Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Casiello, Michele published the artcileZnO/ionic liquid catalyzed biodiesel production from renewable and waste lipids as feedstocks, SDS of cas: 929-77-1, the main research area is zinc oxide ionic liquid catalyst biodiesel renewable waste lipid.

A new protocol for biodiesel production is proposed, based on a binary ZnO/TBAI (TBAI = tetrabutylammonium iodide) catalytic system. Zinc oxide acts as a heterogeneous, bifunctional Lewis acid/base catalyst, while TBAI plays the role of phase transfer agent. Being composed by the bulk form powders, the whole catalyst system proved to be easy to use, without requiring nano-structuration or tedious and costly preparation or pre-activation procedures. In addition, due to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, the catalyst can simultaneously promote transesterification and esterification processes, thus becoming applicable to common vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, jatropha, linseed, etc.) and animal fats (lard and fish oil), but also to waste lipids such as cooking oils (WCOs), highly acidic lipids from oil industry processing, and lipid fractions of municipal sewage sludge. Reusability of the catalyst system together with kinetic (Ea) and thermodn. parameters of activation (ΔGâ€?and ΔHâ€? are also studied for transesterification reaction.

Catalysts published new progress about Activation energy. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, SDS of cas: 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Wen-Li published the artcileAccelerating Biodiesel Catalytic Production by Confined Activation of Methanol over High-Concentration Ionic Liquid-Grafted UiO-66 Solid Superacids, Name: Methyl docosanoate, the main research area is biodiesel production catalyst metal organic framework ionic liquid; crystalline microporous ordered solid superacid methanol heterogeneous transesterification.

Solid acids usually show lower catalytic activities than liquid acids because of their limited acid strength and presence of obvious diffusion limitation in the reactions. We report herein a variety of ionic liquid-grafted UiO-66 solid superacids synthesized from quaternization of UiO-66 with 1,3-propane sultone, ion-exchanging with H2SO4 or HSO3CF3. The developed UiO-66 solid superacids are highly efficient in catalyzing biodiesel production toward transesterification, which were better than the ionic liquid and neat H2SO4. The remarkable activities found in the UiO-66 solid superacids benefit from the synergistic effect of high acid concentrations (~3.33 mmol/g), superacidity (determined by 31P solid-state NMR, Hammett indicators, and potentiometric titration), as well as unique shape-selective confinement for methanol into the ordered and uniform micropores, which targeted the activation of methanol to prevent the occurring of an inverse reaction in the reactions. The UiO-66 solid superacids show important application potentials in the area of biodiesel production in the industry.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about Activation energy. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Name: Methyl docosanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ye, Lei published the artcileHZ-ZrP Catalysts with Adjustable Ratio of Bronsted and Lewis Acids for the One-Pot Value-Added Conversion of Biomass-Derived Furfural, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is catalyst adjustable ratio Bronsted Lewis acid pot biomass furfural.

Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts (HZ-ZrP) were prepared by using HZSM-5 as the carrier to support zirconium phosphate (ZrP) active component for the one-pot value-added conversion of biomass-derived furfural (FAL). By changing the loading amount of ZrP, the ratio of Lewis to Bronsted acid (2.7-15.4) and the acid strength of the catalysts can be adjusted. HZ-ZrP-5 and HZ-ZrP-16 were selected for the production of different value-added chems., and a total yield of up to 93.8% (i-PL and GVL) and 64.2% (GVL) were obtained using isopropanol as the hydrogen donor under optimized conditions, resp. Furthermore, stability and recyclability of the catalyst were also tested and showed no significant drop in total yield after re-calcination. The catalysts have high activity (Ea = 27.05 ± 3.08 kJ mol-1), but the ring-opening reaction restricted the cascade reaction. In addition, possible reaction pathway and mechanism for the FAL conversion was proposed.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

da Silva, Evellyn Patricia Santos published the artcileInvestigation of solvent-free esterification of levulinic acid in the presence of tin(IV) complexes, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is tin complex catalyst levulinic acid solvent free esterification.

In this study, for the first time, the use of dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2), dimethyltin dichloride (Me2SnCl2), butyltin trichloride (BuSnCl3) and Bu stannoic acid (BuSnO(OH)) as catalysts in the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) was investigated through a comparison with reactions performed without the use of a catalyst. The most active system (BuSnCl3) led to 93% conversion of LA in 360 min at 110°C with an LA:EtOH:CAT molar ratio of 1:5:0.01. The apparent rate constants (kap) for LA conversion confirm these results, and values of 6.2 × 10-3, 12.5 × 10-3 and 19.4 × 10-3 min-1 were obtained at 70, 90 and 110°C, resp. The activation energy for LA conversion was determined employing BuSnCl3 and the value was 31.2 kJ mol-1.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yu, Xin published the artcileEthylene glycol co-solvent enhances alkyl levulinate production from concentrated feeds of sugars in monohydric alcohols, SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is alkyl levulinate production ethylene glycol monohydric alc concentrated feed.

Conversion of carbohydrates at concentrated feeds represents highly desirable for the industrial deployment of biobased fuels and chems. but challenging. One key bottleneck is that the excessive formation of polymeric humins greatly diminishes the utilization rate of feedstocks and the destination product yield. We report that the use of ethylene glycol as co-solvent for acid-catalyzed conversion of concentrated sugars enhances desirable alkyl levulinate (AL) production compared to reactions carried out in single monohydric alcs. (e.g., methanol, ethanol). Ethylene glycol served not only as a solubilizer of sugars in the reaction medium to lessen their tendency to polymerize by protecting reactive hydroxyl groups in sugars with alcs., but also as a supporter to restrain the condensation of furan intermediates. With 10 vol% ethylene glycol as the co-solvent of ethanol, an improved yield of Et levulinate (EL) from 45% to 56% was accomplished from concentrated feeds of glucose (200 g/L). In particular, high space time yield and EL concentration resp. up to 30 kg/m3·h and 90 g/L were obtained in a batch reactor. The solvents and catalyst could be isolated from the products, and showed good reusability. This contribution opens a reliable avenue for converting highly concentrated feeds of biomass-related sugars to oxygenated liquid fuels and versatile chems.

Fuel published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ahmad, Ejaz published the artcileUnderstanding reaction kinetics, deprotonation and solvation of bronsted acidic protons in heteropolyacid catalyzed synthesis of biorenewable alkyl levulinates, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is levulinic acid heteropolyacid catalyst esterification kinetics IR spectra.

In search of a ‘descriptor’ for Bronsted acid-catalyzed biorenewable transformations in a complex reaction environment, two concepts related to the reactivity of Bronsted acid catalysts are explored. A simple reaction involving the esterification of levulinic acid in three different alc. mediums (ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol) is experimented with two different Keggin heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts to synthesize alkyl levulinates. On the same HPA catalyst, and different solvent medium, apparent activation energies of the esterification reaction are observed to increase by an average of âˆ? kJ/mol on increasing the alkyl chain length of the alc. medium by one carbon. Obtained apparent activation energies are corresponding with the solvation energies of the Bronsted proton in the resp. alc. medium. In contrast, on changing the HPA catalyst and keeping the same alc. medium, the apparent activation energies are observed to differ by an average of âˆ?9 kJ/mol. This directly correlates with the difference (âˆ?0 kJ/mol) in the vapor phase deprotonation energies (DPE) of the two HPA catalysts. Thus, in the solvent environment, DPE values and the degree of solvation of the Bronsted acidic protons are describing the reactivity of the HPA catalysts.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Activation energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jeon, Woo-Young published the artcileMicrobial production of sebacic acid from a renewable source: production, purification, and polymerization, SDS of cas: 110-42-9, the main research area is sebacate production plant oil engineering omega oxidation Candida; nylon 610 synthesis sebacate production C10 FAME biotransformation Candida.

Sebacic acid (SA) is an aliphatic ten-carbon dicarboxylic acid (1,10-decanedioic acid) with a variety of industrial applications, including the production of plasticizers, lubricants, cosmetics, and plastics. Currently, SA is produced exclusively from alk. pyrolysis of castor oil. Herein, we present an environmentally friendly green route of SA production from plant oil-derived sources by microbial ω-oxidation We genetically engineered β-oxidation-blocked diploid yeast Candida tropicalis, and created an effective microbial cell factory with an increase of 46% in SA production by overexpression of genes involved in ω-oxidation of hydrocarbons compared to the original strain. A biotransformation process of SA production from decanoic acid Me ester was developed to overcome the challenges of high-d. cell culture, substrate feed, substrate/intermediate toxicity, and foam generation. Fed-batch production of engineered C. tropicalis resulted in a molar yield of above 98%, a productivity of 0.57 g L-1 h-1, and a final titer of 98.3 g L-1 in a 5-L fermenter and the results were successfully reproduced using a larger scale 50-L fermenter. The produced SAs were successfully purified to >99.8% using acid precipitation and recrystallization Finally, bio-nylon 610 was successfully synthesized by polymerization of the purified SA with hexamethylenediamine and showed thermal properties very similar to those of com. available nylon 610. The processes developed and described in this study can be employed to produce and isolate SA for the synthesis of bio-nylons, using environmentally friendly procedures based on microbial biotransformation with potential industrial applications.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Candida tropicalis. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, SDS of cas: 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gardner, Jennifer Margaret published the artcileThe effect of grape juice dilution and complex nutrient addition on oenological fermentation and wine chemical composition, Formula: C9H18O2, the main research area is grape juice dilution nutrient addition oenol fermentation wine.

The impact of water addition and complex nutrient addition to grape juice in laboratory scale winemaking, on both alc. and malolactic fermentation duration and outcome has been examined using com. wine yeasts, Lalvin EC1118 and Lalvin R2 and malolactic bacteria Lalvin VP41. As expected, dilution with water did not impede fermentation, instead resulted in shortened duration, or in the case of malolactic fermentation enabled completion in these conditions. Addition of complex organic nutrient further shortened alc. fermentation by Lalvin R2 and in some conditions also reduced the duration of malolactic fermentation In general, compounds contributing to wine aroma and flavor were present at lower concentrations at the end of fermentation where juices were diluted and the addition of organic complex nutrient also influenced the concentration of some compounds in wine. These findings are significant to com. winemaking, highlighting that winemakers should consider potential impacts of juice dilution on processing efficiencies along with wine flavor and aroma.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis published new progress about Catabolism, animal. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Formula: C9H18O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Swale, Christopher published the artcileMetal-captured inhibition of pre-mRNA processing activity by CPSF3 controls Cryptosporidium infection, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is CPSF metal water interaction cryptosporidium infection.

Cryptosporidium is an intestinal pathogen that causes severe but self-limiting diarrhea in healthy humans, yet it can turn into a life-threatening, unrelenting infection in immunocompromised patients and young children. Severe diarrhea is recognized as the leading cause of mortality for children below 5 years of age in developing countries. The only approved treatment against cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide, has limited efficacy in the most vulnerable patient populations, including malnourished children, and is ineffective in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we investigate inhibition of the parasitic cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (CPSF3) as a strategy to control Cryptosporidium infection. We show that the oxaborole AN3661 selectively blocked Cryptosporidium growth in human HCT-8 cells, and oral treatment with AN3661 reduced intestinal parasite burden in both immunocompromised and neonatal mouse models of infection with greater efficacy than nitazoxanide. Furthermore, we present crystal structures of recombinantly produced Cryptosporidium CPSF3, revealing a mechanism of action whereby the mRNA processing activity of this enzyme is efficiently blocked by the binding of the oxaborole group at the metal-dependent catalytic center. Our data provide insights that may help accelerate the development of next-generation anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutics.

Science Translational Medicine published new progress about Cell proliferation. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Omaiye, Esther E. published the artcileElectronic Cigarette Refill Fluids Sold Worldwide: Flavor Chemical Composition, Toxicity, and Hazard Analysis, Quality Control of 140-11-4, the main research area is electronic cigarette fluid flavor toxicity hazard.

Flavor chems. in electronic cigarette (EC) fluids, which may neg. impact human health, have been studied in a limited number of countries/locations. To gain an understanding of how the composition and concentrations of flavor chems. in ECs are influenced by product sale location, we evaluated refill fluids manufactured by one company (Ritchy LTD) and purchased worldwide. Flavor chems. were identified and quantified using gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We then screened the fluids for their effects on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and proliferation (live-cell imaging) and tested authentic standards of specific flavor chems. to identify those that were cytotoxic at concentrations found in refill fluids. A total of 126 flavor chems. were detected in 103 bottles of refill fluid, and their number per/bottle ranged from 1-50 based on our target list. Two products had none of the flavor chems. on our target list, nor did they have any nontargeted flavor chems. A total of 28 flavor chems. were present at concentrations � mg/mL in at least one product, and 6 of these were present at concentrations �0 mg/mL. The total flavor chem. concentration was � mg/mL in 70% of the refill fluids and �0 mg/mL in 26%. For sub-brand duplicate bottles purchased in different countries, flavor chem. concentrations were similar and induced similar responses in the in vitro assays (cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition). The levels of furaneol, benzyl alc., ethyl maltol, Et vanillin, corylone, and vanillin were significantly correlated with cytotoxicity. The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. Flavor chem. concentrations in refill fluids often exceeded concentrations permitted in other consumer products. These data support the regulation of flavor chems. in EC products to reduce their potential for producing both cancer and noncancer toxicol. effects.

Chemical Research in Toxicology published new progress about Cell proliferation. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Quality Control of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics