Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Castro, Gabriel Abranches Dias published the artcileMicrowave-assisted green synthesis of levulinate esters as biofuel precursors using calix[4]arene as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is levulinate ester sulfonic acid calixarene organocatalyst microwave green synthesis.

Levulinic acid, one of the top 12 value-added chems., can be obtained by the transformation of biomass by acid catalysis. Alkyl levulinate has been widely explored as a precursor for obtaining renewable fuel additives. In this work, the organocatalyst CX4SO3H was employed for the first time as an organocatalyst for levulinic acid esterification reactions. Various parameters, such as the temperature, reaction time, and catalyst load, were investigated. The optimized reaction conditions were a reaction temperature of 80°C (MWI), a reaction time of 2.5 min, a CX4SO3H catalyst load of 1 mol% and solvent-free conditions. Ten different alcs. were evaluated for the synthesis of alkyl levulinate with high yields (ca. 99%), with the exception of tert-Bu alc. (13% yield). The levulinic acid esterification reaction, a type of green chem. reaction, has many advantages such as (i) creation of a new C-O bonds, (ii) water being the sole waste, (iii) 100% carbon economy, (iv) metal- and solvent-free processes, (v) short time and (vi) nontoxic and reusable organocatalysts. These advantages, along with the simple workup procedure, make this efficient protocol a greener alternative to the traditional methods used for the synthesis of levulinate esters to generate biofuels.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Juyeon published the artcileProcess integration and economics of gamma-valerolactone using a cellulose-derived ethyl levulinate intermediate and ethanol solvent, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is ethyl levulinate gamma valerolactone preparation.

This study combines two catalytic conversion strategies, cellulose to Et levulinate and subsequently to gamma-valerolactone, into an integrated process. The effect of integrating the cellulose-to-Et levulinate and Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone processes on a com. scale is investigated to improve energy efficiency and economics by performing a process simulation study. The conversion strategies show a low energy efficiency of 6.8% using excess ethanol solvent to achieve high yields of Et levulinate and gamma-valerolactone; however, in the integrated process, 0.4% of the ethanol and 30.8% of the cellulose-to-Et levulinate heat requirements are supplied by the Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone process. The min. selling price for the integrated process is estimated to be $5.63/kg gamma-valerolactone, which makes it an economically feasible option for gamma-valerolactone production Finally, we conducted a sensitivity anal. of key parameters (cellulose price, steam price, and ethanol price) highly depending on the min. selling price of gamma-valerolactone.

Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Heat exchangers. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Su, Xueqian published the artcileAroma characterization of regional Cascade and Chinook hops (Humulus lupulus L.), HPLC of Formula: 111-11-5, the main research area is beta myrecene methyl octanoate geraniol linalool Humulus aroma quality; 2-Octanol (PubChem CID: 20083); Aroma chemistry; Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA); Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O); Geraniol (PubChem CID: 637566); Hops; Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549); Methyl octanoate (PubChem CID: 8091); Stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA); Standard addition method (SAM); cis-β-Farnesene (PubChem CID: 5317319); α-Humulene (PubChem CID: 6508206); β-Caryophyllene (PubChem CID: 5281522); β-Myrcene (PubChem CID: 31253).

Aroma compounds in Cascade and Chinook hops harvested from multiple Virginia locations were identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) and aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA). Selected aroma compounds were quantitated by combination of stable isotope dilution anal. (SIDA) and standard addition method (SAM). A total of 33 aroma-active compounds were detected in five samples with β-myrcene, Me octanoate, geraniol and linalool being the predominant compounds based on their high flavor dilution (FD) factors and odor activity values (OAVs). L-Calamenene and germacrene B was the major characteristic component unique to Cascade and Chinook variety, resp. Principal component anal. (PCA) showed distinctive aroma profiles for all samples except for Blacksburg and Petersburg Cascade. Hierarchical cluster anal. (HCA) reflected the higher contents of most aroma-active compounds in Meadow view Cascade and Chinook when compared to their counterparts. The significant variations suggested the potential influences of environmental factors and agronomic practices on hop aroma quality.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Humulus lupulus. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, HPLC of Formula: 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Han, Ge published the artcileImpacts of different altitudes and natural drying times on lipolysis, lipid oxidation and flavour profile of traditional Tibetan yak jerky, Quality Control of 111-11-5, the main research area is lipid oxidation lipolysis volatile compound physicochem property; Free fatty acids; Sensory characteristics; Volatile compounds; Yak jerky.

The impact of different altitudes on the physicochem. properties, lipolysis, lipid oxidation, volatile compound formation and sensory evaluation of traditional Tibetan dried yak jerky during natural drying was investigated. High altitude (HA) yak jerky showed higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than low altitude (LA) yak jerky during natural drying (P < 0.05). The percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased during natural drying, whereas that of saturated fatty acids increased (P < 0.05). A total of 54 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, and there were higher contents of volatile compounds in HA yak jerky than in LA jerky, which were mainly derived from lipid oxidation Principal component anal. showed that the volatile compounds associated with the highest overall acceptability in HA yak jerky were hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, 1-hexanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-3-octanone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. The volatile compounds associated with the highest overall acceptability for yak jerky with a longer natural drying time were hexane, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, heptanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-ol and 2,3-octanedione. According to the sensory evaluations, HA yak jerky with a natural drying time of 75 d tends to be more popular. Meat Science published new progress about Lipid oxidation. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Quality Control of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Huimin published the artcileThe effect of the LC mixtures with the different clearing point on temperature dependence of the electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals, Application In Synthesis of 142-90-5, the main research area is polymer dispersed liquid crystal clearing point electro optical property.

Two groups of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have been studied, results indicated, when the liquid crystals (LCs) and the UV monomers before curing in the preparation had poor miscibility, the PDLCs showed poor electro-optical properties. Then, we obtained a series of LC mixtures based on E8 and B001, the clearing point of which changed from 71.6°C to 142.0°C. The further study on the effect of temperature on the electro-optical properties of PDLCs indicated that PDLCs with high temperature resistance may be obtained by increasing the clearing point of LCs coupled with manipulating other LC parameters.

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals published new progress about Liquid crystals. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Application In Synthesis of 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bernardo, Naissa Previde published the artcileVolatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil), SDS of cas: 6259-76-3, the main research area is sparkling wine training system volatile composition; GC-MS; GDC; HS-SPME; aroma; crop; lyre.

The grapevine is a climbing plant and allows for the manipulation of vegetative canopies to change the microclimate and exposure of leaves and clusters to solar radiation, affecting the primary and secondary metabolisms of plants. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate how the lyre and Geneva double-curtain (GDC) training systems could contribute to the volatile composition of sparkling wines in replicates of vinifications carried out in the Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil) in two consecutive summer harvests (2017 and 2018). Fifty-four free volatile compounds were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS in the wines in both systems and vintages. Multivariate anal. differentiated the vintages in component 1 (22.7%) and the training systems in component 2 (7.1%). The crops were differentiated by aldehydes in 2017 and in 2018 by isoamyl acetate ester, probably derived from the amino acid leucine, the season having been more humid, with lower temperatures and less radiation. For the training systems, besides the alc. compounds, the GDC was differentiated by the terpenoid compounds geranylacetone and β-damascenone, which may contribute more pleasant aromas to sparkling wines. This work promotes addnl. research and enables winegrowers, through the management of their vineyards, to achieve sparkling wines with different volatile compositions

Foods published new progress about Soils, vineyard. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, SDS of cas: 6259-76-3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah published the artcileStudy of Density, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures Containing Alkyl Levulinate and n-Alcohol from 298.15 to 323.15 K, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is surface tension refractive index binary mixture alkyl levulinate alc.

Alkyl levulinate, prepared from the esterification of levulinic acid and n-alc., has the potential to be used as a fuel additive. Alc. has also been used as an additive in fuel to improve ignition and combustion characteristics to a certain extent. For this reason, the properties of mixtures containing these compounds are of particular interest. Herein, measurements of d. (ρ), surface tension (γ), and refractive index (n) were conducted for three binary mixtures of Me levulinate-methanol (ML-M), Et levulinate-ethanol (EL-E), and Bu levulinate-butanol (BL-B). These properties were measured over the entire range of compositions in 0.1 increments of the molar fraction of the components in the temperature range of T = 298.15-323.15 K and at an atm. pressure of p = 0.1 MPa. The exptl. data were used to calculate the excess and deviation properties, i.e., excess molar volumes (VmΕ), surface tension deviations (Δγ), and molar refraction deviations (ΔR). The VmΕ, Δγ, and ΔR values were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The VmΕ and ΔR values were neg. for all compositions, whereas Δγ exhibited both neg. and pos. values at different compositions The mol. interactions of the binary mixtures are discussed from these excess and deviation functions. Furthermore, the Jouyban-Acree model was used for the correlation of properties: d., surface tension, and refractive index of the studied mixtures at different temperatures (T = 298.15-323.15 K). The results are expected to provide fundamental data for understanding the properties of alkyl levulinate as a potential bio-based fuel additive.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Binary mixtures. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Du, Weibiao published the artcileDensity and viscosity for binary mixtures of methyl decanoate with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is methyl decanoate propanol butanol pentanol density viscosity molar volume.

In this work, the volumetric and viscometric properties of the mixtures of Me decanoate with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol were investigated from 298.15 K to 333.15 K. The d. data of the mixtures were obtained based on the vibrating-tube densimeter, and the kinematic viscosities of the mixtures were measured using the Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. Based on the exptl. data, the excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were calculated and correlated with the Redlich-Kister equation. In addition, the McAllister four-body model, Frenkel model, Grunberg-Nissan model, and Heric’s model were used to correlate the viscosities of the mixtures

Journal of Molecular Liquids published new progress about Binary mixtures. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Guanjia published the artcileExperiment and correlation of the thermophysical properties for binary and ternary liquid mixtures of three fatty acid ethyl esters and n-dodecane, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is fatty acid ethyl ester dodecane binary mixture thermophys property.

In present study, surface light scattering (SLS) was used for the simultaneous determination of liquid surface tension and kinematic viscosity of the binary and ternary mixtures of three fatty acid Et esters (FAEEs) and n-dodecane. The SLS apparatus was firstly checked with n-dodecane and a good agreement between our data and those from literatures could be found. By utilizing this apparatus, both properties were investigated in the temperature ranges between (308 and 413) K. Addnl., the liquid d. and refractive index were determined by a densimeter between (293 and 423) K and a refractometer from (278 to 358) K, resp. The thermophys. property data obtained in this study were correlated as polynomial equations of temperature and mole fraction of the pure components. This work provided the crucial thermophys. properties and the corresponding models in connection with the application in the design and optimization of the injection system of internal combustion engine (ICE).

Journal of Molecular Liquids published new progress about Binary mixtures. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fan, Jing published the artcileLiquid thermal conductivity of binary mixtures containing a diesel compound n-dodecane + biodiesel compounds: methyl caprate and ethyl caprate, COA of Formula: C11H22O2, the main research area is dodecane methyl ethyl caprate biodiesel compound liquid thermal conductivity.

Biodiesel which is comprising of Fatty Acid Me Esters (FAMEs) or Fatty Acid Et Esters (FAEEs) mixtures, has attracted tremendous attention as a potential renewable and biodegradable fuel in internal combustion engines, because of their beneficial effects on pollution emission and engine performance. In this work, the liquid thermal conductivity of two binary mixtures containing a diesel compound n-dodecane + biodiesel compounds: Me caprate and Et caprate was measured by means of transient hot-wire method at the teamperature range between 292 K and 362 K at atm. pressure. Based on the exptl. data of two binary mixtures, the correction about three useful correlations which are available to calculate the liquid thermal conductivity of mixtures have been conducted.

Thermochimica Acta published new progress about Binary mixtures. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, COA of Formula: C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics