Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Li, Jinyi published the artcileNitazoxanide in the Treatment of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Application of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is Children; Intestinal parasitic infections; Meta-analysis; Nitazoxanide.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in intestinal parasitic infections in children. METHODS: Four databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, have been systematically searched from the inception of each database up to March 1st, 2019. The enrolled studies were limited to randomized clinical trials in children, comparing nitazoxanide with placebo or other antiparasitic drugs. The data extraction and quality assessment of pooled studies were conducted by two reviewers independently. For meta-analysis, Stata12.0 was used and a randomized effect model or a fixed effect model was selected according to the outcomes of heterogeneity test. RESULTS: A total of 1645 subjects in 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were enrolled, including 768 cases in the trial group and 877 cases in the control group. The effect of nitazoxanide vs. placebo and other antiparasitic drugs on the excretion rate of pathogens was uncertain (OR = 2.06, 95%CI [1.01,4.20], P = 0.047; I2 = 84.7%; very low quality evidence). Compared with placebo, subgroup analysis suggested that nitazoxanide could significantly improve the excretion rate of pathogens (OR = 7.01, 95%CI [1.82,26.94], P = 0.005; I2 = 79.1%; moderate quality evidence), while it made little or no difference compared with antiparasitic drugs (OR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.47,1.09], P = 0.124; I2 = 33.1%; low quality evidence). Meanwhile, nitazoxanide might increase the remission rate of diarrhea with OR = 5.12, 95%CI [2.00,13.08], P = 0.001; I2 = 72.3%; low quality evidence). However, it might also increase the rate of adverse events (OR = 1.47, 95%CI [1.05,2.07], P = 0.026; I2 = 44.7%; low quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS: The authors are uncertain whether or not nitazoxanide could improve the excretion rate of pathogens. Based on low-certainty evidence, nitazoxanide may improve the remission rate of diarrhea in children with intestinal parasite infections, but it may be associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions. Hence, more RCTs with a low risk of bias are still needed to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide.

Indian journal of pediatrics published new progress about Children; Intestinal parasitic infections; Meta-analysis; Nitazoxanide. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Application of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Choi, Yoon Jin published the artcileIncreased Risk of Cancer after Cholecystectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea including 123,295 Patients., Name: Ethyl nonanoate, the main research area is Cholecystectomy; Gallbladder; Incidence; Neoplasms.

Background/Aims: Contradictory findings on the association between cholecystectomy and cancer have been reported. We aimed to investigate the risk of all types of cancers or site-specific cancers in patients who underwent cholecystectomy using a nationwide dataset. Methods: Subjects who underwent cholecystectomy from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014, who were older than 20 years and who underwent an initial baseline health check-up within 2 years were enrolled. Those who were diagnosed with any type of cancer before the enrollment or within 1 year after enrollment were excluded. Ultimately, patients (n=123,295) who underwent cholecystectomy and age/sex matched population (n=123,295) were identified from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cancer were estimated, and Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: The incidence of cancer in the cholecystectomy group was 9.56 per 1,000 person-years and that in the control group was 7.95 per 1,000 person-years. Patients who underwent cholecystectomy showed an increased risk of total cancer (adjusted HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24; p<0.001), particularly leukemia and malignancies of the colon, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, thyroid, pharynx, and oral cavity. In the subgroup analysis according to sex, the risk of developing cancers in the pancreas, biliary tract, thyroid, lungs and stomach was higher in men than in women. Conclusions: Physicians should pay more attention to the possibility of the occurrence of secondary cancers among patients who undergo cholecystectomy. Gut and liver published new progress about Cholecystectomy; Gallbladder; Incidence; Neoplasms. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Name: Ethyl nonanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abdel-Lateef, Mohamed A. published the artcileA specific turn-on fluorescence probe for determination of nitazoxanide based on feasible oxidation reaction with hypochlorite: Applying cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for pre-concentration and extraction of its metabolite from real urine samples, COA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S, the main research area is Cobalt ferrite NPs; Nitazoxanide; Sodium hypochlorite; Spectrofluorimetry; Tizoxanide; Urine analysis.

Nitazoxanide is an antimicrobial compound that was originally developed as an antiprotozoal drug. Recently nitazoxanide has been identified as broad-spectrum antiviral agent and redirected for the remediation of some respiratory tract viral infections. In this study, the spectrofluorimetric technique has been applied to determine Nitazoxanide (NTX) in tablets or its metabolite, tizoxanide (TZD), in human urine samples. The developed methodol. is based on oxidizing NTX (non-fluorescence) into a highly fluorescent product by sodium hypochlorite. The fluorescence emission intensity was measured at 436.5 nm after fluorescence excitation at 362.5 nm. After optimizing all conditions, the anal. procedures and bio-anal. steps were evaluated and validated using ICH and FDA criteria, resp. The method linearity, LOQ, and LOD values of NTX were 1.0-5.0 μg/mL, 0.434, and 0.143 μg/mL, resp. The other novelty side of the presented work is the application of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) as a magnetic solid-phase for the pre-concentration and extraction process. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope and zeta sizer techniques. Finally, the utilized magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good recovery results for pre-concentration and extraction of NTX or its metabolite from spiked and real human urine samples, resp.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis published new progress about Cobalt ferrite NPs; Nitazoxanide; Sodium hypochlorite; Spectrofluorimetry; Tizoxanide; Urine analysis. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, COA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yadav, Ambedkar Kumar published the artcileAntiviral treatment in COVID-19: which is the most promising?-a narrative review., Name: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); antiviral; coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); therapeutic agents; treatment.

The whole world is battling through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is a fatal pandemic. In the early 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global health emergency without definitive treatments and preventive approaches. In the absence of definitive therapeutic agents, this thorough review summarizes and outlines the potency and safety of all molecules and therapeutics which may have potential antiviral effects. A number of molecules and therapeutics licensed or being tested for some other conditions were found effective in different in vitro studies as well as in many small sample-sized clinical trials and independent case studies. However, in those clinical trials, there were some limitations which need to be overcome to find the most promising antiviral against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In conclusion, many of above-mentioned antivirals seems to have some therapeutic effects but none of them have been shown to have a strong evidence for their proper recommendation and approval in the treatment of COVID-19. Constantly evolving new evidences, exclusive adult data, language barrier, and type of study (observational, retrospective, small-sized clinical trials, or independent case series) resulted to the several limitations of this review. The need for multicentered, large sample-sized, randomized, placebo-controlled trials on COVID-19 patients to reach a proper conclusion on the most promising antiviral agent is warranted.

Annals of palliative medicine published new progress about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); antiviral; coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); therapeutic agents; treatment. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Name: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gutsche, C. David published the artcileThe photoinduced alcoholysis of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and related compounds, Name: Ethyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate, the main research area is coumarins dihydro alcoholysis; photoinduced alcoholysis hydrocoumarins.

The reaction of alcs. with 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and related compounds was studied under ordinary conditions (“”dark solvolysis””) and under photolysis conditions (“”photoinduced solvolysis””). The investigation has revealed the following: the photoinduced alcoholysis of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin to an alkyl β-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate can be effected with methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; tert-butanol, however, fails to react and can be employed as a solvent for the photoinduced reaction with other more reactive alcs.; both the higher and lower homologs of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin undergo photoinduced alcoholysis; the higher homolog, 2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzoxepin, reacts in fashion comparable to 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and yields an alkyl γ-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrate, while the lower homolog, 2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, reacts in a different fashion and yields the alkyl ether of 2-hydrobenzyl alc.; the rates of the “”dark solvolyses”” of various 6- and 7-substituted 3,4-dihydrocoumarins are, in accordance with expectations, accelerated by electron-withdrawing groups and decelerated by electron-releasing groups; the photoinduced solvolyses of various 6- and 7-substituted 3,4-dihydrocoumarins show quantum yields which, with one exception, correlate with the pKa* values for the phenol corresponding to the 3,4-dihydrocoumarin. On the basis of these data, it is postulated that the alcoholyses of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins and 2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydrobenzoxepin may be examples of photo-induced Fries rearrangements in which an initially produced spirodiketone reacts with the alc. to form the phenolic ester.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about coumarins dihydro alcoholysis; photoinduced alcoholysis hydrocoumarins. 20921-17-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate, and the molecular formula is C12H16O3, Name: Ethyl 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chudzik, Michał published the artcilePredictors of Long COVID in Patients without Comorbidities: Data from the Polish Long-COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) Study., Application In Synthesis of 123-29-5, the main research area is COVID complications; COVID-19; Long COVID; chronic fatigue syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has become an enormous worldwide challenge over the last two years. However, little is still known about the risk of Long COVID (LC) in patients without comorbidities. Thus, we aimed to assess the predictors of LC in patients without comorbidities. METHODS: Patients’ information, the course of the disease with symptoms, and post-COVID-19 complaints were collected within 4-12 weeks after COVID-19 recovery. Next, the patients were followed for at least 3 months. ECG, 24-h ECG monitoring, 24-h blood pressure (BP) monitoring, echocardiography, and selected biochemical tests were performed. LC was recognized based on the WHO definition. RESULTS: We identified 701 consecutive patients, 488 of whom completed a 3-month follow-up (63% women). Comparisons were made between the LC group (n = 218) and patients without any symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 recovery (non-LC group) (n = 270). Patients with a severe course of acute-phase COVID-19 developed LC complications more often (34% vs. 19%, p < 0.0001). The persistent symptoms were observed in 45% of LC patients. The LC group also had significantly more symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19, and they suffered significantly more often from dyspnoea (48 vs. 33%), fatigue (72 vs. 63%), chest pain (50 vs. 36%), leg muscle pain (41 vs. 32%), headache (66 vs. 52%), arthralgia (44 vs. 25%), and chills (34 vs. 25%). In LC patients, significant differences regarding sex and body mass index were observed-woman: 69% vs. 56% (p = 0.003), and BMI: 28 [24-31] vs. 26 kg/m2 [23-30] (p < 0.001), respectively. The number of symptoms in the acute phase was significantly greater in the LC group than in the control group (5 [2-8] vs. 2 [1-5], p = 0.0001). The LC group also had a higher 24-h heart rate (77 [72-83] vs. 75 [70-81], p = 0.021) at admission to the outpatient clinic. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LC patients had a higher BMI (odds ratio (OR): 1.06, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.02-1.10, p = 0.007), almost twice as often had a severe course of COVID-19 (OR: 1.74, CI: 1.07-2.81, p = 0.025), and presented with joint pain in the acute phase (OR: 1.90, CI: 1.23-2.95, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: A severe course of COVID-19, BMI, and arthralgia are independently associated with the risk of Long COVID in healthy individuals.

Journal of clinical medicine published new progress about COVID complications; COVID-19; Long COVID; chronic fatigue syndrome. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Application In Synthesis of 123-29-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aydogdu, Seyda published the artcileElectronic Structures and Reactivities of COVID-19 Drugs: A DFT Study., Computed Properties of 55981-09-4, the main research area is COVID-19; DFT; Global descriptors; SARS-COV-2; Solvent effect.

These days, the world is facing the threat of pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although a vaccine has been found to combat the pandemic, it is essential to find drugs for an effective treatment method against this disease as soon as possible. In this study, electronic and thermodynamic properties, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis, and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of nine different covid drugs were studied with Density Functional Theory (DFT). In addition, the relationship between the electronic structures of these drugs and their biological effectiveness was examined. All parameters were computed at the B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level. The Solvent effect was evaluated using conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) as the solvation model. It was observed that electrophilic indexes were important to understand the efficiencies of these drugs in COVID-19 disease. Paxlovid, hydroxyquinone, and nitazoxanide were found as the most thermodynamically stable molecules. Thermodynamic parameters also demonstrated that these drugs were more stable in the aqueous media. Global descriptors and the reactivity of these drugs were found to be related. Nitazoxanide molecule exhibited the highest dipole moment. The high dipole moments of drugs can cause hydrophilic interactions that increase their effectiveness in an aqueous solution.

Acta chimica Slovenica published new progress about COVID-19; DFT; Global descriptors; SARS-COV-2; Solvent effect. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Computed Properties of 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo published the artcileEfficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4, the main research area is COVID-19; Meta-analysis; Nitazoxanide; SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract: Purpose: Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic that has been tested for COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory effects and in vitro antiviral activity. This study synthesized the best evidence on the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in COVID-19. Methods: Searches for studies were performed in peer-reviewed and gray-literature from Jan. 1, 2020 to May 23, 2022. The following elements were used to define eligibility criteria: (1) Population: individuals with COVID-19; (2) Intervention: nitazoxanide; (3) Comparison: placebo; (4) Outcomes: primary outcome was death, and secondary outcomes were viral load, pos. RT-PCR status, serum biomarkers of inflammation, composite measure of disease progression (ICU admission or invasive mech. ventilation), and any adverse events; (5) Study type: blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clin. trials (RCTs). Treatment effects were reported as relative risk (RR) for dichotomous variables and standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Five blinded, placebo-controlled RCTs were included and enrolled individuals with mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found no difference between nitazoxanide and placebo in reducing viral load (SMD = – 0.16; 95% CI – 0.38 to 0.05) and the frequency of pos. RTP-PCR results (RR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.06). In addition, there was no decreased risk for disease progression (RR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.04) and death (RR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.36 to 1.78) among patients receiving nitazoxanide. Patients with COVID-19 treated with nitazoxanide had decreased levels of white blood cells (SMD = – 0.15; 95% – 0.29 to – 0.02), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (SMD – 0.32; 95% – 0.52 to – 0.13), and D-dimer (SMD – 0.49; 95% CI – 0.68 to – 0.31) compared to placebo, but the magnitude of effect was considered small to moderate. Conclusion: This systematic review showed no evidence of clin. benefits of the use of nitazoxanide to treat patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. In addition, we found a reduction in WBC, LDH, and D-dimer levels among nitazoxanide-treated patients, but the effect size was considered small to moderate.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology published new progress about COVID-19; Meta-analysis; Nitazoxanide; SARS-CoV-2 infection. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Synthetic Route of 55981-09-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lueong, Smiths S published the artcileSerial Circulating Tumor DNA Mutational Status in Patients with KRAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer from the Phase 3 AIO KRK0207 Trial., HPLC of Formula: 123-29-5, the main research area is ctDNA; ddPCR; liquid biopsy; metastatic colorectal cancer; mutant KRAS.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the usefulness of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) pre- or post-treatment initiation for outcome prediction and treatment monitoring in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS: Droplet digital PCR was used to measure absolute mutant V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene ((mut)KRAS) ctDNA concentrations in 214 healthy controls (plasma and sera) and in 151 tissue-based mutKRAS positive patients with mCRC from the prospective multicenter phase 3 trial AIO KRK0207. Serial mutKRAS ctDNA was analyzed prior to and 2-3 weeks after first-line chemotherapy initiation with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in patients with mCRC and correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS: mut KRAS ctDNA was detected in 74.8% (113/151) of patients at baseline and in 59.6% (90/151) at follow-up. mutKRAS ctDNA at baseline and follow-up was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] =1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.95; HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.47-3.15) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.44-4.46; HR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.23-2.95), respectively. mutKRAS ctDNA clearance at follow-up conferred better disease control (P = 0.0075), better OS (log-rank P = 0.0018), and PFS (log-rank P = 0.0018). Measurable positive mutKRAS ctDNA at follow-up was the strongest and most significant independent prognostic factor on OS in multivariable analysis (HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.40-3.25). CONCLUSIONS: Serial analysis of circulating mutKRAS concentrations in mCRC has prognostic value. Post treatment mutKRAS concentrations 2 weeks after treatment initiation were associated with therapeutic response in multivariable analysis and may be an early response predictor in patients receiving first-line combination chemotherapy. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00973609.

Clinical chemistry published new progress about ctDNA; ddPCR; liquid biopsy; metastatic colorectal cancer; mutant KRAS. 123-29-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl nonanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, HPLC of Formula: 123-29-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comer, William T. published the artcileReaction of cyclopentanones with methylsulfinyl carbanion, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is cyclopentanone methylsulfinylmethyl carbanion reaction; cyclopentenepentanoic acid derivative.

Methylsulfinylcarbanion (-CH2SOMe) reacts with cyclopentanone at room temperature to afford the unexpected δ-methylene-1-cyclopentene-1-pentanoic acid (I) in good yield. This reaction appears limited to cyclopentanones, with only low yields isolated from 2- and 3-methylcyclopentanones. Mechanistic considerations and some reactions of the dienoic acid are discussed.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about cyclopentanone methylsulfinylmethyl carbanion reaction; cyclopentenepentanoic acid derivative. 39495-82-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 5-methylhex-5-enoate, and the molecular formula is C9H16O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics