry.Electric Literature of C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

A green and efficient protocol for a one-pot condensation of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in different ratios to synthesize novel heterocyclic compounds containing pyrazolone and pyranopyrazole moieties was developed. The reactions were conducted using the ultrasonic and traditional methods. The sonication ensured more efficiency in the rate and yield of the reactions. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by different spectroscopic methods. Addnl., an enantioselective synthesis of (R)- and (S)-α-alkylated acid was achieved using 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one as chiral auxiliary, (S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol the aggregation pheromone of red palm weevil was efficiently prepared and used for trapping the red palm weevil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Electric Literature of C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Donor-acceptor 2D covalent organic frameworks for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic α-oxyamination was written by Liu, Huan;Yan, Xiaoli;Chen, Weiben;Xie, Zhen;Li, Shen;Chen, Weihua;Zhang, Ting;Xing, Guolong;Chen, Long. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received widespread interest due to their high porosity, excellent crystallinity, tailorable structures, and broad application prospects. It has been demonstrated that proper combination and arrangement of electron donor and acceptor units in 2D conjugated COF lattice could promote efficient charge separation and electron transfer, and thus is beneficial for photocatalysis. In this article, three donor-acceptor (D-A) 2D COFs were prepared by Schiff base reaction of electron acceptor 4,4â€?4′â€?4′′â€?(benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis(oxazole)-2,4,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline (BBO) with different electron donors: thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (TT), benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde (BDT) and terephthalaldehyde (Ph), resp. These D-A 2D COFs exhibited prominent photocatalytic activity towards α-oxyamination of 1,3-dicarbonyl with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperdinyloxy (TEMPO) upon visible light irradiation Among these D-A_BBO-COFs, D_TT-A_BBO-COF exhibited the highest photocatalytic rates, which can be ascribed to the more neg. HOMO (HOMO) and narrower bandgap. The excellent stability, high activity and superior recyclability render D_TT-A_BBO-COF as a potential and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for α-oxyamination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Synthetic Route of C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids through α-iodination of chiral unsaturated carboxamides and stereoselective iodolactonization was written by Kitagawa, Osamu;Hanano, Tokushi;Kikuchi, Norihiko;Taguchi, Takeo. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1993.Computed Properties of C12H23NO4 This article mentions the following:

The α-iodination reaction of chiral enamides I (R = H, R¹ = H, Me;,R = Me, R¹ = H) possessing (2R,5R)-2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine as a chiral auxiliary proceeded with high diastereoselectivity in the presence of I₂ and s-collidine to give chiral iodides II. II were converted into amino acid derivatives III (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl) without epimerization. The subsequent iodolactonization of III afforded trans-lactones with a relatively high selectivity, e.g. III (R = R¹ = H, n = 2) was converted into lactone IV. IV was converted into unsaturated amino acid derivative V. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Boc-D-Leu-OMe (cas: 133467-01-3Computed Properties of C12H23NO4).

Boc-D-Leu-OMe (cas: 133467-01-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C12H23NO4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationship of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMPDH was written by Singh, Vinayak;Pacitto, Angela;Donini, Stefano;Ferraris, Davide M.;Boros, Sandor;Illyes, Eszter;Szokol, Balint;Rizzi, Menico;Blundell, Tom L.;Ascher, David B.;Pato, Janos;Mizrahi, Valerie. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.SDS of cas: 16413-26-6 This article mentions the following:

In prior work, (cyclohexyl(4-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone) was identified and showed that its anti-tubercular activity is attributable to inhibition of inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study, the structure-activity relationship around (cyclohexyl(4-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone) was explored by synthesizing and evaluating the inhibitory activity of analogs against M. tuberculosis IMPDH in biochem. and whole-cell assays. X-ray crystallog. was performed to elucidate the mode of binding of selected analogs to IMPDH. The importance of the cyclohexyl, piperazine and isoquinoline rings was estabilished for activity and reported the identification of an analog with IMPDH-selective activity against a mutant of M. tuberculosis that is highly resistant to (cyclohexyl(4-(isoquinolin-5-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone). It was showed that the nitrogen in urea analogs is required for anti-tubercular activity and identify benzylurea derivatives as promising inhibitors that warrant further investigation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6SDS of cas: 16413-26-6).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.SDS of cas: 16413-26-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) studies for prediction of genotoxicity of thiophene derivatives was written by Du, Hongying;Wang, Jie;Watzl, June;Zhang, Xiaoyun;Hu, Zhide. And the article was included in Toxicology Letters in 2008.Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

The grid search support vector machine (GS-SVM) was used to build a classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) model and to predict the genotoxicity property of 140 thiophene derivatives with the information derived from the compounds’ mol. structures. The seven descriptors selected by linear discriminant anal. (LDA) were used as the inputs to develop the GS-SVM model. Using the Grid Search method, a satisfactory model with a good predictive capability was obtained. The quality of the models was evaluated by the number of right classified compounds The total accuracy of the LDA model was 81.4% and 85.2% for the training set and test set, resp., and to the GS-SVM model was 92.9% and 92.6%, resp. It was proved that the GS-SVM method was a very useful modeling approach with good classification ability for the genotoxicity of the thiophene derivatives This work also provides a new idea and an alternative method to investigate the genotoxicity of the similar structures with thiophene derivatives, and can be extended to other toxicity studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics