Category: esters-buliding-blocks

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article alpha-Branched Ketone Dienolates: Base-Catalysed Generation and Regio- and Enantioselective Addition Reactions published in 2019. HPLC of Formula: C10H11NO4, Reprint Addresses Oiarbide, M; Palomo, C (corresponding author), Univ Pais Vasco UPV EHU, Dept Quim Organ 1, Manuel Lardizabal 3, San Sebastian 20018, Spain.. The CAS is 99-27-4. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate

In this study, the unique capacity of bifunctional BrOnsted bases to generate alpha-branched ketone dienolates and control both site- and stereoselectivity of their addition reactions to representative classes of carbon electrophiles (i.e., vinyl sulfones, nitroolefins, formaldehyde) is documented. We demonstrate that by using selected chiral tertiary amine/squaramide catalysts, the reactions of beta,gamma-unsaturated cycloalkanones proceed through the dienolate C alpha almost exclusively and provide all-carbon quaternary cyclic ketone adducts in good yields with very high enantioselectivities. A minor amount (<5%) of gamma-addition is observed when nitroolefins are used as electrophiles. The parent acyclic ketone dienolates proved to be less reactive under these conditions, and thus still constitute a challenging class of substrates. Quantum chemical calculations correctly predict these differences in reactivity and explain the observed site-specificity and enantioselectivity. HPLC of Formula: C10H11NO4. About Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate, If you have any questions, you can contact Urruzuno, I; Mugica, O; Zanella, G; Vera, S; Gomez-Bengoa, E; Oiarbide, M; Palomo, C or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRA ZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2004/14881; (2004); A2;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate. In 2019 INORG CHEM published article about ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GAS-ADSORPTION; AEROBIC OXIDATION; CUPRIC IONS; DERIVATIVES; MIL-53; EPR; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; LINKER in [Poryvaev, Artem S.; Polyukhov, Daniil M.; Fedin, Matvey V.] RAS, SB, Int Tomog Ctr, Inst Skaya Str 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [Gjuzi, Eva; Hoffmann, Frank; Froeba, Michael] Univ Hamburg, Inst Inorgan & Appl Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Poryvaev, Artem S.; Fedin, Matvey V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Pirogova Str 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [Polyukhov, Daniil M.] RAS, SB, NN Vorozhtsov Inst Organ Chem, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia in 2019, Cited 72. The Name is Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 99-27-4.

Nanosized structural defects in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract growing attention and often remarkably enhance functional properties of these materials for various applications. In this work, a series of MOFs [Cu-2(TPTA)(1-x)(BDPBTR)(x)] (H(4)TPTA, [1,1′:3′,1 ”-terphenyl]-3,3 ”,5,5 ”-tetracarboxylic acid; H4BDPBTR, 1,3-bis(3,5,dicarboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl radical)) with a new stable radical linker doped into the structure has been synthesized and investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Mixed linkers H(4)TPTA and H4BDPBTR were used to bridge copper(II) paddle-wheel units into a porous framework, where H4BDPBTR is the close structural analogue of H(4)TPTA. MOFs with various x = 0-0.4 were investigated. EPR studies indicated that the radical linker binds to the copper(II) units differently compared to diamagnetic linker, resulting in the formation of nanosized structural defects. Moreover, remarkable kinetic phenomena were observed upon cooling of this MOF, where slow structural rearrangements and concomitant changes of magnetic interactions were induced. Thus, our findings demonstrate that doping of structurally mimicking radical linkers into MOFs represents an efficient approach for designing target nanosized defects and introducing new magnetostructural functionalities for a variety of applications.

Name: Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate. About Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate, If you have any questions, you can contact Poryvaev, AS; Polyukhov, DM; Gjuzi, E; Hoffmann, F; Froba, M; Fedin, MV or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRA ZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2004/14881; (2004); A2;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Engaging alpha-Fluorocarboxylic Acids Directly in Decarboxylative C-C Bond Formation WOS:000526395000048 published article about POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; MERGING PHOTOREDOX; H BONDS; FLUORINE; NICKEL; DEOXYFLUORINATION; CARBOFLUORINATION; CATALYSIS; DERIVATIVES in [Wang, Hongyu; Liu, Chen-Fei; Ho, Yee Ann; Koh, Ming Joo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117549, Singapore; [Song, Zhihui; Yuan, Mingbin; Gutierrez, Osvaldo] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA in 2020.0, Cited 86.0. The Name is Methyl 3-phenylpropionate. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 103-25-3. Product Details of 103-25-3

Fluorine-containing organic molecules, particularly those that bear (sp(3))C-F bonds, are rapidly gaining prominence in modern chemical synthesis. Although extensive studies have been devoted to the preparation of secondary and tertiary fluorides, crucial shortcomings remain: for example, lengthy substrate synthesis, contrived installation of difficult-to-remove directing/activating units, excessive waste generation and/or limited functional group compatibility. Here, we show that readily accessible alpha-onofluoro carboxylic acids, which are conventionally difficult substrates for cross-coupling, undergo direct decarboxylative crosscoupling with sp(2-) and sp(3-)hybridized organohalides to afford a wide assortment of fluorinated products. Reactions are typically promoted by a combination of 1 mol % of an Ir-based photocatalyst and 2-15 mol % of a bipyridine-Ni complex, delivering products in up to 86% yield under blue LED light irradiation. Concise synthesis of key therapeutic candidates underscores utility, complementarity, and distinct advantages compared with existing methods. DFT calculations are used to rationalize the distinct reactivity of alpha-fluoro carboxylic acid substrates (vs nonfluorinated parent acids) under decarboxylation conditions.

About Methyl 3-phenylpropionate, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, HY; Liu, CF; Song, ZH; Yuan, MB; Ho, YA; Gutierrez, O; Koh, MJ or concate me.. Product Details of 103-25-3

Reference:
Patent; SANOFI; US2011/294788; (2011); A1;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Production of Methyl p-Hydroxycinnamate by Selective Tailoring of Herbaceous Lignin Using Metal-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as Catalyst WOS:000577113500041 published article about SUGARCANE BAGASSE; DIETHYL MALEATE; DEPOLYMERIZATION; EFFICIENT; DELIGNIFICATION; OXIDATION; CLEAVAGE; MONOMERS; BIOMASS; PHENOL in [Li, Zhang-min; Long, Jin-xing; Zeng, Qiang; Wu, Yuan-hao; Cao, Ming-long; Liu, Si-jie; Li, Xue-hui] South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China; [Li, Zhang-min] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 39. The Name is Methyl 2,2-dimethoxyacetate. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 89-91-8. Safety of Methyl 2,2-dimethoxyacetate

Catalytic conversion of lignin to versatile aromatic compounds is attracting increasing attention. However, it is highly desirable but challenging to produce a specific chemical with high yield through lignin depolymerization in a one-pot process because of the complex structure of the lignin molecule (mainly composed of H, G, and S units). In this study, a series of metal-based deep eutectic solvents (M-DESs) were prepared and used for the catalytic tailoring of lignin H units to produce value-added methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MPC). In particular, M-DES ChCl[FeCl3](2) showed excellent catalytic performance for the selective production of MPC as the sole product with high yield and selectivity (105.8 mg g(-1) and 74.1%, respectively). Extensive characterizations using 2D HSQC NMR, C-13 NMR, and GPC demonstrated that MPC was obtained from the selective tailoring of p-coumaric acid (pCA) units via the cleavage of ester bonds in lignin. Furthermore, M-DES ChCl[FeCl3](2) also exhibited efficiency to other herbaceous lignins, and showed excellent recyclability. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for the valorization of lignin.

Safety of Methyl 2,2-dimethoxyacetate. About Methyl 2,2-dimethoxyacetate, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, ZM; Long, JX; Zeng, Q; Wu, YH; Cao, ML; Liu, SJ; Li, XH or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; U C B, Societe Anonyme; US4041077; (1977); A;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Carboxylation of Aryl Triflates with CO2 Merging Palladium and Visible-Light-Photoredox Catalysts WOS:000473116000050 published article about C-H FUNCTIONALIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DUAL CATALYSIS; DRIVEN CARBOXYLATION; UNACTIVATED PRIMARY; BUILDING-BLOCK; BONDS; HALIDES; ACIDS; HYDROCARBOXYLATION in [Bhunia, Samir Kumar; Das, Pritha; Nandi, Shantanu; Jana, Ranjan] CSIR Indian Inst Chem Biol, Organ & Med Chem Div, 4 Raja SC Mullick Rd, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India; [Bhunia, Samir Kumar; Jana, Ranjan] Acad Sci & Innovat Res AcSIR, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India in 2019.0, Cited 88.0. Computed Properties of C13H8O2. The Name is 6H-Benzo[c]chromen-6-one. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 2005-10-9

We report herein a visible-light-promoted, highly practical carboxylation of readily accessible aryl triflates at ambient temperature and a balloon pressure of CO2 by the combined use of palladium and photoredox Ir(III) catalysts. Strikingly, the stoichiometric metallic reductant is replaced by a nonmetallic amine reductant providing an environmentally benign carboxylation process. In addition, one-pot synthesis of a carboxylic acid directly from phenol and modification of estrone and concise synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs adapalene and bexarotene have been accomplished via late-stage carboxylation reaction. Furthermore, a parallel decarboxylation-carboxylation reaction has been demonstrated in an H-type closed vessel that is an interesting concept for the strategic sector. Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical studies indicated electron transfer from the Ir(III)/DIPEA combination to generate aryl carboxylate and Pd(0) for catalytic turnover.

Computed Properties of C13H8O2. About 6H-Benzo[c]chromen-6-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Bhunia, SK; Das, P; Nandi, S; Jana, R or concate me.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Jian; Shi, Dongdong; Zhang, Haifeng; Xu, Zheng; Bao, Hanyang; Jin, Hongwei; Liu, Yunkui; Tetrahedron; vol. 73; 2; (2017); p. 154 – 163;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

HPLC of Formula: C13H8O2. I found the field of Engineering very interesting. Saw the article Synergistic adsorption of Cu(II) and photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene by a jaboticaba-like TiO2/titanate nanotube composite: An experimental and theoretical study published in 2019.0, Reprint Addresses Cai, ZQ (corresponding author), East China Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Engn Lab High Concentrat Refractory Organ Wa, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.; Liu, W (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Key Lab Water & Sediment Sci, Minist Educ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.. The CAS is 2005-10-9. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 6H-Benzo[c]chromen-6-one.

Combined water pollution with the coexistence of heavy metals and organic contaminants is of great concern for practical wastewater treatment. In this study, a jaboticaba-like nanocomposite, titanate nanotubes supported TiO2 (TiO2/TiNTs), was synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal treatment. TiO2 /TiNTs had large surface area, abundant of -ONa/H groups and fine crystal anatase phase, thus exhibited both good adsorptive performance for Cu(II) and high photocatalytic activity for phenanthrene degradation. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity on TiO2/TiNTs was 115.0 mg/g at pH 5 according to Langmuir isotherm model, and > 95% of phenanthrene was degraded within 4 h under UV light. TiO2/TiNTs showed about 10 times higher observed rate constant (k(obs) ) for phenanthrene degradation compared to the unmodified TiNTs. More importantly, the coexistence of Cu(II) promoted photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene, because the incorporated Cu(II) in the lattice of TiNTs could trap photo-excited electron and thus inhibited the electron-hole recombination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated that the sites of phenanthrene with high Fukui index (f(0)) preferred to be attacked by center dot OH radicals. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the degradation intermediates had lower acute toxicity and mutagenicity than phenanthrene. TiO2/TiNTs also owned high stability, as only slight loss of Cu(II) and phenanthrene removal efficiency was observed even after four reuse cycles. The developed material in this study is of great application potential for water or wastewater treatment with multi-contaminants, and this work can help us to better understand the mechanisms on reaction between Ti-based nanomaterials and different kinds of contaminants.

HPLC of Formula: C13H8O2. About 6H-Benzo[c]chromen-6-one, If you have any questions, you can contact Cheng, KY; Cai, ZQ; Fu, J; Sun, XB; Sun, WL; Chen, L; Zhang, DD; Liu, W or concate me.

Reference:
Article; Zhang, Jian; Shi, Dongdong; Zhang, Haifeng; Xu, Zheng; Bao, Hanyang; Jin, Hongwei; Liu, Yunkui; Tetrahedron; vol. 73; 2; (2017); p. 154 – 163;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate. I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Multiresponsive Luminescent Sensitivities of a 3D Cd-CP with Visual Turn-on and Ratiometric Sensing toward Al3+ and Cr3+ as Well as Turn-off Sensing toward Fe3+ published in 2020, Reprint Addresses Li, YW; Wang, SN (corresponding author), Liaocheng Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shandong Prov Key Lab Chem Energy Storage & Novel, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, Peoples R China.. The CAS is 99-27-4. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate.

By using the reduced Schiff base tricarboxylate ligand H(3)cip, one novel 3D Cd-based coordination polymer (Cd-CP) with the formula [Cd(Hcip)(bpea)(0.5)(H2O)](n) (H(3)cip = 5-(3-carboxybenzylamino)isophthalic acid, bpea = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) has been solvothermally synthesized. The prepared Cd-CP possesses a 4-connected CdSO4 net based on dinuclear {Cd-2} units. Luminescence measurements revealed that the complex exhibited ratiometric turn-on luminescence responses toward Al3+ and Cr3+ with a significant color change, which could be easily distinguished by the naked eye under ultraviolet light. Cd-CP can also respond to Fe3+ through a turn-off mechanism. Interestingly, the luminescence quenched by Fe3+@Cd-CP can be recovered and increased significantly by adding some competitive Al3+, while Cr3+ can only marginally increase the luminescence intensity of Fe3+@Cd-CP. Moreover, the detection of the three aforementioned metal ions can be realized by using Cd-CP-coated test papers, extending the potential application regions of the reported material to point-of-care tests and environmental field studies.

Safety of Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate. About Dimethyl 5-aminoisophthalate, If you have any questions, you can contact Yu, YE; Wang, YH; Yan, H; Lu, J; Liu, HT; Li, YW; Wang, SN; Li, DC; Dou, JM; Yang, L; Zhou, Z or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; ASTRA ZENECA AB; NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.; WO2004/14881; (2004); A2;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An article Direct reversible decarboxylation from stable organic acids in dimethylformamide solution WOS:000556568100044 published article about PYROLYSIS; CATALYSIS; ESTERS; CO2 in [Kong, Duanyang; Moon, Patrick J.; Lui, Erica K. J.; Bsharat, Odey; Lundgren, Rylan J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada in 2020.0, Cited 50.0. The Name is Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 103-26-4. SDS of cas: 103-26-4

Many classical and emerging methodologies in organic chemistry rely on carbon dioxide (CO2) extrusion to generate reactive intermediates for bond-forming events. Synthetic reactions that involve the microscopic reverse-the carboxylation of reactive intermediates-have conventionally been undertaken using very different conditions. We report that chemically stable C(sp(3)) carboxylates, such as arylacetic acids and malonate half-esters, undergo uncatalyzed reversible decarboxylation in dimethylformamide solution. Decarboxylation-carboxylation occurs with substrates resistant to protodecarboxylation by Bronsted acids under otherwise identical conditions. Isotopically labeled carboxylic acids can be prepared in high chemical and isotopic yield by simply supplying an atmosphere of (CO2)-C-13 to carboxylate salts in polar aprotic solvents. An understanding of carboxylate reactivity in solution enables conditions for the trapping of aldehydes, ketones, and alpha,beta-unsaturated esters.

SDS of cas: 103-26-4. About Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, If you have any questions, you can contact Kong, DY; Moon, PJ; Lui, EKJ; Bsharat, O; Lundgren, RJ or concate me.

Reference:
Article; Weng, Shiue-Shien; Ke, Chih-Shueh; Chen, Fong-Kuang; Lyu, You-Fu; Lin, Guan-Ying; Tetrahedron; vol. 67; 9; (2011); p. 1640 – 1648;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

I found the field of Polymer Science very interesting. Saw the article 1:3 ABAA sequence-regulated substituted polymethylenes via alternating radical copolymerization of methyl cinnamate and maleic anhydride followed by post-polymerization reactions published in 2019.0. Category: esters-buliding-blocks, Reprint Addresses Satoh, K; Kamigaito, M (corresponding author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mol & Macromol Chem, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.; Satoh, K (corresponding author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Mat & Chem Technol, Dept Chem Sci & Engn, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528550, Japan.. The CAS is 103-26-4. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate

Methyl cinnamate (M-1) and maleic anhydride (M-2), which are both non-homopolymerizable 1,2-disubtituted vinyl monomers, were radically copolymerized in toluene to result in 1:1 alternating copolymers. The 1:1 alternating sequence was confirmed by not only the monomer reactivity ratios obtained by using the terminal model fitted by the Kelen-Tiidos method (r(1) = 0.0035, r(2) = 0.069) but also MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the copolymers with controlled molecular weights and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (M-w/M-n = 1.20), which were prepared by RAFT copolymerization using 2-cyano-2-propyl ethyl trithiocarbonate (CPETC) as the RAFT agent. The maleic anhydride unit was transformed into two methyl ester groups by hydrolysis followed by methylation. Since the propagation of methyl cinnamate occurred regioselectively via a styrenic radical, the methyl esterified copolymers possessed ABAA sequence-controlled substituted polymethylene structures (A: methyl ester, B: phenyl). The sequence-controlled substituted polymethylene showed good thermal properties (T-d5 = 323 degrees C, T-g >= 192 degrees C) due to the rigid main-chain structures, which possessed a phenyl group on every fourth main-chain carbon in the repeating units in addition to three methyl ester groups on the other main-chain carbons. Block copolymers consisting of the rigid substituted polymethylene and soft poly(methyl acrylate) were also synthesized by RAFT polymerization.

About Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, If you have any questions, you can contact Terao, Y; Sugihara, S; Satoh, K; Kamigaito, M or concate me.. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Reference:
Article; Weng, Shiue-Shien; Ke, Chih-Shueh; Chen, Fong-Kuang; Lyu, You-Fu; Lin, Guan-Ying; Tetrahedron; vol. 67; 9; (2011); p. 1640 – 1648;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019.0 INT J MOL SCI published article about FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; HEPATIC CYTOCHROME-P450 1A1; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; POTENTIAL ANKYRIN 1; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; DANHONG INJECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYP 1A1; PLATELET-AGGREGATION in [Chen, Zhao; Cao, Yanfeng; Zhang, Yanling; Qiao, Yanjiang] Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 102488, Peoples R China; [Chen, Zhao; Cao, Yanfeng; Zhang, Yanling; Qiao, Yanjiang] State Adm Tradit Chinese Med, Res Ctr TCM Informat Engn, Beijing 102488, Peoples R China in 2019.0, Cited 179.0. The Name is Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 103-26-4. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Pungent traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) play a vital role in the clinical treatment of hepatobiliary disease, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, skin diseases and so on. Pungent TCMs have a vastness of pungent flavored (with pungent taste or smell) compounds. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of pungent flavored compounds in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and liver diseases, five pungent TCMs with the action of blood-activating and stasis-resolving (BASR) were selected. Here, an integrated systems pharmacology approach is presented for illustrating the molecular correlations between pungent flavored compounds and their holistic efficacy at the special organ level. First, we identified target proteins that are associated with pungent flavored compounds and found that these targets were functionally related to CVDs and liver diseases. Then, based on the phenotype that directly links human genes to the body parts they affect, we clustered target modules associated with pungent flavored compounds into liver and heart organs. We applied systems-based analysis to introduce a pungent flavored compound-target-pathway-organ network that clarifies mechanisms of pungent substances treating cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases by acting on the heart/liver organ. The systems pharmacology also suggests a novel systematic strategy for rational drug development from pungent TCMs in treating cardiovascular disease and associated liver diseases.

About Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, If you have any questions, you can contact Chen, Z; Cao, YF; Zhang, YL; Qiao, YJ or concate me.. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Reference:
Article; Weng, Shiue-Shien; Ke, Chih-Shueh; Chen, Fong-Kuang; Lyu, You-Fu; Lin, Guan-Ying; Tetrahedron; vol. 67; 9; (2011); p. 1640 – 1648;,
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics