Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Hamdan, Dalia I. published the artcileEchinops taeckholmiana Amin: Optimization of a Tissue Culture Protocol, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Profiling Using GC and LC-MS, Formula: C17H34O2, the main research area is Echinops tissue culture metabolite.

There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced seedlings. Chem. profiling using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. of the n-hexane fraction afforded 29 identified components, mainly fatty acids esters, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, one thiophene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS-MS) anal. of total alc. root and induced calli extracts resulted in 68 metabolites. Taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol-3β-D-glucoside, and 1,1,1-kestopentaose were identified from the defatted root extract, which inhibited α-amylase (IC50 54.6 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (60.4 μg/mL) enzymes compared with acarbose (IC50 values of 30.57 and 34.71 μg/mL, resp.). Moreover, it showed moderate activity against HepG2 (IC50 31.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL) and no activity against M-NFS-60 cell lines compared to cisplatin (IC50 3.25 ± 1.4 and 8.37 ± 0.25, resp.).

ACS Omega published new progress about Cytotoxic agents. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Formula: C17H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hamdan, Dalia I. published the artcileEchinops taeckholmiana Amin: Optimization of a Tissue Culture Protocol, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Profiling Using GC and LC-MS, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Echinops tissue culture metabolite.

There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced seedlings. Chem. profiling using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. of the n-hexane fraction afforded 29 identified components, mainly fatty acids esters, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, one thiophene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS-MS) anal. of total alc. root and induced calli extracts resulted in 68 metabolites. Taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol-3β-D-glucoside, and 1,1,1-kestopentaose were identified from the defatted root extract, which inhibited α-amylase (IC50 54.6 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (60.4 μg/mL) enzymes compared with acarbose (IC50 values of 30.57 and 34.71 μg/mL, resp.). Moreover, it showed moderate activity against HepG2 (IC50 31.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL) and no activity against M-NFS-60 cell lines compared to cisplatin (IC50 3.25 ± 1.4 and 8.37 ± 0.25, resp.).

ACS Omega published new progress about Cytotoxic agents. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Zhuhong published the artcileMechanistic study of silica nanoparticles on the size-dependent retinal toxicity in vitro and in vivo, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is silica nanoparticles mechanistics retinal toxicity; Ganglion cell degeneration; Glial cell activation; Inflammation; ROS; Retinal toxicity; SiO2 NPs.

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are extensively applied in the biomedical field. The increasing medical application of SiO2 NPs has raised concerns about their safety. However, studies on SiO2 NP-induced retinal toxicity are lacking. We investigated the retinal toxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes (15 and 50 nm) in vitro and in vivo along with the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes was assessed in R28 human retinal precursor cells by determining the ATP content and LDH release. The cell morphologies and nanoparticle distributions in the cells were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, resp. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs in vivo was examined by immunohistochem. anal. To further investigate the mechanism of retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glial cell activation and inflammation were monitored. The 15-nm SiO2 NPs were found to have higher cytotoxicity than the larger NPs. Notably, the 15-nm SiO2 NPs induced retinal toxicity in vivo, as demonstrated by increased cell death in the retina, TUNEL-stained retinal cells, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In addition, The SiO2 NPs caused oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA. Furthermore, the pretreatment of R28 cells with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by SiO2 NPs. These results provide evidence that SiO2 NPs induce size-dependent retinal toxicity and suggest that glial cell activation and ROS generation contribute to this toxicity.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology published new progress about Homo sapiens. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Zeyu published the artcileEfficient asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols using high 2-propanol tolerance alcohol dehydrogenase SmADH2 via an environmentally friendly TBCR system, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is asym synthesis chiral alc propanol oxidation alc dehydrogenase; thermostatic bubble column reactor system alc dehydrogenase ketone reduction.

Alc. dehydrogenases (ADHs) together with the economical substrate-coupled cofactor regeneration system play a pivotal role in the asym. synthesis of chiral alcs.; however, severe challenges concerning the poor tolerance of enzymes to 2-propanol and the adverse effects of the byproduct, acetone, limit its applications, causing this strategy to lapse. Herein, a novel ADH gene smadh2 was identified from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by traditional genome mining technol. The gene was cloned into Escherichia coli cells and then expressed to yield SmADH2. SmADH2 has a broad substrate spectrum and exhibits excellent tolerance and superb activity to 2-propanol even at 10.5 M (80%, volume/volume) concentration Moreover, a new thermostatic bubble column reactor (TBCR) system is successfully designed to alleviate the inhibition of the byproduct acetone by gas flow and continuously supplement 2-propanol. The organic waste can be simultaneously recovered for the purpose of green synthesis. In the sustainable system, structurally diverse chiral alcs. are synthesized at a high substrate loading (>150 g L-1) without adding external coenzymes. Among these, about 780 g L-1 (6 M) Et acetoacetate is completely converted into Et (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in only 2.5 h with 99.9% ee and 7488 g L-1 d-1 space-time yield. Mol. dynamics simulation results shed light on the high catalytic activity toward the substrate. Therefore, the high 2-propanol tolerance SmADH2 with the TBCR system proves to be a potent biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of chiral alcs. on an industrial scale.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Biochemical cofactors Role: BCP (Biochemical Process), BPN (Biosynthetic Preparation), BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study), PROC (Process), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses) (regeneration of). 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Miner, Kent published the artcileDrug repurposing: the anthelmintics niclosamide and nitazoxanide are potent TMEM16A antagonists that fully bronchodilate airways, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4, the main research area is asthma niclosamide nitazoxanide TMEM16A smooth muscle depolarization contraction; TMEM16A antagonist; airway smooth muscle (ASM); bronchodilator; calcium-activated chloride channel; desensitization; drug repositioning; niclosamide; nitazoxanide.

There is an unmet need in severe asthma where approx. 40% of patients exhibit poor β-agonist responsiveness, suffer daily symptoms and show frequent exacerbations. Antagonists of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, TMEM16A, offers a new mechanism to bronchodilate airways and block the multiple contractiles operating in severe disease. To identify TMEM16A antagonists we screened a library of ∼580,000 compounds The anthelmintics niclosamide, nitazoxanide, and related compounds were identified as potent TMEM16A antagonists that blocked airway smooth muscle depolarization and contraction. To evaluate whether TMEM16A antagonists resist use- and inflammatory-desensitization pathways limiting β-agonist action, we tested their efficacy under harsh conditions using maximally contracted airways or airways pretreated with a cytokine cocktail. Stunningly, TMEM16A antagonists fully bronchodilated airways, while the β-agonist isoproterenol showed only partial effects. Thus, antagonists of TMEM16A and repositioning of niclosamide and nitazoxanide represent an important addnl. treatment for patients with severe asthma and COPD that is poorly controlled with existing therapies. It is of note that drug repurposing has also attracted wide interest in niclosamide and nitazoxanide as a new treatment for cancer and infectious disease. For the first time we identify TMEM16A as a mol. target for these drugs and thus provide fresh insights into their mechanism for the treatment of these disorders in addition to respiratory disease.

Frontiers in Pharmacology published new progress about Anthelmintics. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hargest, Virginia published the artcileAstrovirus replication is inhibited by nitazoxanide in vitro and in vivo, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is nitazoxanide antiviral agent astrovirus replication; antiviral agents; astrovirus; diarrhea; viral replication.

Astroviruses (AstV) are a leading cause of diarrhea, especially in the very young, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Despite their significant impact on public health, no drug therapies for astrovirus have been identified. In this study, we fill this gap in knowledge and demonstrate that the FDA-approved broad-spectrum anti-infective drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) blocks astrovirus replication in vitro with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of approx. 1.47 μM. It can be administered up to 8 h postinfection and is effective against multiple human astrovirus serotypes, including clin. isolates. Most importantly, NTZ reduces viral shedding in vivo, exhibiting its potential as a future clin. therapeutic.

Journal of Virology published new progress about Antiviral agents Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), THU (Therapeutic Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yoon, Hyun Joong published the artcileNative low density lipoprotein increases the production of both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is eNOS LDL ROS umbilical vein endothelial cell oxidative stress; Human umbilical vein endothelial cell; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Native low density lipoprotein; Nitric oxide; Reactive oxygen species.

Background: Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a unique family of enzymes that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. Atherogenic action of oxidized low-d. lipoproteins (oxLDL) may be mediated partly by the formation of NO in endothelial cells. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing native LDL (nLDL)-induced senescence of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were treated with nLDL and NO production was assessed using Griess reagent as substrate and spectrophotometry in the absence or presence of specific inhibitors of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). In addition, expression levels of eNOS and iNOS were measured with ELISA and western blotting, and ROS was evaluated using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) and a fluorescence microplate reader. Results: NO formation in nLDL-treated HUVECs was significantly increased. Long-term treatment with nLDL up-regulated both eNOS and iNOS proteins. Such increase of NO production in HUVECs induced by nLDL was significantly suppressed by treatment with iNOS-selective inhibitor 1400 W, but not by the eNOS-selective inhibitor L-NIO. Native LDL treatment uncoupled Hsp90, the regulatory binding protein of eNOS, from the enzyme in HUVECs. Native LDL also significantly increased ROS production in HUVECs.

Genes & Genomics published new progress about Heat-shock protein HSP90 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Formula: C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhong, Wu published the artcileEffect of selected yeast on physicochemical and oenological properties of blueberry wine fermented with citrate-degrading Pichia fermentans, Computed Properties of 41114-00-5, the main research area is blueberry wine citrate degrading Pichia fermentation deacidification.

Blueberry wine has an excessively sour taste due to the presence of high-level of organic acids. Pichia fermentans JT-1-3 with a strong ability to degrade citric acid was selected for blueberry wine production in this work. The flocculation of JT-1-3 in comparison with two S. cerevisiaes strains was evaluated. Then citric acid degradation of JT-1-3 was assessed in synthetic media with different citric acid/glucose ratios under shaking or static conditions. Finally, JT-1-3 was inoculated in blueberry juice for fermentation The results confirmed that JT-1-3 had appropriate flocculation and consumed citric acid and glucose greatly. In final wines, 6.25% (volume/volume) alc. was achieved with 1.83% (weight/weight) residual sugar. Compared with juice, citric, malic and tartaric acids declined significantly by 43.35%, 35.29% and 44.68% in wine, resp. 2-phenylethanol, Et 9-hexadecenoate, Et decanoate were the main volatiles in blueberry wine and most esters contributed to the aroma with high odor activity values. Sensory evaluation showed that wine produced by JT-1-3 imparted improved taste with lower acidity, bitterness and hotness perceptions compared with S. cerevisiae fermentation This work revealed that JT-1-3 had a great potential to be applied for blueberry wine fermentation along with deacidification.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Blueberry. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Computed Properties of 41114-00-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

McCourt, Ruairi O. published the artcileAtmospheric Oxygen Mediated Radical Hydrothiolation of Alkenes, Computed Properties of 583-04-0, the main research area is alkene thiol atm oxygen mediated radical hydrothiolation; green chemistry; hydrothiolation; initiation; radical; thiol-ene.

A mild, metal-free, atm. oxygen-mediated radical hydrothiolation of alkenes (and alkyne) was reported. A variety of sulfur containing motifs including alkanethiols, thiophenols and thioacids undergo an atm. oxygen-mediated radical hydrothiolation reaction with a plethora of alkenes in good yield with excellent functional group compatibility, typically with short reaction times to furnished a range of functionalized products. Biomols. proved tolerant to the conditions and the procedure was robust and easily executable requiring no specialized equipment. Concise mechanistic studies confirmed that the process proceeded through radical intermediates in a thiol-ene reaction manifold. The methodol. offered an efficient “”green”” approach for thiol-ene mediated “”click”” ligation and a milder alternative to thermally initiated hydrothiolation processes.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Green chemistry. 583-04-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Allyl benzoate, and the molecular formula is C10H10O2, Computed Properties of 583-04-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

McCourt, Ruairi O. published the artcileAtmospheric Oxygen Mediated Radical Hydrothiolation of Alkenes, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is alkene thiol atm oxygen mediated radical hydrothiolation; green chemistry; hydrothiolation; initiation; radical; thiol-ene.

A mild, metal-free, atm. oxygen-mediated radical hydrothiolation of alkenes (and alkyne) was reported. A variety of sulfur containing motifs including alkanethiols, thiophenols and thioacids undergo an atm. oxygen-mediated radical hydrothiolation reaction with a plethora of alkenes in good yield with excellent functional group compatibility, typically with short reaction times to furnished a range of functionalized products. Biomols. proved tolerant to the conditions and the procedure was robust and easily executable requiring no specialized equipment. Concise mechanistic studies confirmed that the process proceeded through radical intermediates in a thiol-ene reaction manifold. The methodol. offered an efficient “”green”” approach for thiol-ene mediated “”click”” ligation and a milder alternative to thermally initiated hydrothiolation processes.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics