Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Pleasants, Roy A. published the artcileGlycopyrrolate/eFlow CS: The First Nebulized Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist Approved to Treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Synthetic Route of 142-90-5, the main research area is review chronic obstructive pulmonary disease glycopyrrolate LAMA nebulizer; anticholinergics; bronchodilators; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; drug development and approval; inhalers; pharmaceutical care.

Objective: To review the pharmacol., efficacy, and safety of the first nebulized long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), glycopyrrolate (GLY)/eFlow closed system (CS) nebulizer, approved for maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data Sources: A PubMed search was conducted (Jan. 2000 to July 2018) using the following terms/phrases: nebulized glycopyrrolate, inhalation devices in COPD, long-acting muscarinic antagonists COPD, and COPD survey. Retrieved articles were reviewed to identify addnl. references Study Selection and Data Extraction: Primary and review articles on GLY/eFlow CS and other treatment options for patients with COPD were selected. Data Synthesis: Guidelines recommend the use of LAMAs, alone or in combination with long-acting β2-agonists, as maintenance therapy for the majority of patients with COPD. With the range of different devices and bronchodilators now available, treatment can be tailored based on individual needs. The eFlow CS nebulizer delivers GLY rapidly over a 2- to 3-min period and provides bronchodilation within 30 min, lasting 12 h. Phase 2 dose-finding and phase 3 studies demonstrated sustained statistically significant and clin. important improvements in pulmonary function and patient-reported outcomes with GLY/eFlow CS. Relevance to Patient Care and Clin. Practice: GLY/eFlow CS provides a novel, portable, efficient, and rapid drug delivery system. Conclusions: The recently approved GLY/eFlow CS drug-device combination provides a viable treatment option for patients with COPD, particularly those with conditions that may impair proper use of traditional handheld inhalers.

Annals of Pharmacotherapy published new progress about Bronchodilators. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Synthetic Route of 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sinha, Meetali published the artcileGenotoxicity QSAR (Geno-QSAR) models for the safety prioritization of specialty chemicals, Recommanded Product: Benzyl acetate, the main research area is genotoxicity quant structure activity relationship safety.

Toxicity profiling of specialty chems. is essential, since several studies have reported their role in acute/chronic health effects. It is voluminous to perform a battery of toxicity experiments on available specialty chems. In this study, we employed robust QSAR approaches to predict the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity potential for a dataset of 131 specialty chems. utilizing machine learning tools. Four predictive approaches were selected to benchmark the reliability and applicability of the suitable genotoxicity QSAR (Geno-QSAR) models each for carcinogenicity (CAESAR, ISS, ANTARES, and ISSCAN) and mutagenicity (CAESAR, SARpy, ISS, and KNN). Five-fold statistical evaluation was performed using an external dataset of more than 2000 compounds with their known genotoxicity potential. KNN/Read across and IRFMN/ANTARES resulted as the best model for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, resp. Results obtained from the selected predictive models are narrowed down to the potentially safe compounds and are cross-validated with the exptl. details compiled through the literature mining. Geno-QSAR approaches demonstrated in this investigation have widespread applicability for safe compound prioritization and toxicity prediction of a large number of chems. in a lucid way.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society published new progress about Carcinogenicity. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Recommanded Product: Benzyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Xiaoqiu published the artcileNon-targeted screening and analysis of volatile organic compounds in drinking water by DLLME with GC-MS, Application In Synthesis of 110-42-9, the main research area is volatile organic compound drinking water analysis DLLME GC MS; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Drinking water; In silico toxicity prediction; Non-targeted analysis; Volatile organic compound.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking water may potentially be hazardous. We developed a novel non-targeted anal. method of VOCs in drinking water that uses dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Anal. parameters were selected from range-finding tests on the peak number and average area of the extracted compounds The optimized method was applied to analyze VOCs in tap water samples collected from Wuhan City, China. Twenty-seven compounds with high match degrees and a high prevalence were selected for quantification and evaluation. We used structure-activity relationships to predict the carcinogenicity of these compounds Although most of the compounds were non-toxic, compounds such as di-Bu phthalate and diacetone alc. should be investigated further. Untargeted anal. of the tap water samples identified 75-200 VOCs, including 67 highly prevalent compounds Industrial and pharmaceutical chems. accounted for approx. 70% of the VOCs in the samples. This method of non-targeted anal. and in silico toxicity prediction is simple and economic, and could be used in screening VOCs in drinking water.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Carcinogenicity. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Application In Synthesis of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Honghai published the artcilePreparation and Application of Magnetic Nano-Solid Acid Catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is iron oxide polydopamine sulfonic acid magnetic nanosolid catalyst.

A magnetic nano-solid acid catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was synthesized through an efficient method, as an eco-friendly and more efficient catalyst. The obtained catalyst has uniform core-shell structure, appropriate particle size, and high acid d. Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was applied to catalyze the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with alcs. of different chain length to produce the levulinate esters. The catalytic effect was optimized from the aspects of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and acid-alc. molar ratio. Furthermore, the response surface optimization method was used to obtain the optimal conditions. Verified under these conditions, the exptl. results showed that the conversion rate of LA can reach 95.87%, which was much higher than common cationic exchange resin Amberlyst 36 and Amberlyst 46. Furthermore, the recovery and reuse of the Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was demonstrated six times without obvious loss in the activity.

Energies (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Cation exchange. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shrestha, Shyam Sharan published the artcilePhytochemical Investigations and In Vitro Bioactivity Screening on Melia azedarach L. Leaves Extract from Nepal, Synthetic Route of 110-42-9, the main research area is Melia leaf phytochem compound bioactivity; Melia azedarach; enzyme inhibitory assays; phytosterols; polyphenols; traditional Nepalese medicine.

Melia azedarach is a common tree used in the traditional medicine of Nepal. In this work, leaves were considered as source of bioactive constituents and composition of methanol extract was evaluated and compared with starting plant material. Flavonoid glycosides and limonoids were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-MSn approaches in dried leaves and methanolic extract, while HPLC-APCI-MSn and GC/MS anal. were used to study phytosterol and lipid compositions β-Sitosterol and rutin were the most abundant constituents. HPLC-APCI-MSn and HPLC-DAD-MSn anal. revealed high levels of phytosterols and flavonoids in methanolic extract accounting 9.6 and 7.5% on the dried weight, resp. On the other hand, HPLC/MSn data revealed that limonoid constituents were in minor amount in the extract <0.1%, compared with leaves (0.7%) indicating that degradation occurred during extraction or concentration procedures. The methanol extract was subjected to different bioassays, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Limited inhibitory activity on acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase, as well as on amylase were detected. Moreover, tyrosinase inhibition was significant resulting in 131.57±0.51 mg kojic acid equivalent/g of dried methanol extract, suggesting possible use of this M. azedarach extract in skin hyperpigmentation conditions. Moderate cytotoxic activity, with IC50 of 26.4μg/mL was observed against human ovarian cancer cell lines (2008 cells). Our findings indicate that the Nepalese M. azedarach leaves can be considered as valuable starting material for the extraction of phenolics and phytosterols, yielding extracts with possible cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Chemistry & Biodiversity published new progress about Cell morphology. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Synthetic Route of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guleria, Niraj published the artcileIdentification of male-specific active host plant volatiles for maize stem borer, Chilo partellus swinhoe, HPLC of Formula: 140-11-4, the main research area is male specific host plant volatiles maize stem borer Chilo.

The present study was conducted to identify male-specific active plant volatiles from maize against Chilo partellus. The gas chromatog.-electroantennogram detector evaluation of volatile extracts collected from maize plant through dynamic headspace collection revealed the presence of six electrophysiol. active volatiles for male, viz. toluene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4- hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p- iso-Pr benzaldehyde (cuminaldehyde) and p-xylene. Electroantennogram anal. of selective synthetic volatiles against male moths revealed significantly higher response to geranyl acetate, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Electroantennogram studies showed dose-dependent responses of male moths against geranyl acetate, cuminaldehyde, linalool and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol up to 50μg, above which saturation of antennal response was noticed. These findings will help to study the synergistic activity of identified volatiles with pheromone compounds for developing more effective lure for C. partellus monitoring and mass trapping.

Current Science published new progress about Chilo partellus. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, HPLC of Formula: 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

El-Hefnawy, Mohamed E. published the artcileEndogenous bioethanol production by solid-state prefermentation for enhanced crude bio-oil recovery through integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of seaweeds, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is biomass endogenous bioethanol fermentation oil recovery hydrothermal liquefaction seaweed.

The present study evaluated the action of endogenous bioethanol produced during solid-state fermentation of Ulva spp. on subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). HTL of raw biomass (RB) was compared with HTL of the fermented biomass after bioethanol separation (F-Aqua) and HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing the bioethanol (F-Eth). Optimization of fermentation conditions increased the ethanol yield efficiency (Yeff) and specific ethanol yield (SEY) from 23.55% and 0.120 g g-1 sugar consumed to 43.97% and 0.224 g g-1 sugar consumed, resp. TGA and FTIR anal. confirmed noticeable changes in the thermal profile and functional groups of the fermented residue with increased volatiles and lower ash content. Among different HTL treatments, F-Eth showed the highest bio-oil yield of 24.96% at 250°C, which was 37.7% and 39.0% higher than that of RB and F-Aqua, resp. In addition, hydrocarbons and esters in the bio-oil represented the dominant compounds in F-Aqua and F-Eth, altogether 28.28% and 68.58%, resp., compared to 17.96% in RB. Economic anal. for a proposed 100 ton year-1 plant confirmed that HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing endogenous bioethanol enhanced the gross energy output to 8.152 GJ ton-1, which represented 4.2-time, 51.1%, and 23.3% higher than individual bioethanol production, individual bio-oil production, and sequential bioethanol/bio-oil recovery, with the highest net annual profit of 29553 US$ compared to 23391 US$ for the sequential production

Journal of Cleaner Production published new progress about Acid hydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fedin, Igor published the artcileEnhanced Emission from Bright Excitons in Asymmetrically Strained Colloidal CdSe/CdxZn1-xSe Quantum Dots, HPLC of Formula: 142-90-5, the main research area is enhanced emission bright excitons asym colloidal CdSe CdZnSe QD; acoustic phonon; bright exciton; colloidal quantum dot; exciton fine structure; nanocrystal; single-photon emitter.

Colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) designed with a high degree of asym. internal strain have recently been shown to host a number of desirable optical properties including subthermal room-temperature line widths, suppressed spectral diffusion, and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields. It remains an open question, however, whether they are well-suited for applications requiring emission of identical single photons. Here, we measure the low-temperature PL dynamics and the polarization-resolved fluorescence line narrowing spectra from ensembles of these strained QDs. Our spectroscopy reveals the radiative recombination rates of bright and dark excitons, the relaxation rate between the two, and the energy spectra of the quantized acoustic phonons in the QDs that can contribute to relaxation processes. In comparison to conventional colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs, we find that in asym. strained CdSe QDs over six times more light is emitted directly by the bright exciton. These results are therefore encouraging for the prospects of chem. synthesized colloidal QDs as emitters of single indistinguishable photons.

ACS Nano published new progress about Acoustic phonon. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, HPLC of Formula: 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sendel, Sebastian published the artcileVolatile organic compounds released by wheat as a result of striped shieldbug feeding and insect behaviour, COA of Formula: C9H10O2, the main research area is volatile organic compound wheat shieldbug feeding insect behavior.

The most popular plant protection method is chem.; however, this is often connected with repeated treatments. Therefore, eco-friendly strategies need to be investigated. A good alternative is to use the natural repellent properties of plants. The aims of this study were to determine how adult striped shieldbugs (Aelia acuminata L.) feeding on spring wheat plants affect the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine the reaction of these insects to synthetic blends of VOCs. Using GC/MS for VOC anal., we find that Aelia acuminata L. (1 or 2 adult pairs) significantly induced VOC emissions from wheat plants. In comparison with controls, larger amounts of (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, β-pinene, β-myrcene, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, 1-hexyl acetate, 4-heptanone, (Z)-ocimene, linalool, linalool oxide, benzyl acetate, Me salicylate, indole, β-caryophyllene and (E)-β-farnesene were released as a result of the biotic stress, with two pairs of insects causing a significantly stronger plant reaction. On the basis of the VOCs identified and their emitted concentrations for two pairs of feeding adult striped shieldbugs, two blends of VOCs were prepared in three concentrations: blend I-(Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate and 1-hexyl acetate, and blend II-(Z)-ocimene, linalool, benzyl acetate, Me salicylate, β-caryophyllene and (E)-β-farnesene. Using an olfactometer (Y-tube) to study insect behavior, it was found that the male striped shieldbugs were not attracted to any of the blends at any concentration Female shieldbugs were attracted to blend I at concentration 1. As for the remaining concentrations of both blends, females and males were repelled, with the higher the concentration the stronger the insect reaction.

Journal of Applied Entomology published new progress about Aelia acuminata. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, COA of Formula: C9H10O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iniguez-Munoz, L. E. published the artcileThe production of esters and gene expression by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation on Agave tequilana juice in continuous cultures, COA of Formula: C10H20O2, the main research area is Saccharomyces Agave fermentation juice ester gene expression.

Volatile esters are formed during alc. fermentation, particularly that performed by yeasts. These compounds confer fruity attributes to drinks. Fermented beverages contain namely two groups of esters: acetate esters formed by alc. acetyltransferase enzymes (Atf1 and Atf2) and Et esters produced by the acyl-CoA ethanol O-acyltransferase enzymes (Eht1 and Eeb1), encoded by the ATF1, ATF2, EHT1 and EEB1 genes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen addition, aeration and low temperatures on ester production during fermentation on Agave tequilana juice in a continuous system. Low temperatures increased Et esters production (4.5-fold) and enhanced the expression of the involved genes (more than 3.5-fold). Conversely, when compared to aeration, the effect was neg. as esters production decreased (75%) whereas the ATF1, ATF2 and EHT1 genes were repressed (0.6-, 0.8- and 0.4-fold, resp.). The results obtained during a continuous cultivation on Agave tequilana juice showed that production of esters occurred concomitantly with an increased gene expression, except for Et acetate. Therefore, the studied genes are not the only ones involved in its synthesis.

Revista Mexicana de Ingenieria Quimica published new progress about Agave tequilana. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, COA of Formula: C10H20O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics