Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Apple pathogens: Organic essential oils as an alternative solution was written by Di Francesco, A.;Aprea, E.;Gasperi, F.;Parenti, A.;Placi, N.;Rigosi, F.;Baraldi, E.. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.SDS of cas: 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Fusarium avenaceum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Neofabraea vagabunda, represent postharvest diseases which cause significant apple losses. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of organic essential oils (EOs) (Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis) against apple pathogens both in vitro and in vivo, as an integrated management tool. By GC-MS anal. a total of 101 compounds principally belonging to the groups of terpenes and terpenoids were detected in the extracted EOs. In vitro results showed T. vulgaris as the most active EO, both as agar infusion or biofumigant. Through agar infusion, starting from the lowest concentration (0.2 mL L-1), T. vulgaris reduced by 74.9%, 86.1%, 66.9%, and 45.7% F. avenaceum, B. cinerea, P. expansum, and N. vagabunda mycelial growth, resp.; as biofumigant, it completely inhibited the growth of all the tested mycelial pathogens. Application of EOs on apples through dipping treatment displayed some potential to inhibit the above-mentioned pathogens, especially by T. vulgaris and L. angustifolia. The efficacy of these organic EOs is probably strictly correlated to the chem. composition In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5SDS of cas: 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aroma Properties of Cocoa Fruit Pulp from Different Origins was written by Bickel Haase, Thomas;Schweiggert-Weisz, Ute;Ortner, Eva;Zorn, Holger;Naumann, Susanne. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Cocoa pulp occurs as a byproduct of cocoa bean production and can be repurposed to different food applications, such as jams, fruit preparations and beverages, improving the sustainability of cocoa production, as well as the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. In this work, aroma-active compounds of fresh cocoa fruit pulps from different origins were investigated by applying aroma extract dilution analyses in combination with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry/olfactometry for identification. In total, 65 aroma-active compounds were determined in four different pulps originating from Indonesia, Vietnam, Cameroon, and Nicaragua. Vietnamese pulp showed the highest number of aroma-active regions, while Cameroonian pulp accounted for the lowest. Moreover, Cameroonian cocoa pulp showed the lowest FD factors. Overall, the odorants with the highest FD factors were trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-decenal, 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, δ-decalactone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one, dodecanoic acid, and linalool. This study provides insights into the aroma composition of fresh cocoa pulp from different origins for future food applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinolines via High Chemoselective Domino Condensation/Aza-Prins Cyclization/Retro-Aldol between 2-Alkenylanilines with β-Ketoesters was written by Nan, Jiang;Chen, Pu;Zhang, Yuxin;Yin, Yun;Wang, Bo;Ma, Yangmin. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

A highly chemoselective domino condensation/aza-Prins cyclization/retro-aldol between 2-alkenylanilines with β-dicarbonyl compounds under metal-free conditions was accomplished, giving a large category of valuable 2-substituted quinolines in good yields with excellent functional group toleration. This newly established process, adopting β-ketoesters as masked C1 synthons via C-C cleavage, could even be simplified into a three-component [3 + 2 + 1] domino version consisting of exceedingly low-priced com. starting materials. The synthetic application of products was exemplified by several intriguing chem. operations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Formula: C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation and chemical behavior of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-3-bromomethyl pyridine, a novel alkylating agent was written by Krasavin, Mikhail;Shkavrov, Sergey;Kravchenko, Dmitry. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2006.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic alkylating agent was developed. Its instability toward elevated temperatures and/or polar media can be used to prepare 8-aza-1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,3-d]oxazin-2-one. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New methods for solid phase peptide synthesis of transition-state analog inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and DPP-IV was written by Piron, Jan;Tourwe, Dirk. And the article was included in Letters in Peptide Science in 1995.SDS of cas: 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

A new and stereoselective method to synthesize hydroxyethylamine and hydroxymethylamide peptide bond isosteres is developed. The key step is the addition of 2-trimethylsilylthiazole to α-amino aldehydes, followed by transformation to α-hydroxy-β-amino aldehydes. The stereochem. of the addition can be manipulated by the choice of the nitrogen substitution. The isosteres are easily synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis, which rapidly gives the desired pseudopeptides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9SDS of cas: 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.SDS of cas: 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and polymerization of alkyl α-(Alkylsulfonyl)acrylates was written by Gipstein, E.;Willson, C. G.;Sachdev, H.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1980.COA of Formula: C4H8O4S This article mentions the following:

The reaction of RSO₂CHMeCO₂R¹ (R = Me, CMe₃; R¹ = CMe₃, Me) with PhSeCl gave RSO₂C(SePh)MeCO₂R¹, the selenide products were treated with H₂O₂, and Se-oxidation was followed by an elimination reaction to yield the resp. RSO₂C:(CH₂)CO₂R¹ (I). The deacylative methylenation of MeSO₂CH(COPh)CO₂Me by HCHO gave I (R = R¹ = Me). The I (R¹ = Me) polymerized more readily than the I (R¹ = CMe₃). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1COA of Formula: C4H8O4S).

Methyl 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetate (cas: 62020-09-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C4H8O4S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-5 Methyl Substituted 4-Arylthio and 4-Aryloxy-3-Iodopyridin-2(1H)-one Type Anti-HIV Agents was written by Guillemont, Jerome;Benjahad, Abdellah;Oumouch, Said;Decrane, Laurence;Palandjian, Patrice;Vernier, Daniel;Queguiner, Laurence;Andries, Koen;de Bethune, Marie-Pierre;Hertogs, Kurt;Grierson, David S.;Nguyen, Chi Hung. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Related Products of 173341-02-1 This article mentions the following:

A series of C-5 Me substituted 4-arylthio- and 4-aryloxy-3-iodopyridin-2(1H)-ones, e.g. I (X = O, S; R = SCH₂CONHMe, 2-tetrazolyl, 1-imidazolyl, etc.), has been synthesized as new pyridinone analogs for their evaluation as anti-HIV inhibitors. The optimization at the 5-position was developed through an efficient use of the key intermediates 5-ethoxycarbonyl- and 5-cyano-pyridin-2(1H)-ones. Biol. studies revealed that several compounds show potent HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory properties, for example, I [X = S; R = 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazolyl] are active at 0.6-50 nM against wild type HIV-1 and a panel of major simple/double HIV mutant strains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (morpholin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate (cas: 173341-02-1Related Products of 173341-02-1).

tert-Butyl (morpholin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate (cas: 173341-02-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Related Products of 173341-02-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photochemical hydrogen abstraction as a radiationless transition in the photoketonization of β-dicarbonyl compounds was written by Nikolov, G.;Markov, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry in 1981.COA of Formula: C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

The photoketonization of 2 series of β-dicarbonyl compounds, namely, RC₆H₄COCH₂CO₂Et (R = H, p-Me, m-NO₂, p-Cl, etc.) and R¹COCHR²CO₂R³ (R¹ = Et, hexyl, Me; R² = H, Me, Et, CH₂Ph; R³ = Et, C₅H₁₁, cyclopentylmethyl, etc.), was treated in terms of the tunnel effect theory as a radiationless transition. These series showed a strong dependence of the overall photoketonization reaction rate constants on the reaction coordinate, which is constant for a given series. The rate constants of the 2nd series were reproduced using a single value of the enol OH bond energy D_OH, whereas the rate constants k_r of the 1st series show a marked dependence of D_OH and a correlation between log k_r and D_OH was found. The successful application of the tunnel effect theory to the photoketonization processes of the compounds studied was interpreted to imply that these processes may in fact involve through-space photochem. H migration which is governed by the tunnel effect. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9COA of Formula: C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Controlled radical (co)polymerization of (meth)acrylic esters via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer mechanism was written by Zaitsev, S. D.;Semchikov, Yu. D.;Vasil’eva, E. V.;Kurushina, L. V.. And the article was included in Polymer Science, Series B in 2012.Application of 27249-90-7 This article mentions the following:

The homopolymerization of acrylic and fluoroacrylic esters mediated by benzyl dithiobenzoate and dibenzyl trithiocarbonate proceeds in the controlled mode via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer mechanism, while the controlled radical polymerization of methacrylic esters is not effected under these conditions. The mol.-mass characteristics of the copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic esters may be satisfactorily controlled by benzyl dithiobenzoate-mediated copolymerization when the content of acrylic esters is no less than 50 mol %. If a reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent active with respect to only one of the monomers is used, compositionally homogeneous narrowly dispersed copolymers are formed via the azeotropic copolymerization of the monomers up to high conversions. The controlled copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone and fluoroacrylates allows the synthesis of alternating narrowly dispersed amphiphilic copolymers with properties different from those of alternating copolymers with a broad mol.-mass distribution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Application of 27249-90-7).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 27249-90-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and Michael reaction of 3,4-dimethylpyrrole was written by Cheng, D. O.;Bowman, T. L.;LeGoff, E.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1976.COA of Formula: C8H11NO2 This article mentions the following:

MeCH:CHCO2Et and 4-MeC6H4SO2CH2NC gave 3-carbethoxy-4-methylpyrrole, which was reduced with NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OMe)2 to 3,4-dimethylpyrrole (I). Michael addition of Me vinyl ketone and butyn-2-one to I gave the bisadducts, 2,5-bis(3-oxobutyl)-3,4-dimethylpyrrole and 2,5-bis(3-oxobutenyl)-3,4-dimethylpyrrole, resp., while Et propiolate gave only the monoadduct, Et 3-(3,4-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)propenoate (II). Catalytic reduction of II gave Et 3-(3,4-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)propanoate, which with Et propiolate gave Et 3-(5-carboethoxyethyl-3,4-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)propenoate (III). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7COA of Formula: C8H11NO2).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C8H11NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics