Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Goswami, Lalit published the artcileAnthracene Biodegradation by Oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus for Biodiesel Production and Its Characterization, Formula: C23H46O2, the main research area is anthracene biodegradation oleaginous Rhodococcus biodiesel production characterization.

This study examined biodegradation of anthracene, a model low mol. weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) by oleaginous Rhodococcus opacus for biodiesel production Specific biomass growth rate (μ) in the range of 0.0075-0.0185/h could be attained over the initial anthracene concentration (50-500 mg/L), along with 68-70.6% (weight/weight) lipid accumulation. 10% (volume/volume) inoculum size showed more pos. effect than 5% (volume/volume) inoculum size on both anthracene biodegradation efficiency and lipid accumulation by R. opacus. 1H and 13C NMR (NMR) spectroscopy of the bacterial lipids revealed 82.25% saturated fatty acids content. The transesterified bacterial lipids predominantly consisted of Me palmitate (32.4%) and Me stearate (25.9%) as the major fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs). Overall, this study revealed a very good potential of the bacterium for the production of biodiesel from PAH-containing wastewater.

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds published new progress about Biodegradation. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Formula: C23H46O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Al Farraj, Dunia A. published the artcilePolynuclear aromatic anthracene biodegradation by psychrophilic Sphingomonas sp., cultivated with tween-80, Quality Control of 140-11-4, the main research area is polynuclear aromatic anthracene Sphingomonas tween 80 biodegradation; Anthracene; Optimization; PAHs; Sphingomonas; Tween-80.

Anthracene is a low mol. weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) being identified as a precedence toxic contaminant in the ecosystem. Thus, the present work was designed to evaluate anthracene biodegradation efficiency by selected marine bacteria. From the marine isolates, the most effective anthracene biodegrading strain was identified as Sphingomonas sp., KSU05. Time course batch growth results indicated that the isolate KSU05 was capable of surviving up to 500 mg/L of anthracene. The influence of various nutrient sources were screened for enhanced growth and pyrene degradation, based on results glucose and tween-80 were used for further optimization studies. Batch exptl. anal. showed maximum biodegradation (70.5%) of anthracene (50 mg/L) with enhanced survival of Sphingomonas sp. KSU05 was observed at 96 h of cultivation. Box-Behnken design optimization results showed that the culture conditions enhanced the anthracene biodegradation (90.0%) at pH 7.0, 0.3 mM of tween-80 concentration, and 5.5% of glucose concentration In addition, the isolate Sphingomonas sp. KSU05 was found to rapidly degrade anthracene within 96 h. The anthracene intermediates was analyzed using Gas chromatog. mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Overall, this research shown that the Sphingomonas sp., cultivated with suggested optimum conditions could provide an effective prospective for the degradation of anthracene from contaminated environment.

Chemosphere published new progress about Biodegradation. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Quality Control of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

O’Reilly, Kirk T. published the artcileOxygen-Containing Compounds Identified in Groundwater from Fuel Release Sites Using GCxGC-TOF-MS, SDS of cas: 111-11-5, the main research area is oxygen containing compound groundwater fuel release wastewater treatment.

This research continues a 7-yr study of oxygen-containing organic compounds present in groundwater at gasoline and diesel fuel release sites that are quantified as diesel-range “”total petroleum hydrocarbons”” when measured by methods utilizing solvent extraction and gas chromatog. Two-dimensional gas chromatog. with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to tentatively identify 1162 compounds (TICs) in 113 groundwater samples from 22 sites. Samples were collected from wells either upgradient of the release, within the source zone, or downgradient of the source but still within the plume of dissolved organics associated with release. The names and formulas of all TICs found in samples from each well type are presented and the results from upgradient and downgradient locations are compared in detail. About 60% of the most frequently detected TICs in downgradient wells were also detected in upgradient wells. A majority of these were saturated straight chain alkyl acids, commonly called fatty acids, or fatty acid esters. Of TICs frequently detected in downgradient wells but not upgradient wells, over half were branched alkyl alcs. Hierarchical cluster anal. results suggest about 80% of the chem. composition of downgradient samples is more similar to upgradient samples than to source area samples. Results suggest some TICs may not be petroleum degradation intermediates but compounds synthesized by microorganisms through secondary production and carbon cycling.

Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation published new progress about Biodegradation. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, SDS of cas: 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

O’Malley, Elissa published the artcileThe presence of selected UV filters in a freshwater recreational reservoir and fate in controlled experiments, Safety of Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, the main research area is UV filter freshwater photodegradation biodegradation; Degradation; Environmental half-life; Personal care products; Sunscreen agents.

UV filters present in sunscreen and other cosmetics are directly released into the environment during aquatic recreational activities. The extent to which the wide range of UV filters pose a risk to the environment remains unclear. This study investigated the occurrence and dissipation of selected organic UV filters at a recreational site (Enoggera Reservoir, Queensland, Australia) over 12 h. Furthermore, different possible degradation processes were investigated in a controlled off-site experiment with surface water exposed to natural light. Half-lives were estimated for ten UV filters. In Enoggera Reservoir, seven UV filters were detected, of which the most prevalent were octocrylene, avobenzone (BMDBM) and enzacamene (4-MBC). Summed concentrations of the seven UV filters ranged from 7330 ng L-1 at 13:00 h to 2550 ng L-1 at 21:00 h. In the degradation experiment, four UV filters showed no significant change over time. The fate of these compounds in the environment is likely to be mainly influenced by dispersion. Half-lives of the remaining UV filters were 6.6 h for amiloxate (IMC), 20 h for benzophenone 1, 23 h for octinoxate (EHMC), 30 h for 3-benzylidene camphor, 34 h for 4-MBC and 140 h for dioxybenzone (BP8). The degree of susceptibility to photodegradation and biodegradation was generally consistent within a structural class. The fate and half-lives of UV filters are variable and should be considered on a per site basis when assessing environmental risk.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Biodegradation. 71617-10-2 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C15H20O3, Safety of Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mohler, Rachel E. published the artcileTowards comprehensive analysis of oxygen containing organic compounds in groundwater at a crude oil spill site using GC×GC-TOFMS and Orbitrap ESI-MS, Computed Properties of 110-42-9, the main research area is organic compound groundwater crude oil spill comprehensive analysis; Bemidji; Biodegradation; GC×GC-TOFMS; High resolution mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Orbitrap ESI-MS.

In this study, both GC × GC-TOFMS and Orbitrap ESI-MS were used to characterize the oxygen containing organic compounds, OCOCs, present in groundwater at a site where a crude oil pipeline ruptured decades ago. This is the only side-by-side comparison of results from these two methods analyzed by the same laboratory GC × GC-TOFMS anal. shows OCOCs identified at the crude oil-release site are consistent with, and structurally similar to, those identified at previously studied fuel release sites. Mol. structures close to the release point differ from those found downgradient, becoming less complex and with different compound classes dominating. As with the GC × GC-TOFMS, the Orbitrap revealed that the composition of OCOCs present in groundwater close to the source area was distinctly different from that seen downgradient; however, the chem. structures increased significantly in size and complexity from wells near the source to the farthest downgradient well. Investigation into this finding suggests that the presence and structures of these non-GC-able OCOCs are consistent with organic matter resulting from biosynthesis or other processes found in natural water systems and are unlikely to be intermediates (metabolites) along petroleum biodegradation pathways.

Chemosphere published new progress about Biodegradation. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Computed Properties of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khajone, Vijay B. published the artcileBronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid: An efficient photo-catalyst for production of biofuel component octyl levulinate at ambient conditions under visible light irradiation, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is Bronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine perylene diimide framework esterification; biofuel octyl levulinate visible light irradiation ionic liquid photocatalyst.

Novel Broensted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid (BAFPcPDIL) was synthesized and confirmed by instrumentation techniques. DRS-spectrum and Hammett value has been determined to confirm band-gap and proton levels of photo-catalyst, resp. The photo-catalytic performance was evaluated by production of octyl levulinate (OL) using levulinic acid (LA) with n-octyl alc. (OA) under visible light irradiations. Response surface methodol. (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 29 experiments was applied to explore consequences of 4 crucial process variables: catalyst loading (A), molar ratio of reactants (B) and power of visible light (C), duration in hour (D) on OL yield. From the model, the optimum conditions for the utmost conversion were found as: 10 mg catalyst with (1:1) alc. to LA molar ratio under 12 W lamp, in 12 h for completing esterification reaction with 95.58% yield of OL. With optimum conditions, various alkyl esters such as Me levulinate 92.14%, Et levulinate 93.12%, Pr levulinate 91.45%, isoPr levulinate 92.38%, Bu levulinate 85.13%, n-pentyl levulinate 86.35%, n-hexyl levulinate 89.57%, CMe3 levulinate 91.58%, were successfully synthesized with excellent yields. The plausible photocatalytic mechanism of the esterification reaction was also described. The study was extended on blending of OL with diesel sample in 10-30%, found comparable result of d., kinematic viscosity, calorific values, cetane number, flash, fire and pour point of the blended samples with blank diesel sample and appreciable changes in exhaust gases of 25% blended diesel sample. Addnl., BAFPcPDIL displayed good recyclability without loss of photo reactivity after 4 runs.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rosli, Siti-Suhailah published the artcileModeling to enhance attached microalgal biomass growth onto fluidized beds packed in nutrients-rich wastewater whilst simultaneously biofixing CO2 into lipid for biodiesel production, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5, the main research area is Chlorella microalgal biomass carbon dioxide biofixation biodiesel fluidized bioreactor.

One way to reconcile an issue associating with the harvesting of microalgal biomass is via the application of attached growth cultivation mode, whereby the mature microalgal biomass can be facilely harvested from the support material. Accordingly, the objectives of present works were to model the attached growth of Chlorella vulgaris onto polyurethane foam support material in a fluidized bed bioreactor while simultaneously bioremediating real nutrients-rich wastewater and biofixing CO2 for biodiesel production The math. models accounting the impact of various interactions between light intensities and CO2 concentrations in culture medium on growing attached microalgal biomass were initially improved. The successful practicality of models was confirmed from the anal. of statistical accuracy while predicting the growth of attached microalgal biomass in real nutrients-rich wastewater. When the microalgal growth reached the stationary growth phase, all the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous sources of compounds) were completed impoverished, accentuating the bioremediation potentiality in satisfying the effluent discharged requirements. Subsequently, the modeling of microalgal CO2 biofixation also unveiled that the highest CO2 biofixation rate was transpiring in parallel with the growth rate of attached microalgal biomass during the exponential growth phase. Upon the harvesting, the neutral lipid from mature attached microalgal biomass was found to contain 97.7% (by weight of lipid) of fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs) mixture, heralding the biodiesel purity. Assessment of biodiesel quality showed a balance composition among the saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAMEs mixture with high in C16 and C18 FAME species for the materialization of efficient combustion.

Energy Conversion and Management published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Seong Ju published the artcileEffect of thermochemically fractionation before hydrothermal liquefaction of herbaceous biomass on biocrude characteristics, HPLC of Formula: 623-50-7, the main research area is Miscanthus kenaf phenol hydrothermal liquefaction high performance liquid chromatog.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fractionated two types herbaceous biomass (kenaf and miscanthus) by dilute acid, organosolv, alk., or demineralization process was carried out under ethanol water co-solvent at 350°C for 30 min to examine the biocrude yield and characteristics. The biocrude properties were comprehensively characterized by HPLC, elemental, GC-MS, and TGA anal. Fractionation technologies before HTL effectively increased biocrude yield up to 38% compared to that of untreated herbaceous biomass (31%), except for organosolv fractionation of miscanthus, especially, HTL after alk. fractionation showed high yield and energy recovery ratio up to 70%. Elemental anal. showed that HHV of biocrude was neg. affected by hydrolysis reaction of high lignin content after dilute acid fractionation. The GC-MS anal. revealed that carbohydrates-derived compound significantly increased in the biocrude obtained after organosolv and alk. fractionation due to holocellulose increases through fractionation process. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the ratio of high-boiling-point compounds in biocrude obtained after demineralization was expanded compared with untreated due to ash removal, which could act as a catalyst.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, HPLC of Formula: 623-50-7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Seong Ju published the artcileEffect of thermochemically fractionation before hydrothermal liquefaction of herbaceous biomass on biocrude characteristics, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Miscanthus kenaf phenol hydrothermal liquefaction high performance liquid chromatog.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fractionated two types herbaceous biomass (kenaf and miscanthus) by dilute acid, organosolv, alk., or demineralization process was carried out under ethanol water co-solvent at 350°C for 30 min to examine the biocrude yield and characteristics. The biocrude properties were comprehensively characterized by HPLC, elemental, GC-MS, and TGA anal. Fractionation technologies before HTL effectively increased biocrude yield up to 38% compared to that of untreated herbaceous biomass (31%), except for organosolv fractionation of miscanthus, especially, HTL after alk. fractionation showed high yield and energy recovery ratio up to 70%. Elemental anal. showed that HHV of biocrude was neg. affected by hydrolysis reaction of high lignin content after dilute acid fractionation. The GC-MS anal. revealed that carbohydrates-derived compound significantly increased in the biocrude obtained after organosolv and alk. fractionation due to holocellulose increases through fractionation process. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the ratio of high-boiling-point compounds in biocrude obtained after demineralization was expanded compared with untreated due to ash removal, which could act as a catalyst.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul published the artcileEffect of nitazoxanide on diarrhea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, SDS of cas: 55981-09-4, the main research area is review nitazoxanide antidiarrheals diarrhea; Antibiotic; Diarrhea; Meta-analysis; Nitazoxanide; Systematic review.

We aimed to systematically review evidence pertaining to the safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide in treating infectious diarrhea. On Sept. 21, 2017, we identified relevant studies using 12 databases. The estimates of the included studies were pooled as a risk ratio (RR). We conducted a network and pairwise random-effects meta-anal. for both direct and indirect comparisons of different organisms that are known to cause diarrhea. The primary and secondary anal. outcomes were clin. response until cessation of illness, parasitol. response and adverse events. We included 18 studies in our anal. In cryptosporidiosis, the overall estimate favored nitazoxanide in its clin. response in comparison with placebo RR 1.46 [95% CI 1.22-1.74; P-value <0.0001]. Network meta-anal. among patients with Giardia intestinalis showed an increase in the probability of diarrheal cessation and parasitol. responses in comparison with placebo, RR 1.69 [95% CI 1.08-2.64, P-score 0.27] and RR 2.91 [95% CI 1.72-4.91, P-score 0.55] resp. In Clostridium difficile infection, the network meta-anal. revealed a non-significantly superior clin. response effect of nitazoxanide to metronidazole 31 days after treatment RR 1.21 [95% CI 0.87-1.69, P-score 0.26]. In Entamoeba histolytica, the overall estimate significantly favored nitazoxanide in parasitol. response with placebo RR 1.80 [95% CI 1.35-2.40, P-value < 0.001]. We highlighted the effectiveness of nitazoxanide in the cessation of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica infection. We also found significant superiority of NTZ to metronidazole in improving the clin. response to G. intestinalis, thus it may be a suitable candidate for treating infection-induced diarrhea. To prove the superiority of NTZ during a C. difficile infection may warrant a larger-scale clin. trial since its superiority was deemed insignificant. We recommend nitazoxanide as an appropriate option for treating infectious diarrhea. Acta Tropica published new progress about Antidiarrheals. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, SDS of cas: 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics