Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Onkarappa, Sharath Bandibairanahalli published the artcilePreparation of alkyl levulinates from biomass-derived 5-(halomethyl)furfural (X = Cl, Br), furfuryl alcohol, and angelica lactone using silica-supported perchloric acid as a heterogeneous acid catalyst, Quality Control of 539-88-8, the main research area is alkyl levulinate halomethylfurfural furfuryl alc lactone silica perchloric acid; biomass heterogeneous acid catalyst.

This work reports the synthesis of a series of alkyl levulinates from biomass-derived 5-(halomethyl)furfural (X = Cl, Br), furfuryl alc., and angelica lactone using silica-supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. The solvent-free, one-pot preparation afforded levulinate esters in excellent isolated yields (> 84%). The reactions were performed at 120 °C for 6 h in a batch-type glass pressure reactor using XMF and furfuryl alc. in presence of excess of the alc. reagent and 4 weight% of the HClO4-SiO2 catalyst (0.028 mmol HClO4). Furthermore, the reaction protocol was extended for the synthesis of ALs starting with angelica lactone at 90 °C for 2 h in a round-bottomed flask by using excess alc. and 4 weight% of the HClO4-SiO2 catalyst.

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery published new progress about Angelica. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Quality Control of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Erukainure, Ochuko L. published the artcileL-leucine stimulation of glucose uptake and utilization involves modulation of glucose – lipid metabolic switch and improved bioenergetic homeostasis in isolated rat psoas muscle ex vivo, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is leucine glucose lipid metabolism bioenergetic homeostasis; Glucose-uptake; Glucose–Lipid switch; Leucine; Metabolomics; Type 2 diabetes.

The antidiabetic effect of l-leucine has been attributed to its modulatory effect on glucose uptake and lipid metabolism in muscles. However, there is a dearth on its effect on glucose metabolism in muscles. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of l-leucine – stimulated glucose uptake on glucose metabolism, dysregulated lipid metabolic pathways, redox and bioenergetic homeostasis, and proteolysis in isolated psoas muscle from Sprague Dawley male rats. Isolated psoas muscles were incubated with l-leucine (30-240 μg/mL) in the presence of 11.1 mMol glucose at 37 C for 2 h. Muscles incubated in only glucose served as the control, while muscles not incubated in l-leucine and/or glucose served as the normal control. Metformin (6.04 mM) was used as the standard antidiabetic drug. Incubation with l-leucine caused a significant increase in muscle glucose uptake, with an elevation of glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, E-NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase activities. It also led to the depletion of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, ATPase, chymotrypsin, acetylcholinesterase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and lipase activities. There was an alteration in lipid metabolites, with concomitant activation of glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and fatty acid elongation in mitochondria in the glucose-incubated muscle (neg. control). Incubation with l-leucine reversed these alterations, and concomitantly deactivated the pathways. These results indicate that l-leucine-enhanced muscle glucose uptake involves improved redox and bioenergetic homeostasis, with concomitant suppressed proteolytic, glycogenolytic and gluconeogenetic activities, while modulating glucose – lipid metabolic switch.

Amino Acids published new progress about Animalia. 41114-00-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl pentadecanoate, and the molecular formula is C17H34O2, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ding, Lianqin published the artcileAn in vivo and in vitro model on the protective effect of corilagin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulation of apoptosis and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathways, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1, the main research area is corilagin doxorubicin cardiotoxicity apoptosis AKT signaling pathway oxidative stress; H9c2 cells; PI3-K/AKT; apoptosis; cardiotoxicity; corilagin; doxorubicin.

Globally, doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardio dysfunction is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in cancerous patients. An adverse event of cardiotoxicity is the main deem to restrict in the clin. application by oncologists. Corilagin (CN) is well known for its antioxidative, anti-fibrosis, and anticancer effects. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the action of CN on DOX-induced exptl. animals and H9c2 cells. The myocardium-specific marker, CK-MB, and the influx of mitochondrial calcium levels were measured by using com. kits. Biochem. indexes reflecting oxidative stress and antioxidant attributes such as malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also analyzed in DOX-induced cardiotoxic animals. In addition, mitochondrial ROS were measured by DCFH-DA in H9c2 cells under fluorescence microscopy. DOX induction significantly increased oxidative stress levels and also modulated apoptosis/survival protein expressions in myocardial tissues. Western blots were used to measure the expressional levels of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3, PI3-K/AKT, and PPARγsignaling pathways. Histol. studies were executed to observe morphol. changes in myocardial tissues. All of these DOX-induced effects were attenuated by CN (100 mg/kg bw). These in vitro and in vivo results point towards the fact that CN might be a novel cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through modulating cardio apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology published new progress about Animalia. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Beilin published the artcileNovel drug targets for treatment of cryptosporidiosis, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is review nitazoxanide cryptosporidiosis HIV; Cryptosporidium; cryptosporidiosis; drug targets; protozoa.

IntroductionCryptosporidiumspecies are protozoan parasites that are important causes of diarrheal disease including waterborne outbreaks, childhood diarrhea in resource-poor countries, and diarrhea in compromised hosts worldwide. Recent studies highlight the importance of cryptosporidiosis in childhood diarrhea, malnutrition, and death in resource-poor countries. Despite this, only a single drug, nitazoxanide, has demonstrated efficacy in human cryptosporidiosis and its efficacy is limited in malnourished children and patients with HIV. Areas coveredIn this review, we highlight work on potential targets for chemotherapy and review progress on drug development. A number of new targets have been identified for chemotherapy and progress has been made at developing drugs for these targets. Targets include parasite kinases, nucleic acid synthesis and processing, proteases, and lipid metabolism Other groups have performed high-throughput screening to identify potential drugs. Several compounds have advanced to large animal studies. Expert opinionDevelopment of drugs for cryptosporidiosis has been plagued by a lack of success. Barriers have included poor correlations between in vitro activity and clin. success as well as frequent unanticipated adverse effects. Without a clear pathway forward, it is wise to maintain a diverse development pipeline. Drug developers should also realize that success will likely require a sustained, methodical effort.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets published new progress about Animalia. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anitha, Rajan published the artcileAnti-corrosive potential of Cyperus rotundus as a viable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulphuric acid, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is cyperus rotundus mild steel sulfuric acid corrosion inhibitor.

Over the past decade, plant extracts are ultimate green candidatures to substitute the expensive and noxious synthetic corrosion inhibitors. In this regard, this study aims to focus on evaluating anti-corrosion properties of green inhibitor Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus), a perennial herb found throughout India. Design/methodol./approach: The biocompatible components present in C. rotundus extract was analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy anal. Findings: Predominant components such as octadecanoicacid, ethylester, n-hexadecanoic acid, pentanoicacid-4-oxoethyl ester, cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl, cyclotetrasiloxane and octamethyl were identified from the extract of C. rotundus. Impedance study demonstrated that the addition of inhibitor reduces the double-layer capacitance and increases the charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, polarization studies indicated that the extract of C. rotundus acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with decrease in corrosion c.d. with increase in concentration AFM study evinced the formation of inhibitor film on mild steel surface. The donor-acceptor interactions of active sites of predominant phytoconstituents were substantiated by computational anal. (DFT). Originality/value: This paper deals with the inhibition effect of extract of C. rotundus on mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4. C. rotundus has a capability to adsorb on the metal surface, thus hindering corrosion.

Pigment & Resin Technology published new progress about Band gap. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mishra, Vidyanshu published the artcileSemiconducting Sm3GaSe5O with trigonal bipyramidal GaSe5 units, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is semiconducting samarium GaSe oxygen trigonal bipyramidal unit space group.

The oxyselenide Sm3GaSe5O was prepared by reaction of Sm2O3, Sm, Ga2Se3, and Se at 950 °C. It adopts a new monoclinic structure type (space group P21/m, a = 11.042(9) Å, b = 3.9761(3) Å, c = 21.2458(17) Å, β = 92.2436(14)°, Z = 4) built up of Sm-Se, Sm-O, and Ga-Se blocks. GaSe5 trigonal bipyramids, which are unprecedented, are the most unusual feature of this structure. Electronic structure calculations corroborate the occurrence of primarily ionic bonding within the Sm-Se and Sm-O blocks and covalent bonding within the Ga-Se blocks. Optical measurements reveal a nearly direct band gap of 1.2 eV, narrower than those of many other oxychalcogenides.

Journal of Solid State Chemistry published new progress about Band gap. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ferreira, Lorena Lopes published the artcileIdentification of a non-host semiochemical from tick-resistant donkeys (Equus asinus) against Amblyomma sculptum ticks., Name: Ethyl octanoate, the main research area is (E)-2-octenal; Allomone; Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato; Donkey; Non-host; Repellent.

Amblyomma sculptum is a tick affecting animal and human health across Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Donkeys, Equus asinus, are known to be resistant to A. sculptum, suggesting that they can produce non-host tick semiochemicals (allomones), as already demonstrated for some other vertebrate host/pest interactions, whereas horses, Equus caballus, are considered as susceptible hosts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that donkeys produce natural repellents against A. sculptum, by collecting sebum from donkeys and horses, collecting the odour from sebum extracts, and identifying donkey-specific volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the complex collected blends, five main compounds were identified in both species. Hexanal, heptanal and (E)-2-decenal were found predominantly in donkey extracts, whilst ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were found predominantly in horse extracts. One compound, (E)-2-octenal, was detected exclusively in donkey extracts. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays 36 different A. sculptum nymphs were tested for each extract, compound and concentration. The dry sebum extracts and the compounds identified in both species induced neither attraction nor repellency. Only (E)-2-octenal, the donkey-specific compound, displayed repellency, with more nymphs preferring the arm containing the solvent control when the compound was presented in the test arm across four concentrations tested (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). A combination of a tick attractant (ammonia) and (E)-2-octenal at 0.25 M also resulted in preference for the control arm (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). The use of semiochemicals (allomones) identified from less-preferred hosts in tick management has been successful for repelling brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from dog hosts. These results indicate that (E)-2-octenal could be used similarly to interfere in tick host location and be developed for use in reducing A. sculptum numbers on animal and human hosts. Ticks and tick-borne diseases published new progress about (E)-2-octenal; Allomone; Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato; Donkey; Non-host; Repellent. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Name: Ethyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reiniers, Megan J published the artcileOptimal Use of 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate in Cultured Hepatocytes., Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Oxidative stress is a state that arises when the production of reactive transients overwhelms the cell’s capacity to neutralize the oxidants and radicals. This state often coincides with the pathogenesis and perpetuation of numerous chronic diseases. On the other hand, medical interventions such as radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy generate radicals to selectively damage and kill diseased tissue. As a result, the qualification and quantification of oxidative stress are of great interest to those studying disease mechanisms as well as therapeutic interventions. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH2-DA) is one of the most widely used fluorogenic probes for the detection of reactive transients. The nonfluorescent DCFH2-DA crosses the plasma membrane and is deacetylated by cytosolic esterases to 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2). The nonfluorescent DCFH2 is subsequently oxidized by reactive transients to form the fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF). The use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte-derived cell lines is more challenging because of membrane transport proteins that interfere with probe uptake and retention, among several other reasons. Cancer cells share some of the physiological and biochemical features with hepatocytes, so probe-related technical issues are applicable to cultured malignant cells as well. This study therefore analyzed the in vitro properties of DCFH2-DA in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells and differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cells) to identify methodological and technical features that could impair proper data analysis and interpretation. The main issues that were found and should therefore be accounted for in experimental design include the following: (1) both DCFH2-DA and DCF are taken up rapidly, (2) DCF is poorly retained in the cytosol and exits the cell, (3) the rate of DCFH2 oxidation is cell type-specific, (4) DCF fluorescence intensity is pH-dependent at pH < 7, and (5) the stability of DCFH2-DA in cell culture medium relies on medium composition. Based on the findings, the conditions for the use of DCFH2-DA in hepatocyte cell lines were optimized. Finally, the optimized protocol was reduced to practice and DCFH2-DA was applied to visualize and quantify oxidative stress in real time in HepG2 cells subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation as a source of reactive transients. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) published new progress about 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate; 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein; Cellular uptake and efflux; Fluorogenic redox probe; Hepatocytes; Oxidative and nitrosative stress. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pauli, J published the artcileUtilizing optical spectroscopy and 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein to characterize the early stages of cement hydration., Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy.

The increasingly sophisticated nature of modern, more environmentally friendly cementitious binders requires a better understanding and control particularly of the complex, dynamic processes involved in the early phase of cement hydration. In-situ monitoring of properties of a constantly changing system over a defined period of time calls for simple, sensitive, fast, and preferably also non-invasive methods like optical spectroscopy. Here, we exploit the time-dependent changes in the absorbance and fluorescence features of the negatively charged optical probe 2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DFFL) for the study of the hydration processes in pastes of white cement (WC), cubic tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tricalcium silicate (C3S), the main phases of cement, and in pastes of quartz (Q) over 24 h after addition of the dye solution. For comparison, also conventional techniques like isothermal heat flow calorimetry were applied. Based upon the time-dependent changes in the spectroscopic properties of DFFL, that seem to originate mainly from dye aggregation and dye-surface interactions and considerably vary between the different pastes, molecular pictures of the hydration processes in the cement pastes are derived. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of optical spectroscopy, i.e., diffuse reflectance, steady state and time-resolved fluorometry in conjunction with suitable optical reporters, to probe specific hydration processes and to contribute to a better understanding of the early hydration processes of cement at the molecular scale.

Methods and applications in fluorescence published new progress about 2′; 7′-difluorofluorescein; cement; cement hydration; fluorescence; optical spectroscopy. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lu, Z Kevin published the artcileGender Disparities in Anti-dementia Medication Use among Older Adults: Health Equity Considerations and Management of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias., Computed Properties of 123-29-5, the main research area is ADRD; alzheimer’s disease and related diseases; anti-dementia medications; gender disparities; medicare.

Objective: The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in women is higher than men. However, the knowledge of gender disparity in ADRD treatment is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the gender disparities in the receipt of anti-dementia medications among Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in the U.S. Methods: We used data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2016. Anti-dementia medications included cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs; including rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (including memantine). Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented to determine the possible gender disparities in the receipt of anti-dementia medications. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify gender disparities among beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and those with only AD-related dementias. Results: Descriptive analyses showed there were statistically significant differences in age, marital status, and Charlson comorbidities index (CCI) between Medicare beneficiaries who received and who did not receive anti-dementia medications. After controlling for covariates, we found that female Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD were 1.7 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications compared to their male counterparts (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.45). Specifically, among Medicare beneficiaries with AD, females were 1.2 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications (Odds Radio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-2.47), and among the Medicare beneficiaries with only AD-related dementias, females were 1.9 times more likely to receive anti-dementia medications (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.23-2.95). Conclusion: Healthcare providers should be aware of gender disparities in receiving anti-dementia medications among patients with ADRD, and the need to plan programs of care to support both women and men. Future approaches to finding barriers of prescribing, receiving and, adhering to anti-dementia medications by gender should include differences in longevity, biology, cognition, social roles, and environment.

Frontiers in pharmacology published new progress about ADRD; alzheimer’s disease and related diseases; anti-dementia medications; gender disparities; medicare. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Computed Properties of 123-29-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics