Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Zhao, Tingting published the artcileSpecific role of aluminum site on the activation of carbonyl groups of methyl levulinate over Al(OiPr)3 for γ-valerolactone production, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is valerolactone methyl levulinate production aluminum isopropoxide activation.

The high-efficiency synthesis of biofuel γ-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass-derived levulinates is a challenging task. The Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction with its extraordinary chemoselectivity is advantageous for the hydrogenation process, compared to the mol.-hydrogen-based process using noble metal catalysts. Therefore, we used a classical Al-based isopropoxide to catalyze transfer hydrogenation (CHT) of Me levulinate (ML) to GVL. A high yield of GVL up to 97.6% could be achieved using 2-proponal as the H-donor and solvent under mild conditions (150°C, 30 min). Besides, three reaction stages were observed in the conversion, including transesterification, hydrogenation and cyclization. LC/MS anal. and the d. functional theory (DFT) caculations revealed that Al atom of Al(OiPr)3 as the electron transfer center activated ester carbonyl of the substrate via fourmembered transition states before activating the ketone carbonyl, resulting in the occurrence of transesterification prior to the hydrogenation. In addition, 2-propanol as proton transfer carrier assisting the cyclization process was proved to be the lowest-energy pathway. Our work shed light on the role of Al(OiPr)3 in the MPV reduction of ML, providing a comprehensive understanding on the metal alkoxide catalysis mechanism for GVL production

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Deng, Tianyu published the artcileContinuous Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to 1,4-Pentanediol over 2.8Cu-3.5Fe/SBA-15 Catalyst at Low Loading: The Effect of Fe Doping, Quality Control of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydrogenation ethyl levulinate pentanediol catalyst iron doping; copper; doping; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; iron.

Bimetallic Cu-Fe catalysts with low loading were prepared for hydrogenation of Et levulinate (EL) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO). Among them, 2.8Cu-3.5Fe/SBA-15 (Cu/Fe molar ratio of 1:1.5) performed best, capable of converting EL to the key intermediate γ-valerolactone (GVL) at 140 °C with 97 % yield. It can also be used to hydrogenate GVL to 1,4-PDO with 92.6 % selectivity or convert EL to 1,4-PDO in one pot. The high activity of the catalyst at such a low loading was attributed to the highly dispersed metal species and the Fe doping effect. Various characterization methods indicated that Fe acted as both structural and electronic modifier to promote the chem. properties of the Cu species. Besides, the incorporation of Fe provided abundant Lewis acid sites and accelerated the reaction process. CuFeO2 was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XPS, and XRD. On the basis of a combination of characterization and reaction kinetics, synergistic catalysis by Cu0 and CuFeO2 is considered to be responsible for the excellent performance of the Cu-Fe catalysts.

ChemSusChem published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Quality Control of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileSelective production of valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol from levulinic acid/esters over Co-based catalyst and importance of synergy of hydrogenation sites and acidic sites, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is magnesium cobalt catalyst ethyl levulinate hydrogenation valerolactone pentanediol.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are the value-added chems., selectivities of which from conversion of levulinic acid/ester depend on balanced distribution of metallic sites and other active sites of the catalysts. In this study, Co-based catalysts with various precursors of LDH structures were synthesized to investigate the roles of hydrogenation, acidic and basic sites in the formation of GVL and 1,4-PDO from Et levulinate (EL). The results indicated that Al in Co-Mg-Al or Co-Al created acidic sites and facilitated cobalt dispersion by developing porous structures and strong interaction with Co species. Kinetic study indicated that the conversion of GVL controlled the formation rate of 1,4-PDO from EL. The superior catalytic activity and recyclability were observed over Co-Mg-Al and Co-Al catalysts, with the selectivity of both of GVL and 1,4-PDO reaching 98%, which was equivalent or superior to noble-metal based catalysts. Bronsted acidic sites in catalyst could facilitate the lactonization of Et 4-hydroxyvalerate to GVL and the ring-opening of GVL to 1,4-PDO, by cooperating with hydrogenation sites. Lewis acidic sites improved the adsorption of substrates and reaction intermediates, accelerating the ring-opening of GVL. The synergy between acidic sites together with hydrogenation sites was the key for achieving the excellent catalytic performance.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hsiao, Chia-Yu published the artcileA comparative study on microwave-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using Ru/C, Pt/C, and Pd/C, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid hydrogenation valerolactone synthesis ruthenium platinum palladium catalyst.

Conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using conventional heating (CH) involves long reaction times, and low yields. Microwave (MW) heating seems a solution to address these issues as MW accelerates reactions and enhances yields. In this study, three typical catalysts, Ru/C, Pt/C and Pd/C, are compared for LA conversion using MW heating. In comparison to CH processes, MW-assisted processes significantly enhance LA conversion to GVL with higher yields by Ru/C and Pt/C. While elevated temperatures and secondary alcs. are favorable for LA conversion by these catalysts, Ru/C appears as the most effective catalyst as it can reach LA conversion as 100%, selectivity of GVL as 99% and yield of GVL as 99% at 160°C. The results of this study confirm that MW was a promising process for enhancing LA conversion and Ru/C shows the highest catalytic activity, followed by Pt/C and Pd/C.

Chemical Engineering Communications published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jiang, Liang published the artcileA nitrogen-doped carbon modified nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid under mild conditions, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid hydrogenation gamma valerolactone carbon modified nickel alumina.

The conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is 1 of the most important reactions from biomass-derived platform chems. to value-added chems. N-doped C was introduced into a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and was employed for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL with a full conversion and equivalent yield under mild conditions, at as low as ambient H pressure and 130° for 6 h. The doping of N introduced NiNx species and the imperfection of modified N-doped C were beneficial for the selective hydrogenation of carbonyl groups. This catalyst showed excellent activity and selectivity in various solvents and could be recycled for at least 6 runs with little deactivation. In addition to LA, various substrates with both carbonyl and carboxyl groups could also be selectively hydrogenated to the corresponding lactones. This study offers both theor. foundation and practical instructions for the high-efficiency conversion of LA to GVL over nonnoble metal catalysts under mild conditions, especially ambient H2 pressure.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Padilla, Rosa published the artcileEfficient catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is valerolactone preparation alkyl levulinate catalytic hydrogenation.

Efficient hydrogenations of neat alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone were achieved with low catalyst loadings of either PNP Ru or Ir complexes, resp., in the presence of a small amount of a base at low temperature and H2 pressure. Quant. conversions and TONs reaching 9300 were achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of the system to perform several cycles. Finally, deuterium labeling and NMR studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Pengcheng published the artcileSynthesis and properties of the active polymer for enhanced heavy oil recovery, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is alkylphenol ethoxylate active polymer enhanced heavy oil recovery.

With the continued recovery of heavy oil, conventional polymer flooding cannot be applied to heavy oil reservoirs gradually due to the characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs. To study oil displacement agent suitable for enhanced heavy oil recovery and investigate the effect of EO chain length on the performances, acrylamide, acrylic acid, lauryl methacrylate and C10-C16 alkylphenol ethoxylates were selected to co-polymerize into the active polymer PAAP-x with different EO chain length (14, 16, 18, 20 and 22). Proton NMR anal. indicated PAAP-x as the target product. The optimal EO chain length of PAAP-x was determined to be 18 by the anal. of thickening, salt-tolerance, interfacial activity, wettability, viscosity reduction and recovery. Compared with conventional polymer P1, 1500 mg/L PAAP-18 exhibited superior performances with salinity of 6882.2 mg/L: (1) PAAP-18 could maintain the viscosity of 113.1 mPa.s, while P1was 44.8 mPa.s. (2) PAAP-18 could reduce the water-oil IFT from 44.4 mN/m to 13.0 mN/m, while P1 was to 30.6 mN/m, and the water-oil contact angle was 58.2°and 108.5°, resp. (3) The heavy oil viscosity reduction rate of PAAP-18 was 81.7% at 50 °C, while P1 was only 33.8%. (4) PAAP-18 enhanced heavy oil recovery by 19.85% on the basis of water flooding while conventional polymer was only 8.69%. This study has theor. guidance and practical significance for the study on new oil displacement agent to enhance heavy oil recovery.

Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects published new progress about Contact angle. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Boetje, Laura published the artcileMore efficient synthesis and properties of saturated and unsaturated starch esters, COA of Formula: C9H18O2, the main research area is synthesis property saturated unsaturated starch ester hydrophobicity contact angle; Fatty acid starch ester; Hydrophobicity; Methyl 10-undcenoate (PubChem CID: 8138); Methyl linoleate (PubChem CID: 5284421); Methyl octanoate (PubChem CID: 8091); Methyl oleate (PubChem CID: 5364509); Methyl stearate (PubChem CID: 8201); Methyl trans-2-octenoate (PubChem CID: 5364532); Methyl undecanoate (PubChem CID: 15607); Side-chain crystallinity; Thermal properties; Transesterification; Unsaturated fatty acid.

This work presents a series of starch esters synthesized via 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]-dec-5-ene (TBD) catalyzed transesterifications in DMSO (DMSO). The reaction was performed with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (8, 11, and 18 carbon atoms). The degree of substitution (DS) was raised by purging the reaction flask with nitrogen instead of simply performing the reaction under a nitrogen atm. The increase of DS was most obvious for long-chain fatty acids, as an almost complete DS was observed for starch stearate (2.8) and starch oleate (2.7). The products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), and X-ray diffraction. Starch esters from unsaturated fatty acids have a lower Tg than their saturated analogs. Moreover, contact angle and moisture uptake measurements showed increased hydrophobicity for all starch esters in comparison to pristine starch. Our results show a more efficient method for synthesizing a biobased material that steers into the direction of a material that could replace conventional plastics.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Contact angle. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, COA of Formula: C9H18O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hoeppener, Christiane published the artcileMultimodal Characterization of Resin Embedded and Sliced Polymer Nanoparticles by Means of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Force-Distance Curve Based Atomic Force Microscopy, Safety of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is sliced polymer nanoparticle Raman spectroscopy atomic force microscopy; force-distance curve based atomic force microscopy; microtome slicing; multimodal characterization; polymer nanoparticles; resin embedding; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Understanding the property-function relation of nanoparticles in various application fields involves determining their physicochem. properties, which is still a remaining challenge to date. While a multitude of different characterization tools can be applied, these methods by themselves can only provide an incomplete picture. Therefore, novel anal. techniques are required, which can address both chem. functionality and provide structural information at the same time with high spatial resolution This is possible by using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), but due to its limited depth information, TERS is usually restricted to investigations of the nanoparticle surface. Here, TERS experiments are established on polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) after resin embedding and microtome slicing. With that, unique access to their internal morphol. features is gained, and thus, enables differentiation between information obtained for core- and shell-regions. Complementary information is obtained by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and from force-distance curve based at. force microscopy (FD-AFM). This multimodal approach achieves a high degree of discrimination between the resin and the polymers used for nanoparticle formulation. The high potential of TERS combined with advanced AFM spectroscopy tools to probe the mech. properties is applied for quality control of the resin embedding procedure.

Small published new progress about Crystallinity. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Safety of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Yafei published the artcileSynthesis of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate hydrogenation and ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate lactonization over supported Cu-Ni bimetallic, bifunctional catalysts, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ethyl levulinate valerolactone hydrogenation bimetallic catalyst.

A stable and highly efficient supported Cu-Ni catalysts for the conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to gamma;-valerolactone (GVL) was developed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, TPR, and XPS. The support effect of metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) revealed that Cu-Ni supported on Al2O3 showed the highest activity for EL hydrogenation to Et 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and the subsequent intramol. esterification of EHP to GVL. EHP intramol. esterification to GVL in the ethanol solution was a reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 24 at 453 K. A simplified reaction kinetic network was established. The solvent had a significant influence on the reaction equilibrium and the catalyst stability. Cu-Ni/Al2O3 in n-hexane solvent gave a higher GVL yield than that in ethanol solvent, and showed better recyclability than that in toluene solvent. With optimizing the conditions, Cu-Ni/Al2O3 gave 99.9% conversion and 98% selectivity to GVL with a space-time yield of 1.13 gGVL g-1cath-1 in n-hexane solvent with good recyclability.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics