Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Sakti La Ore, M. published the artcileThe synthesis of SO4/ZrO2 and Zr/CaO catalysts via hydrothermal treatment and their application for conversion of low-grade coconut oil into biodiesel, HPLC of Formula: 111-11-5, the main research area is sulfate zirconia zirconium calcium oxide coconut oil biodiesel.

SO4/ZrO2 and Zr/CaO catalysts have been successfully synthesized and applied to esterification and transesterification process for conversion of coconut oil into biodiesel. SO4/ZrO2 catalyst was synthesized via hydrolysis (sol-gel) of ZrOCl2.8H2O, followed by hydrothermal process, sulfation in various concentration of (NH4)2SO4, and calcination at various temperatures Likewise with Zr/CaO was synthesized through the hydrothermal process by dispersing Zr4+ ions on CaO. Zr4+ was formed by desolvation of ZrOCl2.8H2O in water, then calcination was applied to determine the highest crystalline phase and total basicity. The SO4/ZrO2 catalyst had the highest total acidity and crystallized phase at concentrations of 0,5 M (NH4)2SO4 and calcination temperature of 500°C. The Zr/CaO base catalyst had the highest basicity and a new crystalline phase of CaZrO3 was formed at a concentration of 15% Zr/CaO and the calcination temperature of 800°C. 0.5 M SO4/ZrO2-500 effectively reduce coconut oil FFA levels in the esterification process. 15% Zr/CaO-800 catalyst successfully converted coconut oil into biodiesel in the transesterification process. The biodiesel produced is predominantly of Me laurate, Me myristate and Me palmitate.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering published new progress about Acidity. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, HPLC of Formula: 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, D. published the artcileEfficient transfer hydrogenation of alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by simple Zr-TiO2 metal oxide systems, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is zirconium titania metal oxide system ethyl levulinate valerolactone hydrogenation.

Zr-TiO2 synthesized heterogeneous catalysts could efficiently convert Et levulinates (ELs) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using isopropanol (2-PrOH) as H-donor. Obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), High revolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), NH3/CO2 temperature programmed desorption (NH3/CO2-TPD), pyridine-IR spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and N2 adsorption and desorption measurements. In total, 10 wt% Zr-TiO2 with average nanoparticle sizes (ca. 4-6 nm) exhibited optimum catalytic activity after optimization of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, as well as solvent effect. GVL yield reached 74% with 79% EL conversion at 190°C for 5 h over 10 wt% Zr-TiO2 in 2-PrOH. The high catalytic activity could be attributed to an appropriate proportion of acidic/basic sites, high Bronted/Lewis acid ratio, and large surface areas. Both acidic and basic sites lead to a synergistic effect on the concurrent activation of H-donor and substrate. The major side product Et 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and other byproducts were found. GVL yield achieved from Me levulinate (ML) and levulinic acid (LA) were 65% and 20%, resp. Catalyst deactivation was observed due to coke deposits on the catalyst’s surface. The spent catalyst proved to be reusable to recover almost completely its initial activity after calcination (300°C, 2 h). A plausible reaction mechanism is presented on the basis of characterization results.

Materials Today Chemistry published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hu, Lei published the artcileHighly selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan over an acid-base bifunctional hafnium-based coordination polymer catalyst, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is hafnium coordination catalyst HMF transfer hydrogenation.

The catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) pathway is a promising and appealing method for the selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) via the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction, in which the development of effective and economical catalysts is of great significance. Herein, this work designed and prepared a new hafnium-based metal-organic coordination polymer (Hf-DTMP) by the simple assembly of hafnium tetrachloride (HfCl4) and diethylene triaminepenta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTMP). Comprehensive studies demonstrated that Hf-DTMP is an amorphous and mesoporous catalyst with a strong acid-base bifunctionality, and so, it displayed excellent catalytic activity for the CTH of HMF into BHMF with a high yield of 96.8% in 2-butanol (sBuOH) at a moderate reaction temperature of 130 °C for 4 h. In addition, Hf-DTMP exhibited good heterogeneity, reusability and stability, and it could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by filtration and consecutively used for at least 5 recycles without a dramatic loss in catalytic activity. More gratifyingly, Hf-DTMP also showed superior universality for the CTH of 5-methylfurfural (MF), furfural (FF), levulinic acid (LA), Et levulinate (EL) and cyclohexanone (CHN) into the corresponding products with high yields, obviously indicating that it has tremendous potential for the selective hydrogenation of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Almeida Santos, Catia V. published the artcileImpact of SO2 and bentonite addition during fermentation on volatile profile of two varietal white wines, Application of Methyl decanoate, the main research area is sulfur oxide bentonite fermentation white wine.

To understand the impact of SO2 and ascorbic acid (AA) in must fermentation, Arinto and Siŕia musts were fermented under the same conditions, but in the presence of different doses of SO2 and with or without bentonite addition Arinto was fermented with 0, 50, 100 mg/L of SO2 and 100 mg/L of AA. Siria was fermented with 0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L of SO2 and 100 mg/L of AA. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Based on PCA results obtained from VOCs profiles for both varieties, first and second principal components were responsible for more than 60% of the resp. system′s variance. In both wines, the presence or absence of bentonite was clearly discriminated. This work also shows that depending on the different doses of SO2 used, the resulting VOC profiles clearly discriminate these different fermentation conditions. The use of AA in both varieties resulted in a different VOC profile compared to the use of SO2. From this study it was also possible to verify from the VOCs profile, that Arinto wine is less resilient to fermentation changes then Siria wine, which may impact technol. choices.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Acidity. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Application of Methyl decanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Almeida Santos, Catia V. published the artcileImpact of SO2 and bentonite addition during fermentation on volatile profile of two varietal white wines, Application of Methyl octanoate, the main research area is sulfur oxide bentonite fermentation white wine.

To understand the impact of SO2 and ascorbic acid (AA) in must fermentation, Arinto and Siŕia musts were fermented under the same conditions, but in the presence of different doses of SO2 and with or without bentonite addition Arinto was fermented with 0, 50, 100 mg/L of SO2 and 100 mg/L of AA. Siria was fermented with 0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L of SO2 and 100 mg/L of AA. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Based on PCA results obtained from VOCs profiles for both varieties, first and second principal components were responsible for more than 60% of the resp. system′s variance. In both wines, the presence or absence of bentonite was clearly discriminated. This work also shows that depending on the different doses of SO2 used, the resulting VOC profiles clearly discriminate these different fermentation conditions. The use of AA in both varieties resulted in a different VOC profile compared to the use of SO2. From this study it was also possible to verify from the VOCs profile, that Arinto wine is less resilient to fermentation changes then Siria wine, which may impact technol. choices.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Acidity. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application of Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yue, Yuanyuan published the artcileTemplate free synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolite Beta with natural kaolin clay as alumina source, Application In Synthesis of 140-11-4, the main research area is synthesis hierarchical porous zeolite Beta natural kaolin clay; acetic acid benzyl alc esterification catalyst.

A template free synthesis route was developed for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolite Beta from a natural layered aluminosilicate mineral kaolin. Detailed study on the crystallization of zeolite Beta established the optimized synthesis condition, and the synthesized hierarchical Beta zeolite was fully studied by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, Py-IR and NMR techniques. The characterization results reveal that the hierarchical Beta zeolite possesses good crystallinity, bimodal pore architecture, large surface area, big pore volume, high acid site concentration and excellent hydrothermal stability. An improved catalytic performance was achieved in hierarchical Beta zeolite for the esterification of acetic acid with benzyl alc., and the high activity and selectivity in this zeolite are mainly attributed to the presence of mesopores for accelerating the intraparticle diffusion rate of both reactant and product. This novel synthesis methodol. provides a low-cost and environmentally-benign way for the preparation of hierarchical Beta zeolite, which could serve a sustainable platform of large-scale production of hierarchical zeolite for practical application.

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials published new progress about Acidity. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Application In Synthesis of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gupta, Dinesh published the artcileTopotactic transformation of homogeneous phosphotungastomolybdic acid materials to heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for carbohydrate conversion to alkyl methylfurfural and alkyl levulinate, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is phosphotungastomolybdic acid carbohydrate catalytic dehydration etherication.

The strong interaction of higher transition metal oxides with inorganic non-metals can be promising for generating highly acidic three-dimensional materials by design. A comprehensive controlled acidity of heteropolyacid-like catalyst and interpretation of the microstructure and mechanism of the formation of a versatile heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, HPW4Mo10Ox has been heterogenized by biomass-derived cystine as organic linkers to control the acidity of as-synthesized materials, which have greater acidity and complexity in separation from the reaction mixture The new and unique results obtained in catalysis done in biphasic reaction. Cystine binds to the surface of HPW4Mo10Ox, and the topotactic transition occurred, change the morphol. and lattice parameter. We described here a sustainable transformation of highly acidic (0.84 mmol g-1) heteropoly acid (HPW4Mo10Ox) to cystine anchored on the active surface of the heteropoly acid and controlled the acidity (0.63 mmol g-1) and heterogenized the materials. As synthesized materials have been showing that for the direct formation of alkyl levulinate and furanics intermediate from carbohydrates. HPW4Mo10Ox and HPW4Mo10Ox-Cys, act as acidic catalyst, and catalyze the mono- and disaccharides that are dissolved in primary and secondary alcs. to alkyl levulinate (AL) and alkyl methylfurfural at 170°C under microwave irradiation with glucose as the substrate, AL yield reaches 62% with 84.95% selectivity. The catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and min. five times reused after calcination without any substantial change in the product selectivity. The anal. anal. of as-synthesis materials done by NH3-TPD, BET, XRD, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, FTIR, ATR, TGA, DTA to stabilized the morphol. and acidity controlled mechanism.

RSC Advances published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shin, Mi published the artcileEtherification of biomass-derived furanyl alcohols with aliphatic alcohols over silica-supported nickel phosphide catalysts: Effect of surplus P species on the acidity, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is etherification biomass furanyl alc aliphatic silica nickel phosphide catalyst.

The acidity of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts plays a crucial role in producing a desired hydrodeoxygenation mol. from biomass-derived substrates; yet, it has never been explored in acid-catalyzed reactions. Herein, we demonstrated the activity of silica-supported Ni2P catalyst prepared with the nominal P/Ni ratio of 2 (Ni2P/SiO2-2P) in the etherification of furanyl alcs. (particularly, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural) with aliphatic alcs. including ethanol. By comparing the characteristics of Ni/SiO2, PxOy/SiO2, and Ni2P/SiO2-xP (x = 0.5 and 1), Ni2P/SiO2-2P was revealed to contain the Bronsted and Lewis acid sites of which both contributed to the etherification reaction. Notably, the Bronsted acidity was associated with the surplus P species added to produce the Ni2P phase. Consequently, supported Ni2P catalysts can work in acid-catalyzed reactions if an adequate ratio of Bronsted to Lewis acid sites is provided by the amount of the surplus P species determined by adjusting the P/Ni ratio.

Applied Catalysis, A: General published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jamil, A. R. Md. published the artcileHigh-silica Hβ zeolite catalyzed methanolysis of triglycerides to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), Computed Properties of 111-11-5, the main research area is Hbeta zeolite triglyceride methanolysis fatty acid methyl ester.

Transesterification of biomass-derived triglycerides with methanol (methanolysis of triglycerides) is a promising method for the industrial production of the biodiesel fuel, fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs). Herein, we present a simple heterogeneous catalytic method for the selective transformation of triglycerides into FAMEs. For the methanolysis of trilaurin under reflux of methanol, a com. available high-silica Hβ zeolite (Hβ-75, Si/Al = 75) showed a higher yield of Me laurate than other zeolite catalysts, metal oxides, and conventional heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Under the optimized conditions, the method was widely applicable to the transformation of various triglycerides (C4-C18 frames) into the corresponding FAMEs (yields of 87-93%). The catalyst was furthermore reusable. Quant. relationships between acidity, hydrophobicity, and reaction rates vs. Si/Al ratio of Hβ zeolite catalysts show that a low affinity to glycerol, which arises from the hydrophobicity of the high-silica zeolites, is an important factor for controlling the catalytic activity.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Acidity. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Computed Properties of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oh, Shinyoung published the artcilePretreatment of bio-oil with ion exchange resin to improve fuel quality and reduce char during hydrodeoxygenation upgrading with Pt/C, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is bio oil ion exchange resin pretreatment hydrodeoxygenation fuel quality; Bio-oil; Pt/C catalyst; hydrodeoxygenation; ion-exchange resin; solid acid catalyst.

To obtain high-quality biofuel, bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of woody biomass was pretreated with ion exchange resin (amberlyst 36) at 50°C, 100°C, and 150°C, and then the recovered liquid product was upgraded using hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) with Pt/C at 300°C. After the two-stage upgrading, 4 types of products (gas, light oil, heavy oil, and char) were obtained. Two-immiscible liquid products were consisted of organic heavy oil, derived from bio-oil, and aqueous light oil, based on the ethanol. The mass balances of the HDO products were influenced by the pretreatment temperature Ion exchange pretreatment of bio-oil was effective in reducing the char formation during the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. The pretreatment also improved the following heavy oil properties: the water content, heating value, viscosity, acidity, and oxygen level. As a parameter used to indicate the biofuel acidity, the total acid number (TAN) value, was clearly reduced from 114.5 (bio-oil) to 34.1-78.2 (heavy oils). Furthermore, the water and oxygen contents of bio-oil (21.1 and 52.6 wt%, resp.) declined after the pretreatment followed by HDO (ranged 5.1-6.9 and 19.0-25.5 wt%, resp.), thereby improving its higher heating value (HHV) from 17.2 MJ/kg (bio-oil) to 26.2-28.1 MJ/kg (heavy oils). The degree of deoxygenation (DOD) increased as the pretreatment temperature decreased, and the highest energy efficiency (79.8%) was observed after pretreatment at 100°C. In terms of catalyst deactivation during the reaction, both carbon deposition and surface cracking intensified with increasing pretreatment temperatures

Environmental Technology published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics