Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Synthesis of enaminone-based vinylogous peptides was written by Senica, Luka;Groselj, Uros;Kasunic, Marta;Kocar, Drago;Stanovnik, Branko;Svete, Jurij. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Recommanded Product: 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

Vinylogous peptides 3 [E-I or Z-I (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl; R¹ = H, Me, Bn; AA = amino acid or peptide)] with a vinyl fragment inserted into the peptide C-N bond were prepared from ynones (II) (R¹ = H, Me, Bn) and enaminones (E-III) (R¹ = H, Me, Bn) that are easily available from Boc-protected α-amino acids. Coupling at the C terminus was achieved by 1,4-addition of amino esters to the C C bond in II or by substitution of the NMe₂ group in III to give N-terminal vinylogous peptides. Coupling at the N terminus of I and III in contrast, required temporary protection of the acidolytically labile enamino moiety. Cyclization of II or III with hydroxylamine, removal of the Boc group with HBr-AcOH, acylation of free amine hydrobromides (IV) (R¹ = H, Me, Bn) with BocGlyOH, and hydrogenolytic deprotection of the enamino moiety in the presence of GlyOMe led to tripeptides with vinylogous amide as the central building block. Thus, the present method enables incorporation of vinylogous amide (building blocks) BBs into oligopeptides. However, the preparation of oligomers with consecutive vinylogous BBs represents the next synthetic challenge to be met. These preliminary results clearly indicate the viability of this synthetic approach, which enables the incorporation of vinylogous amides into a peptide chain. Vinylogous peptides might be interesting or even useful for various applications, for example, in medicinal chem., chem. biol., and in materials science. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Recommanded Product: 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) essential oil and citronellal modulate anxiety-related symptoms – In vitro and in vivo studies was written by Stojanovic, Nikola M.;Mladenovic, Marko Z.;Maslovaric, Aleksandra;Stojiljkovic, Nenad I.;Randjelovic, Pavle J.;Radulovic, Niko S.. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Besides psyche-related symptoms, patients with anxiety disorders can have a large number of somatic symptoms as well. Although the treatment of these disorders is mainly focused on resolving their mental component, one cannot neglect the need for the treatment of accompanying somatic symptoms. Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm), in various formulations, has been extensively used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for the treatment of different psyche-related symptoms, and its use is considered relatively safe. Aim of the study: In the present study, the activity of M. officinalis (MO) essential oil was evaluated in several in vitro and in vivo models mimicking or involving anxiety-related somatic symptoms. To address the effect of MO essential oil on the gastrointestinal and heart-related symptoms accompanying anxiety disorders, in vitro models were utilized that follow the function of the isolated mouse ileum and atria tissues, resp., after exposure to MO essential oil. Effects of MO essential oil on BALB/c mice motor activity was estimated using the open field, rota-rod, and horizontal wire tests. Addnl., the essential oil was assayed for its potential in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. The performance of mice treated with 25 mg/kg of the oil showed a statistically significant decrease in the motor impairment arising from acute anxiety (open field test), while there was a prolonged latency and a reduction of the frequency of falling from a rotating rod and/or a horizontal wire (signs of muscle weakness/spasms). Concentrations of the essential oil higher than 1 μg/mL were found to inhibit both spontaneous and induced ileum contractions. Moreover, the essential oil and citronellal were found to decrease isolated mouse atria contraction frequency, as well as contraction force. However, the oil was found to be a very weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The modulation of anxiety-related symptoms by the oil was found not to be mediated through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase, nonetheless, the mechanistic studies involving the ileum and cardiac tissues, revealed that the activity of MO and citronellal might be related to the modification of either voltage-gated Ca2+ channels or muscarinic receptors. Mice locomotion, balance, and muscle strength were not impacted by the essential oil; however, its main constituent, citronellal, was found to exert a certain degree of muscle function inhibition. All these results suggest that the activity of MO essential oil arises from synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions of its constituents, and is not completely dependent on the oil main constituent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Controlled synthesis of copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of reversible chain transfer agents was written by Chernikova, E. V.;Tarasenko, A. V.;Yulusov, V. V.;Garina, E. S.;Golubev, V. B.. And the article was included in Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A i Seriya B in 2009.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Mol. weight characteristics of styrene-Me methacrylate copolymer obtained via reversible chain transfer mechanism in the presence of dithiobenzoate agents were studied. In order to obtain copolymers with narrow mol. weight distributions, low mol. weight chain transfer agents (CTA) were be used. CTA were active in homopolymerization of both monomers. Conditions for the preparation of block copolymers with narrow mol. weight distribution with and a given structure and mol. weight of the blocks were determined Polymeric reversible CTA was responsible for the composition and mol. weight of the 1st block, while the structure of the second block depended on the compositions of the monomer mixture Mol. weight characteristics depended on the concentration of CTA and monomer conversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Water-soluble anionic fluorophores from truxene was written by Earmrattana, Nopporn;Sukwattanasinitt, Mongkol;Rashatasakhon, Paitoon. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2012.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

Two new water-soluble fluorophores are synthesized from truxene and ester-substituted aryl acetylenes. The truxene core is decorated by 2-(2′-methoxy)ethoxyethyl groups to enhance the hydrophilicity of these fluorophores and to prevent the aggregation by π-stacking in aqueous media. The conjugated structures are assembled by iodination of the truxene core and subsequent Sonogashira coupling with aryl acetylenes. Upon the hydrolysis of the ester groups, water-soluble fluorophores are obtained in good to excellent yield (30-71% for 3 steps). A photophys. study reveals that these compounds exhibit strong fluorescence signals (quantum yield 46-63%) with maximum emission wavelength around 390-400 nm in aqueous phosphate buffer. Preliminary screening on sensing application shows that their fluorescent signals can be selectively quenched by porphyrin-containing metalloproteins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of key aroma compounds in Chinese rice wine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry was written by Yu, Haiyan;Xie, Tong;Xie, Jingru;Ai, Lianzhong;Tian, Huaixiang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.SDS of cas: 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

To determine the key aroma compounds in Chinese rice wine (CRW), four types of CRW (YH, JF, SN, and XX) were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), and sensory evaluation. The contributions of the key aroma compounds to the flavor characteristics were determined by partial least squares regression. Sixty-one aroma compounds were detected. Twenty-five components were identified as odor-active compounds On the basis of their odor active values, 18 odor-active compounds were determined as key aroma compounds Et isovalerate, Et butyrate, Et acetate, Et hexanoate, and phenylethyl alc. were key aroma compounds in all four types of wine. The unique key aroma compounds of JF wine were isovaleraldehyde and isoamyl acetate; those of XX wine were 1-butanol, benzaldehyde, Et benzoate, Et phenylacetate, 2-octanone, and furfural; that of YH wine was Et 2-methylbutyrate; and those of SN wine were 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-butenoic acid Et ester, and 3-methyl-1-butanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6SDS of cas: 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.SDS of cas: 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Predicting the Genotoxicity of Thiophene Derivatives from Molecular Structure was written by Mosier, Philip D.;Jurs, Peter C.;Custer, Laura L.;Durham, Stephen K.;Pearl, Greg M.. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2003.Name: Methyl 2-thienylacetate This article mentions the following:

We report several binary classification models that directly link the genetic toxicity of a series of 140 thiophene derivatives with information derived from the compounds’ mol. structure. Genetic toxicity was measured using an SOS Chromotest. IMAX (maximal SOS induction factor) values were recorded for each of the 140 compounds both in the presence and in the absence of S9 rat liver homogenate. Compounds were classified as genotoxic if IMAX ≥ 1.5 in either test or nongenotoxic if IMAX < 1.5 for both tests. The mol. structures were represented by numerical descriptors that encoded the topol., geometric, electronic, and polar surface area properties of the thiophene derivatives The classification models used were linear discriminant anal. (LDA), k-nearest neighbor classification (k-NN), and the probabilistic neural network (PNN). These were used in conjunction with either a genetic algorithm or a generalized simulated annealing to find optimal subsets of descriptors for each classifier. The quality of the resulting models was determined by the number of misclassified compounds, with preference given to models that produced fewer false neg. classifications. Model sizes ranged from seven descriptors for LDA to three descriptors for k-NN and PNN. Very good classification results were obtained with all three classifiers. Classification rates for the LDA, k-NN, and PNN models were 80, 85, and 85%, resp., for the prediction set compounds Addnl., a consensus model was generated that incorporated all three of the basic model types. This consensus model correctly predicted the genotoxicity of 95% of the prediction set compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Name: Methyl 2-thienylacetate).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Name: Methyl 2-thienylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The synthesis of 1,5,7,10-tetraoxygenated 3-methylphenanthrenes was written by Finnie, Alistair A.;Hill, Robert A.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research, Synopses in 1987.Formula: C10H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Treating 3,5-(MeO)₂C₆H₃CH₂CN with BuLi and then 4,2,6-Me(MeO)₂C₆H₂CO₂Me gave 4,2,6-Me(MeO)₂C₆H₂COCH(CN)C₆H₃(OMe)₂-3,5 (I). Treating I with Ac₂O and H₂SO₄ and then irradiation gave phenanthrene II (R = cyano, R¹ = Ac) (III). Treating II (R = cyano, R¹ = H) with Raney Ni in HCO₂H gave phenanthrene II (R = R¹ = H). Treating III with Br₂ in AcOH gave mono- and dibromides IV (R²-R⁴ = H, Br), with the product ratios dependent on reaction temperature and stoichiometry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Formula: C10H12O3).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C10H12O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile compounds and overall quality of ‘Braeburn’ apples after long-term storage: Interaction of innovative storage technologies and 1-MCP treatment was written by Schmidt, Suele Fernanda Prediger;Schultz, Erani Elizeu;Ludwig, Vagner;Berghetti, Magno Roberto Pasquetti;Thewes, Fabio Rodrigo;Anese, Rogerio de Oliveira;Both, Vanderlei;Brackmann, Auri. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2020.Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we evaluated storage methods which sustains ‘Braeburn’ apples volatile compounds and overall quality characteristics after 9 mo of storage at 2.5°C, and their relation with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment. We also proposed to evaluate if there was a relation of the Me and Et esters with flesh breakdown incidence. The storage design was composed by five atm. conditions: controlled atm. (CA) (1.2 kPa O₂), dynamic controlled atm. based on the chlorophyll fluorescence (DCA-CF), and three levels of RQ: 1.3; 1.5 and 1.7 (DCA-RQ 1.3; DCA-RQ 1.5 and DCA-RQ 1.7). In all conditions, the CO₂ was kept at 0.7 kPa and relative humidity was 94 ± 1%, whether without or with 1-MCP treatment (0.625μL L^-1). 1-MCP maintained higher flesh firmness, suppresses the ethylene production and internal ethylene concentration (IEC), due to lower ACC oxidase enzyme activity. Et acetate was not reduced by 1-MCP treatment in DCA-RQ 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 storage conditions. Without 1-MCP, DCA-RQ 1.3 storage resulted in better flesh firmness and titratable acidity maintenance. There was no correlation of Me and Et esters with flesh breakdown. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Formula: C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Greener Route for Synthesis of Fly Ash Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst was written by Malpani, Sakshi Kabra;Rani, Ashu. And the article was included in Materials Today: Proceedings in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Fly ash, a solid byproduct obtained from coal-fired thermal power plants, is basically a silico-aluminate material having varying minor amounts of other metal oxides. For suitable bulk utilization of this solid waste, a novel kind of solid acid catalyst has been successfully synthesized by employing microwave assisted greener route. For enhancing the efficacy, amorphous silica was extracted from fly ash in a cost-effective manner which was further chem. activated with H₂SO₄. Various anal. techniques were utilized to study physico-chem. properties of the as-prepared catalyst, while the catalytic activity was tested by a serious of microwave assisted esterification and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions under optimized reaction conditions. Higher yield of products attributes to the presence of significant number of Bronsted acidic sites on catalyst, also proved by Pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectrum of catalyst. The catalyst was recovered and reused up to five reaction cycles with similar competence as in first run which deliberates its stability during the course of reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Synthetic Route of C9H10O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper(II) triflate catalyzed amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was written by Ton, Thi My Uyen;Himawan, Fanny;Chang, Joyce Wei Wei;Chan, Philip Wai Hong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.Application of 13669-10-8 This article mentions the following:

Preparation of α,α-acyl amino acid derivatives was carried out efficiently by Cu(OTf)₂+1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen)-catalyzed amination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with PhI=NSO₂Ar. The mechanism is thought to initially involve aziridination of the enolic form of the substrate, formed in situ through coordination to the Lewis acidic metal catalyst, by the putative copper-nitrene/imido species generated from the reaction of the metal catalyst with the iminoiodane source. Subsequent ring opening of the resultant aziridinol adduct under the Lewis acidic conditions then provided the α-aminated product. The utility of this method was exemplified by the enantioselective synthesis of a precursor of 3-styryl-2-benzoyl-L-alanine. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Application of 13669-10-8).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 13669-10-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics