Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Nickel-Catalyzed C-H Trifluoromethylation of Electron-Rich Heteroarenes was written by Wu, Yun;Zhang, Hao-Ran;Jin, Ruo-Xing;Lan, Quan;Wang, Xi-Sheng. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2016.Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The first example of a nickel-catalyzed C-H trifluoromethylation of electron-rich heteroarenes, including imidazopyridines, indoles and thiophenes, has been developed with the com. available and relatively inexpensive industrial raw material iodotrifluoromethane (CF₃I) as the trifluoromethylating reagent. The synthetic potential of this method is demonstrated by its successful application to the direct trifluoromethylation of the biol. active mols. melatonin and zolmitriptan. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enantiomer distribution of major chiral volatile organic compounds in botrytized grapes and wines was written by Machynakova, Andrea;Khvalbota, Liudmyla;Spanik, Ivan. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Reference of 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

In this study, volatile organic compounds in healthy and botrytized grape berries, as well as highly botrytized wines (Tokaj selection essences) were characterized by solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatog. connected to mass spectrometry anal. In total, more than 95 compounds were detected in uninfected grape berries, while botrytization significantly increased number of VOC in given grape variety. The number of detected compounds in Hungarian Tokaj selection essence (206) was doubled compare to Slovak ones. The identified compounds belong to various chem. classes such as higher alcs. followed by carbonyls, furans and terpenoids in grapes and esters of carboxylic acids as well alc. in botrytized wines. Seven chiral compounds (α-terpineol, hotrienol, limonene, di-Et malate, 2,3-butanediol and whiskey lactones) were selected for further chiral separation Botrytization influenced enantiomer ratio of studied terpenes in grapes of all varieties. The enantiomer distribution of α-terpineol was influenced by used wine processing technol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Reference of 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oil of Ammi crinitum Guss. (Apiaceae) endemic of Sicily (Italy) was written by D′Agostino, Giulia;Cicio, Adele;Vaglica, Alessandro;Ilardi, Vincenzo;Bruno, Maurizio. And the article was included in Natural Product Research.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Ammi L. is a small genus of economically important plants belonging to Apiaceae family that includes only six taxa. In the present study the chem. composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Ammi crinitum Guss., a very rare plant, endemic of Sicily, was analyzed by GC-MS. No previously paper has been published on this species. The results showed the presence of large quantity of monoterpene hydrocarbons with sabinene (63.9%), as the most abundant component. Other metabolites present in good quantity were γ-terpinene (8.0%), and 4-terpineol (3.7%). Based on the composition of the essential oil of all the other Ammi taxa, several considerations have been carried out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bronsted acid catalyzed amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by iminoiodanes was written by Tejo, Ciputra;Yeo, Hui Quan;Chan, Philip Wai Hong. And the article was included in Synlett in 2014.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A synthetic method to aminate 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with PhI:NTs using Bronsted acid catalysis is described herein. The method was shown to be applicable to β-keto esters and phosphonates as well as 1,3-diones, providing the corresponding α,α-acyl amino acid derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. E.g., amination of PhCOCH₂CO₂Et with PhI:NTs in the presence of 10 mol% of TFA and 4 Å MS in dichloromethane at 0 °C for 90 min gave 85% aminated product I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolomics and volatile fingerprint of yeast fermented robusta coffee: A value added coffee was written by Prakash, Inderjit;R, Shankar S.;P, Sneha H.;Kumar, Punil;Om, Hari;Basavaraj, K.;Murthy, Pushpa S.. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

Coffee fermentation is pivotal in post-harvest process to attain quality brew. Exploration of improved coffee profile was carried out by solid state fermentation with Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starter (Y) on Robusta coffee (CXR variety). The microbial ecol., metabolism, volatomics and organoleptics of Y along with natural fermentation (NF) were evaluated. The proximate composition of mucilage was recorded to have 43.3 Kcal/100g. Fermentation was accelerated by Y populace (13 cfu log/g). The fermentation with Y was 52 h and NF 60h. The green beans displayed 12% moisture, uniform color, size and shape. Changes in alkaloids and chlorogenic acid content were insignificant. The GC-MS accorded addnl. 10 compounds in Y green coffee (GC), contributing 50.62% of total volatiles compared to NF. The aldehydes (30.1%), alcs. (13.8%), fatty acids (10.7%), and carboxylic acids (10%) are the major volatiles in Y fermented GC followed by Pyrazines and Furans in both the groups. The principal component anal. (PCA) of Y and NF volatilomics denoted 62.10% variance between GC and 99.38% in Roasted coffee (RC). The sensory contours 8 for Y, 6.5 in NF (scale of 0-10). Y can be a determining factor for flavor modulation and quality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, Sustainable Synthesis, and Programmed Reactions of Templated N-Heteroaryl-Fused Vinyl Sultams was written by Laha, Joydev K.;Sharma, Shubhra;Kirar, Seema;Banerjee, Uttam C.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 2199-49-7 This article mentions the following:

A de novo design and synthesis of N-heteroaryl-fused vinyl sultams as templates for programming chem. reactions on vinyl sultam periphery or (hetero)aryl ring is described. The key features include rational designing and sustainable synthesis of the template, customized reactions of vinyl sultams at C=C bond or involving N-S bond cleavage, and reactions on the periphery of the heteroaryl ring for late-stage diversification. The simple, easy access to the template coupled with opportunities for the synthesis of diversely functionalized heterocyles from a single template constitutes a rare study in contemporary organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7HPLC of Formula: 2199-49-7).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 2199-49-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of controlled atmosphere and storage temperature on the quality of shelled ‘Barton’ pecan nuts during long-term storage was written by Ribeiro, Stephanie Reis;Klein, Bruna;Santos, Ingrid Duarte dos;Thewes, Flavio Roberto;Brackmann, Auri;Both, Vanderlei;Wagner, Roger. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.SDS of cas: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of controlled atm. (CA) storage at a low oxygen partial pressure (pO2; 2 kPa of O2) and low pO2 associated with high pCO2 (2 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2) in relation to ambient atm. conditions (control), at different temperatures, on shelled Barton pecan nuts quality after storage. Color, respiration rates, moisture content (MC), and oxidation markers, such as peroxide value (PV), acidity value (AV), and volatile compounds (VC), were evaluated. During six months of storage, the MC decreased in all CA treatments, and treatments at 10°C had the lowest AVs and PVs. However, the treatment with high pCO2 levels also guaranteed lower AVs at 20°C. The color parameter b* (yellow), which is related to the golden appearance of pecans and is a highly desirable visual attribute in the commercialization of nuts, was maintained high in treatments at 10°C with CA treatments until six months of storage. The VCs, characteristic of lipid oxidation (aldehydes, acids, alcs., and ketones), increase in all treatments with prolonging storage. When pCO2 was associated to 10°C at six month of storage, it showed a larger area in the acids and unsaturated aldehyde classes, while it was relevant for alcs., lactones, and esters at 20°C, with sweet characteristics, including Et ethanoate, Et hexanoate, and butyrolactone. Thus, this study shows another advance in the storage techniques of shelled pecans, pointing to alternatives for reducing energy costs in the cooling chain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7SDS of cas: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.SDS of cas: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mutagenicity, health risk, and disease burden of exposure to organic micropollutants in water from a drinking water treatment plant in the Yangtze River Delta, China was written by Xue, Panqi;Zhao, Yameng;Zhao, Danyang;Chi, Meina;Yin, Yuanyuan;Xuan, Yanan;Wang, Xia. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Reference of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

A wide variety of organic micropollutants in drinking water pose a serious threat to human health. This study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of organic micropollution profiles in water from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in the Yangtze River Delta, China and investigate the mutagenicity, health risk and disease burden through mixed exposure to micropollutants in water. The presence of organic micropollutants in seven categories in organic extracts (OEs) of water from the DWTP was determined, and Ames test was conducted to test the mutagenic effect of OEs. Meanwhile, health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in finished water through three exposure routes (ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation) was assessed with the method proposed by U. S. EPA, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were combined to estimate the disease burden of cancer based on the carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment. The results showed that 28 organic micropollutants were detected in the raw and finished water at total concentrations of 967.28 ng/L and 1073.45 ng/L, resp., of which phthalate esters (PAEs) were the dominant category (95.79% in the raw water and 96.61% in the finished water). Although the results of the Ames test for OEs were neg. and the non-carcinogenic hazard index of the organic micropollutants in the finished water was less than 1 in all age groups, the total CR was 2.17 x 10-5, higher than the negligible risk level (1.00 x 10-6). The total DALYs caused by the organic micropollutants in the finished water was 2945.59 person-years, and the average individual DALYs was 2.21 x 10-6 per person-year (ppy), which was 2.21 times the reference risk level (1.00 x 10-6 ppy) defined by the WHO. Exposure to nitrosamines (NAms) was the major contributor to the total CR (92.06%) and average individual DALYs (94.58%). This study demonstrated that despite the neg. result of the mutagenicity test with TA98 and TA100 strains, the health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in drinking water should not be neglected. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Reference of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts as bioprotection in the composition of red wine and in the reduction of sulfur dioxide was written by Windholtz, Sara;Redon, Pascaline;Lacampagne, Soizic;Farris, Laura;Lytra, Georgia;Cameleyre, Margaux;Barbe, Jean-Christophe;Coulon, Joana;Thibon, Joana;Masneuf-Pomarede, Isabelle. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Formula: C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been used for many years due to their technol. potential, particularly as a “booster” of wine fruity aroma in mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, a new application has emerged, bioprotection, which consists in colonizing the environment in the context of sulfite reduction in wines. The chem. and sensory impact of non-Saccharomyces yeast according to different modes of application in a context of fermentation without addition of SO2 was evaluated through trial with Merlot N. (Vitis vinifera L.). An effective niche occupation by non-Saccharomyces yeasts was highlighted during the prefermentary stages by Quant.-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS identification. Chem. anal. (GC-MS and GC MS/MS) of finish wine showed the significant impact of the dose applications, with bioprotection characterized by linear esters and sequential application by acetates of higher alc. contents. Moreover, a separation according to the species used in bioprotection was revealed. Finally, using a panel trained, the sensory anal. confirmed that the use of non-Saccharomyces yeast was a fruity booster in sequential inoculation and, to a less extent, when used as bioprotection. This study shows for the first time that the use of non-Saccharomyces yeast as a bioprotection has a significant impact on the aromatic profile of wines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Formula: C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of volatile compounds in Awamori using solid phase extraction was written by Tamamura, Takako;Wada, Koji;Takara, Kensaku;Ishikawa, Nobuo;Iwabuchi, Katsuhisa;Nakasone, Yoko;Chinen, Isao. And the article was included in Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi in 2001.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

Awamori is distilled liquor containing up to 43% ethanol concentration A rapid and simplified technique for the anal. of major volatile compounds in Awamori using solid phase extraction was developed. A column packed with Porapak Q resin was used for extraction of volatile compounds For recovery tests, a model solution (10%-43% ethanol concentration) containing 4 kinds of alcs., 3 kinds of esters and 3 kinds of fatty acids as representative volatile compounds in Awamori was used. The recoveries of alcs. and fatty acids increased as ethanol concentration decreased. In the case of different amount of the model solution used, the recoveries of compounds showed also significant differences. The highest recovery efficiency was obtained by adjustment of ethanol concentration and amount of the sample solution Relative standard deviations were less than 7.23%. Awamori samples were firstly adjusted to 10% (volume/volume) ethanol concentration with pure water and secondly filled up to 860 mL with 10% ethanol solution Volatile compounds from Awamori were trapped on Porapak Q resin and recovered. Anal. of extracts from three varieties of Awamori by GC and GC-MS revealed significant differences in the concentration of alcs., esters, and fatty acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics