Esters-buliding-blocks

Changes of apple fruit volatile profiles induced by fresh bruise at early stage was written by Chen, Qing;Qin, Wenhao;She, Mengqi;Chen, Siyu;Wang, Fang;Tan, Zuojun. And the article was included in Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (Bratislava, Slovakia) in 2021.Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate This article mentions the following:

Fresh bruise of apple is a major postharvest problem, which is easily ignored at early stage and can develop into more serious external bruise as the time goes on. In this study, we investigated changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of apples with fresh bruise during 0-24 h. For this purpose, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. A total of 43 aroma compounds were identified in apple, consisting of 8 carbonyl compounds, 23 esters, 5 alcs., 5 terpenes and 2 other compounds The data of VOCs were subjected to partial least squares discriminant anal., which showed that 12 h might be the optimum time for apple quality maintenance after fresh bruise. The content of VOCs in bruised tissues showed a significant increase, while they were basically unchanged in healthy tissues. The content of carbonyl compounds increased during 0-24 h, in particular C6 and C9 aldehydes. The content of (3E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene was increased. The results of this study may help top to understand the metabolic disorder and quality maintenance after fresh bruise in apple fruits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New amphiphilic platinum(II) phthalocyanine with peracetylated β-galactose moiety – Synthesis and photophysical properties was written by Volov, Alexander N.;Volov, Nikolai A.;Burtsev, Ivan D.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2021.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of new glycoconjugated phthalonitrile connected with galactose moiety by triazole spacer via Cu(II)-mediated click reaction is reported. Reaction of azido derivatives of β-D-galactopyranose tetraacetate with 4-O-propargyloxy-substituted phthalonitrile in presence copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate and sodium L-ascorbate in tert-butanol/water gave desired glycophthalonitrile with 79% yield. Obtained phthalonitrile underwent mixed-cyclization with the 4-tert-butyl-substituted phthalonitrile, to afford the mono-glycosylated platinum(II) phthalocyanine. Upon irradiation these compounds could sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen in acetone, with 0.90 quantum yield by method with use of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as scavenger. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct and indirect monomer elution from an RBC product family was written by Durner, Juergen;Schrickel, Klaus;Watts, David C.;Becker, Marc;Draenert, Miriam E.. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

To develop a model for quant. comparison of elutable substances by direct elution from resin-bonded composite (RBC) test specimens vs. indirect elutability of substances from RBC-restored teeth. Furthermore, it was to be investigated whether the different composites of the Tetric RBC product family release different types and amounts of substances.Four different composite materials from the Tetric product family were studied. For each material subgroup ten human third molar teeth were prepared with standard Class-I occlusal cavities. These ′tooth group′ specimens were provided with a three-step adhesive system (incorporating TEGDMA) and the resp. composite restoration. Same sized control specimens, of each RBC restorative material, were prepared (′direct RBC′ groups). All specimens were placed in individual elution chambers such that the elution media (ethanol/water, 3:1) only came into contact with either the tooth root or 3/4 height of the ′direct RBC′ materials. They were incubated at 37 °C for up to 7 d. Samples of the eluant were taken after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d and were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatog./mass spectrometry.Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate (bisEMA), bisphenol A glycidyldimethacrylate (bisGMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEEGDMA), decan-1,10-diol dimethacrylate (DDDMA) were mostly found in the eluates of the ′direct RBC′ groups in statistically significantly greater amounts than in the eluates of the ′tooth groups′. Such quant. differences were also the case with eluates containing bisphenol A (BPA), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and drometrizole, which are common in the environment. In contrast to the behavior found with all the other monomers, up to 3 orders of magnitude more triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was found in the ′tooth groups′ compared to the ′direct RBC′ groups, evidently released by the adhesive system.The release of most of the substances was clearly delayed in the ′tooth groups′ indicative of their chronic, rather than acute, elution to the oral environment. A barrier function of the residual dentin layer and the adhesion layer can be inferred. The different release patterns of substances from the various composites of the RBC product family is a manifestation of their different and indication-specific compositions Consideration of an overall restorative care (RBC plus adhesive) system, when assessing the total amount of released substances, is emphasized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Computed Properties of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Computed Properties of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of composts and potassium sulphate on root rot incidence, morphological growth, yield components, oil content and constitutes of marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.) was written by Eisa, El-Sayed E. A.;Meligy, Manal M.;Ziedan, El- Sayed H. E.. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology in 2022.Product Details of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Isolation of root rot tissue of diseased marjoram plants, yielded isolates fungal genera of Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Isolates of F. monoliforme and F. oxysporum, causing the highest root rot percentage and disease severity of marjoram plants in pot experiment In the field, soil amendement with either composts of sugarcane bagasse, soybean straw and rice straw and in combination with potassium sulfate at (50 or 75 kg/feddan.). Obtained indicated that, application of rice straw compost in combination with potassium sulfate (K2O) at 75 kg was the best treatment reduced root rot incidence of marjoram plants and highly significantly increased, plant height, fresh and dry weigh, yield components, content and percentage of essential oil as well in volatile oil high percentage of terpinene -4-ol (42.9%). Meanwhile, the high percentage of linalyl acetate (34.6%) in the application of (K2O) at 75 kg/feddan combined with soybean compost and carvacrol (32.3%) in the application of (K2O) at 75 kg/feddan. So, integration application of composts with (K2O) could be used as alternative strategies to fungicides for controlling root rot disease in marjoram, enhanching plant growth, yield components and constitutes of essential oil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Product Details of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of the Oxidation of Rice Husks with Sodium Hypochlorite Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry was written by Wang, Shou-Ze;Fan, Xing;Zheng, Ai-Li;Lu, Yao;Wei, Xian-Yong;Zhao, Yun-Peng;Wang, Rui-Yu;Dou, You-Quan;Wang, Ying-Hua;Wang, Chu-Fan;Zhang, Fan;Shen, Yong;Li, Chun-Yan;Liu, Zheng;Liu, De-Ying. And the article was included in Analytical Letters in 2014.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

Rice husk powder was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution under mild conditions with different reaction times. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and direct anal. in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) were used to analyze the oxidation products. Results showed that oxidation was a feasible way to depolymerize the macromols. in the biomass and convert hydroxyl groups to carboxyl groups. In total, 113 organic compounds in oxidation products with mol. mass less than 500 Da were identified using GC-MS. As an ambient ionization technique, DART-MS was applied to the determination of biomass derivatives and revealed mass distribution and mol. structure information for the rice husk oxidation products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Composition and insecticide potential against Tribolium castaneum of the fractionated essential oil from the flowers of the Tunisian endemic plant Ferula tunetana Pomel ex Batt was written by Baccari, Wiem;Znati, Mansour;Zardi-Bergaoui, Afifa;Chaieb, Ikbel;Flamini, Guido;Ascrizzi, Roberta;Ben Jannet, Hichem. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

For several years, plant derived substances, in particular essential oils, have been the subject of increasing attention in their safe and ecofriendly application to crops, as a powerful alternative to chem. insecticides. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from flowers of Ferula tunetana, a Tunisian endemic plant, was investigated for the first time for its chem. profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. The anal. by gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) led to determine 92.8-99.1% of the total oil (FEO) and its fractions (F₁-F₁₂) obtained every 15 min during the hydrodistillation process. The chem. anal. allowed to identify 77 compounds a-Pinene (14.3%), a monoterpene hydrocarbon, was the major compound of the raw essential oil. Relatively high amounts of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.9-76.8%) were detected, consisting mainly of epi-α-muurolol (3.6-9.5%), himachalol (6.8%) and β-chenopodiol (5.1-7.1%). Regarding the repellency assay, results demonstrated that flowers essential oil of F. tunetana and its fractions displayed interesting repellent property (93%). The median LD (LD₅₀) of the topical application of the oil was 10.44%. Fumigation with the raw essential oil gave a LD₅₀ of 161.89μL/L air. The overall data suggest that the F. tunetana essential oil might be used to protect stored products from pest attacks, but further studies are needed in order to better understand the synergistic relationship between the phytochems. contained in the essential oil. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lipase immobilization on hyroxypropyl methyl cellulose support and its applications for chemo-selective synthesis of β-amino ester compounds was written by Badgujar, Kirtikumar C.;Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.. And the article was included in Process Biochemistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2016.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The present study carried out the synthesis of β-amino ester compounds using lipase immobilized on hyroxypropyl Me cellulose (HMC) support. Initially various lipases (biocatalysts) from different origins were immobilized and subsequently screened to obtain a robust biocatalyst. The lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) immobilized on HMC displayed the highest lipase activity, protein content and retention of activity. Phys. and biochem. characterization verified immobilization of lipase PFL on the HMC support. This immobilized biocatalyst HMC:PFL (3.5:1) was successfully applied for the practical biocatalytic synthesis of a variety of β-amino esters. Eight reaction parameters were optimized in detail to achieve the maximum yield and chemo-selectivity. The developed biocatalytic protocol was successfully applied to synthesize different industrially important β-amino esters compounds (21 substrates) with an excellent yield (>90%) and remarkable chemo selectivity (>94%). Interestingly, the immobilized HMC:PFL lipase showed 2.1-2.5 fold higher bio-catalytic activity and five times recyclability as compared to the free PFL. A plausible mechanism for lipase catalyzed synthesis of β-amino ester compounds was also proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3-(cyclopentylamino)propanoate (cas: 754125-43-4Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 3-(cyclopentylamino)propanoate (cas: 754125-43-4) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Regioselective reaction of fluorinated aryllithium reagents and carbon disulfide in cyclopentyl methyl ether: Efficient synthesis of dithioesters and liquid crystal compounds having a difluoromethyleneoxy moiety was written by Maebayashi, Haruki;Araki, Keisuke;Fuchigami, Tsugumichi;Gotoh, Yasuyuki;Inoue, Munenori. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

Regioselective reaction (carbophilic over thiophilic attack) of several (o-fluorophenyl)lithium reagents RLi (R = Ph, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorophenyl, etc.) with carbon disulfide was achieved to furnish dithioesters RC(S)SCH2C6H5in good yields after alkylation, which are useful precursors of liquid crystal compound (I) having a difluoromethyleneoxy (-CF2O-) group. Running the reaction in the presence of a copper(I) salt catalyst and cyclopentyl Me ether as a solvent is optimal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Synthetic Route of C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expression of a fungal exo-β-1,3-galactanase in Arabidopsis reveals a role of type II arabinogalactans in the regulation of cell shape was written by Yoshimi, Yoshihisa;Hara, Katsuya;Yoshimura, Mami;Tanaka, Nobukazu;Higaki, Takumi;Tsumuraya, Yoichi;Kotake, Toshihisa. And the article was included in Journal of Experimental Botany in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of plant extracellular proteoglycans implicated in many physiol. events. AGP is decorated with type II arabinogalactans (AGs) consisting of a β-1,3-galactan backbone and β-1,6-galactan side chains, to which other sugars are attached. Based on the fact that a type II AG-specific inhibitor, β-Yariv reagent, perturbs growth and development, it has been proposed that type II AGs participate in the regulation of cell shape and tissue organization. However, the mechanisms by which type II AGs participate have not yet been established. Here, we describe a novel system that causes specific degradation of type II AGs in Arabidopsis, by which a gene encoding a fungal exo-β-1,3-galactanase that specifically hydrolyzes β-1,3-galactan backbones of type II AGs is expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. Dexamethasone treatment increased the galactanase activity, leading to a decrease in Yariv reagent-reactive AGPs in transgenic Arabidopsis. We detected the typical oligosaccharides released from type II AGs by Il3GAL in the soluble fraction, demonstrating that Il3GAL acted on type II AG in the transgenic plants. Addnl., this resulted in severe tissue disorganization in the hypocotyl and cotyledons, suggesting that the degradation of type II AGs affected the regulation of cell shape. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of key aroma compounds in Xinjiang dried figs (Ficus carica L.) by GC-MS, GC-olfactometry, odor activity values, and sensory analyses was written by Yao, Lingyun;Mo, Yifan;Chen, Da;Feng, Tao;Song, Shiqing;Wang, Huatian;Sun, Min. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Xinjiang is the main production area of figs in China. In this work, three different methods (SDE, SAFE, and SPME) were employed to extract the volatile compounds from Xinjiang dried figs. The exactions were then analyzed using aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA) based on gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O). Seventy-five aroma-active compounds were identified with flavor dilutions (FD) factors ranging from 1 to 2187. Aroma compounds with odor activity value (OAV) greater than 10 were subsequently used in aroma reconstitution and omission experiments Based on instrumental anal. and sensory evaluation, 22 compounds were identified as the key aroma compounds and eight of these were evaluated as the most important aroma contributors of Xinjiang dried figs, including heptanal, nonanal, linalool, benzyl benzoate, styrene, eugenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and vanillin. Moreover, three volatile components, including 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and ortho-guaiacol, were identified as key aroma compounds of dried figs and have not been reported previously. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics