Fun Route: New Discovery of 41575-94-4

《Anaphylactic shock in a small cell lung cancer patient receiving atezolizumab therapy: a rare but potentially fatal complication》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Recommanded Product: 41575-94-4.

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 41575-94-4, is researched, SMILESS is O=C1C2(CCC2)C(O[Pt]O1)=O.N.N, Molecular C6H12N2O4PtJournal, Article, Investigational New Drugs called Anaphylactic shock in a small cell lung cancer patient receiving atezolizumab therapy: a rare but potentially fatal complication, Author is Zhao, Yizhuo; Peng, Wei; Abbas, Muhammad; Shi, Meiqi; Tang, Yiqun; Wang, Li; Yan, Huiying, the main research direction is human small cell lung cancer anaphylactic shock atezolizumab therapy; Anaphylactic shock; Atezolizumab; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immune-related adverse events; Small cell lung cancer.Recommanded Product: 41575-94-4.

Immunotherapy has been a revolutionary innovation in cancer therapy in recent years, but it is accompanied by various unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Among these irAEs, anaphylactic shock is very rare. Here, we report a case of a patient who developed anaphylactic shock after receiving one dose of atezolizumab. A 74-yr-old male patient with small cell lung cancer experienced recurrence 10 years after surgery. After one cycle of treatment, the patient developed a grade 2 rash and recovered after receiving oral methylprednisolone tablets. In the second cycle, atezolizumab was discontinued. Then, the patient was scheduled to receive atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide again after three weeks, but approx. three minutes after an i.v. infusion of atezolizumab, the patient developed signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock, such as dyspnea, cold limbs, and loss of consciousness. At this point, the infusion was immediately stopped, and a normal saline infusion was administered. Meanwhile, ECG monitoring, supplemental humidified high-flow supplemental 100% oxygen, epinephrine, dopamine, hormone treatment with methylprednisolone, and other anti-shock treatments were carried out. For better recuperation, this patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for further treatment and was discharged two days later. Anaphylactic shock develops rapidly and is also a very severe complication. Prompt detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention are the basics for survival.

《Anaphylactic shock in a small cell lung cancer patient receiving atezolizumab therapy: a rare but potentially fatal complication》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Recommanded Product: 41575-94-4.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New learning discoveries about 415918-91-1

《Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the Pentacyclic Core of (+)-Citrinadin A》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound((11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine)Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the Pentacyclic Core of (+)-Citrinadin A, published in 2021-07-02, which mentions a compound: 415918-91-1, mainly applied to cycloaddition palladium diastereoselective enantioselective lithiation addition epoxidation directing group; pentacyclic core citrinadin A, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

The synthesis of the pentacylic core of (+)-citrinadin A is described. Our strategy harnesses the power of palladium-catalyzed trimethylenemethane chem. (Pd-TMM) to form the key spirooxindole motif in a catalytic, asym. fashion. Upon the conversion of this spirooxindole to a vinyl epoxide electrophile, the piperidine ring is directly added via a diastereoselective metalation followed by an SN2′ addition The final ring of the pentacyclic core is then formed through an intramol. SN2 displacement of the resulting activated alc.

《Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the Pentacyclic Core of (+)-Citrinadin A》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound((11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine)Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Something interesting about 415918-91-1

《Catalytic Regiodivergent Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Epoxides: A New Entry to Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols with High Optical Purity》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound((11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine)Quality Control of (11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine.

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: (11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine, is researched, Molecular C36H30NO2P, CAS is 415918-91-1, about Catalytic Regiodivergent Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Epoxides: A New Entry to Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols with High Optical Purity.Quality Control of (11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine.

A novel regiodivergent kinetic resolution of a series of allylic epoxides with alkylzinc reagents is described. Results demonstrate the potential of chiral copper-phosphoramidite catalysts for enantiomer differentiation of allylic epoxides, allowing a chiral catalyst-stereoregulated synthesis of cyclic allylic and homoallylic alcs. with high optical purities.

《Catalytic Regiodivergent Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Epoxides: A New Entry to Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols with High Optical Purity》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound((11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine)Quality Control of (11bR)-N,N-Bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]dinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-4-amine.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Extracurricular laboratory: Synthetic route of 41575-94-4

《Novel function of THEMIS2 in the enhancement of cancer stemness and chemoresistance by releasing PTP1B from MET》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Oncogene called Novel function of THEMIS2 in the enhancement of cancer stemness and chemoresistance by releasing PTP1B from MET, Author is Huang, Wei-Chieh; Yen, Jia-Hau; Sung, Yu-Wen; Tung, Shiao-Lin; Chen, Po-Ming; Chu, Pei-Yi; Shih, Ya-Chi; Chi, Hsiang-Cheng; Huang, Yi-Ching; Huang, Shih-Jei; Wang, Lu-Hai, which mentions a compound: 41575-94-4, SMILESS is O=C1C2(CCC2)C(O[Pt]O1)=O.N.N, Molecular C6H12N2O4Pt, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Triple neg. breast cancer (TNBC) possesses poor prognosis mainly due to lack of effective endocrine or targeted therapies, aggressive nature and high rate of chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to play critical roles in cancer recurrence and chemoresistance. THEMIS2 was identified as the sole common elevated gene in three triple neg. breast cancer (TNBC) and two ovarian CSC lines. We discovered an intrinsic signaling scaffold function of THEMIS2, which acts as a novel regulator of cancer stemness in promoting multiple cancer stemness properties including sphere formation, stemness markers expression, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity with low numbers of cancer cells implantation. For the first time, we demonstrated that THEMIS2 specifically enhanced MET activating phosphorylation by suppressing the association of protein-tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) with p-MET and MET, which accounted mainly for THEMIS2-mediated effect on cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Increased THEMIS2 expression was associated with poor survival in TNBC patients and in patients from our breast cancer cohort. We found that non-cytotoxic dosages of cryptotanshinone (CPT) could potently inhibit cancer stemness, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity by suppressing expression of THEMIS2. Notably, stable overexpression of THEMIS2 is associated with enhanced sensitivity toward Capmatinib and CPT treatment. Expression levels of THEMIS2 and p-MET protein were pos. correlated in the 465 breast cancer specimens. Our study revealed the novel oncogenic role of THEMIS2 and its underlying mechanism via suppressing PTP1B association with MET and thus leading to its activation. Our findings suggest that THEMIS2 could be a biomarker for MET targeted therapy and also provide a potential clin. application using low dosages of CPT for treatment of THEMIS2 pos. TNBC.

《Novel function of THEMIS2 in the enhancement of cancer stemness and chemoresistance by releasing PTP1B from MET》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Our Top Choice Compound: 14481-08-4

《Synthesis of undoped and Ni doped InTaO4 photoactive thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))Safety of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II).

Safety of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II). The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II), is researched, Molecular C22H38NiO4, CAS is 14481-08-4, about Synthesis of undoped and Ni doped InTaO4 photoactive thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Author is McSporran, N.; Rico, V.; Borras, A.; Gonzalez-Elipe, A. R.; Sauthier, G.; Gyoergy, E.; Santiso, J.; Garcia, G.; Figueras, A.; Parafianovic, L.; Abrutis, A..

Indium tantalate (InTaO4) and nickel doped InTaO4, In1-xNixTaO4 (x = 0.1), thin films were grown by Pulsed Injection Metal Organic Chem. Vapor Deposition (PI-MOCVD). The deposition was carried out using as precursors a solution of Ta(OC2H5)5 and In(THD)3 in toluene for the InTaO4 and Ta(OC2H5)5, In(THD)3 and Ni(THD)2 in toluene for the In1-xNixTaO4 thin films. The compounds formation, films stoichiometry and crystalline structure were studied as a function of substrate temperature and precursors concentration Crystalline and stoichiometric (indium/tantalum at. ratio of 1) films were obtained under optimized deposition conditions. Post-deposition heat treatment in N2 or O2 atmospheres further improved the crystalline quality of the films. Under optimum growth conditions the films showed no phase segregations, a feature that makes them suitable for future photocatalytic applications. The study of hydrophilic activities of In1-xNixTaO4 thin films evidenced a decrease of the water contact angle up to 60° under visible light irradiation and a complete transformation in a superhydrophilic state upon UV irradiation

《Synthesis of undoped and Ni doped InTaO4 photoactive thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))Safety of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II).

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The origin of a common compound about 14481-08-4

《Surface Modification of CoOx Loaded BiVO4 Photoanodes with Ultrathin p-Type NiO Layers for Improved Solar Water Oxidation》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))Reference of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II).

Reference of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II). Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II), is researched, Molecular C22H38NiO4, CAS is 14481-08-4, about Surface Modification of CoOx Loaded BiVO4 Photoanodes with Ultrathin p-Type NiO Layers for Improved Solar Water Oxidation. Author is Zhong, Miao; Hisatomi, Takashi; Kuang, Yongbo; Zhao, Jiao; Liu, Min; Iwase, Akihide; Jia, Qingxin; Nishiyama, Hiroshi; Minegishi, Tsutomu; Nakabayashi, Mamiko; Shibata, Naoya; Niishiro, Ryo; Katayama, Chisato; Shibano, Hidetaka; Katayama, Masao; Kudo, Akihiko; Yamada, Taro; Domen, Kazunari.

Photoelectrochem. (PEC) devices that use semiconductors to absorb solar light for water splitting offer a promising way toward the future scalable production of renewable hydrogen fuels. However, the charge recombination in the photoanode/electrolyte (solid/liquid) junction is a major energy loss and hampers the PEC performance from being efficient. Here, we show that this problem is addressed by the conformal deposition of an ultrathin p-type NiO layer on the photoanode to create a buried p/n junction as well as to reduce the charge recombination at the surface trapping states for the enlarged surface band bending. Further, the in situ formed hydroxyl-rich and hydroxyl-ion-permeable NiOOH enables the dual catalysts of CoOx and NiOOH for the improved water oxidation activity. Compared to the CoOx loaded BiVO4 (CoOx/BiVO4) photoanode, the ∼6 nm NiO deposited NiO/CoOx/BiVO4 photoanode triples the photocurrent d. at 0.6 VRHE under AM 1.5G illumination and enables a 1.5% half-cell solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. Stoichiometric oxygen and hydrogen are generated with Faraday efficiency of unity over 12 h. This strategy could be applied to other narrow band gap semiconducting photoanodes toward the low-cost solar fuel generation devices.

《Surface Modification of CoOx Loaded BiVO4 Photoanodes with Ultrathin p-Type NiO Layers for Improved Solar Water Oxidation》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))Reference of Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II).

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Something interesting about 178396-31-1

《Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Reactions Using Phosphate/Sulfonate Hypervalent Iodine Reagents》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline)Reference of 6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline.

Reference of 6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8BrN, CAS is 178396-31-1, about Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Reactions Using Phosphate/Sulfonate Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Author is He, Yimiao; Huang, Lilan; Xie, Limei; Liu, Peng; Wei, Qiongmei; Mao, Fangfang; Zhang, Xuehong; Huang, Jun; Chen, Sijing; Huang, Chusheng.

In the presence of Pd(OAc)2, 8-methylquinolines and 8-ethylquinoline underwent directed and regioselective oxidative phosphorylation, phosphination, sulfonylation, and hydroxylation reactions with (hydroxy)aryliodine phosphates, phosphinates, and sulfonates to yield 8-quinolinylmethyl phosphates, phosphinates, sulfonates, and alcs. 2-Arylpyridines underwent hydroxylation and arylation reactions under similar conditions to yield 2-(2-pyridinyl)phenols and biarylpyridines, resp. The quinolinylmethyl sulfonates underwent further substitution reactions.

《Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization Reactions Using Phosphate/Sulfonate Hypervalent Iodine Reagents》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline)Reference of 6-Bromo-8-methylquinoline.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Why Are Children Getting Addicted To 41575-94-4

《Pre-operative Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based Chemoradiotherapy for Older Adults With Esophageal Cancer.》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Category: esters-buliding-blocks. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II), is researched, Molecular C6H12N2O4Pt, CAS is 41575-94-4, about Pre-operative Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based Chemoradiotherapy for Older Adults With Esophageal Cancer.. Author is Al-Jumayli, Mohammed; Choucair, Khalil; Al-Obaidi, Ammar; Park, Robin; Bansal, Ajay; Baranda, Joaquina; Sun, Weijing; Saeed, Anwaar.

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of pre-operative platinum/5-fluorouracil (P5F) and carboplatin/paclitaxel (CP), in combination with radiation therapy in older adults with locally advanced, stage I-III esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients aged ≥70 years who underwent chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy for stage I-III esophageal cancer between 2008 and 2018. Pathological complete response (pCR) and survival rates were compared across the two chemotherapy regimen arms. RESULTS: Treatment completion (p=0.28), pCR (p=0.89), and partial response rates were similar across both chemotherapy groups. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were similar across both groups with HR=0.80 (p=0.62) and HR=0.72 (p=0.72) respectively. CONCLUSION: The lesser toxic CP regimen may be used in older patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, with tumor response and survival rates similar to P5F chemotherapy.

《Pre-operative Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based Chemoradiotherapy for Older Adults With Esophageal Cancer.》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(cis-Diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II))Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Awesome and Easy Science Experiments about 14481-08-4

《Chemical vapour deposition of metastable Ni3N》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))SDS of cas: 14481-08-4.

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Chemical vapour deposition of metastable Ni3N, published in 2009, which mentions a compound: 14481-08-4, Name is Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II), Molecular C22H38NiO4, SDS of cas: 14481-08-4.

Metastable nickel nitride (Ni3N) was chem. vapor deposited using bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)Ni(II) (Ni(thd)2) and ammonia precursors. The growth on both nonetched Si(100) and amorphous SiO2 is polycrystalline at deposition temperatures between 200-290°. However, at the highest temperatures the impurity level of oxygen and carbon originating from the metal precursor ligand, is ∼5%. The growth rate dependence of temperature is divided into three different regions with large differences in activation energies, interpreted as different factors controlling the growth. The deposition rate as a function of precursor supply as well as the incubation time for the growth initiation are different at temperatures which are further indications of differences in reaction mechanism. By substitution of NH3 for H2 to the reactant gas the growth mechanism occurs via surface -NHx groups.

《Chemical vapour deposition of metastable Ni3N》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))SDS of cas: 14481-08-4.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sources of common compounds: 14481-08-4

《Thermochemical properties of nickel(II) β-diketonates》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))HPLC of Formula: 14481-08-4.

HPLC of Formula: 14481-08-4. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II), is researched, Molecular C22H38NiO4, CAS is 14481-08-4, about Thermochemical properties of nickel(II) β-diketonates. Author is Gerasimov, P. A.; Gerasimova, A. I.; Arkhipov, Yu. A.; Igumenov, I. K..

The heats of combustion and formation as well as sublimation heat at 298.15 K and sublimation pressures determined measured calorimetrically for Ni dipivaloylmethanate (Ni(DPM)2) and Ni diketoiminate (Ni(KI)2). Equations for the sublimation pressures as functions of absolute temperature are given for the intervals 364.7-385.4 and 348.1-358.3 K for Ni(DPM)2 and Ni(KI)2, resp.

《Thermochemical properties of nickel(II) β-diketonates》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)nickel(II))HPLC of Formula: 14481-08-4.

Reference:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics