Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Effect of microwave and hot air treatment on enzyme activity, oil fraction quality and antioxidant activity of wheat germ was written by Meriles, Silvina Patricia;Penci, Maria Cecilia;Curet, Sebastien;Boillereaux, Lionel;Ribotta, Pablo Daniel. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

The aim of this work was to study the effects of microwaves (MW) and hot air (HA) treatments on enzyme activities and quality parameters in wheat germ (WG). Both MW and HA were effective at inactivating lipases. MW treatment inactivated lipases more at lower temperatures (60 and 70鎺矯) than HA (150-200鎺矯). Peroxide values, acidity, and fatty acid profiles of WG oil remained unaltered after HA and MW treatments. Loss of 浼?tocopherol contents was observed following HA treatment, but total tocopherol content remained above 77% baselines values in all treated samples. The main antioxidant mechanism of WG extracts was associated with inactivation of radicals, rather than reducing capacity. MW treatment at 60 and 70鎺矯 enhanced radical scavenging activity, while total polyphenol contents and reducing capacities were neg. affected. Therefore, MW treatment is a promising technol. to stabilize WG, retaining quality and antioxidant activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Recommanded Product: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of characteristic volatile flavor components of preserved Lao-Xiang-Huang of Chaozhou was written by Lin, Liang-jing;Cai, Hui-tian;Bao, Han;Huang, Xue-ying;Chen, Xi;Gao, Xiang-yang. And the article was included in Xiandai Shipin Keji in 2021.Synthetic Route of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

In this study, the volatile flavor components of different brands of preserved Lao-Xiang-Huang from the Chaoshan area were analyzed based on gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry GC-IMS. A total of 9 types and 70 species were detected, including 8 esters (6%閳?2%), 14 aldehydes (10%閳?4%), 12 alcs. (13%閳?7%), 3 ketones (3%閳?%), 23 terpenoids (49%閳?2%), 6 acids (1%閳?%), 3 furans (2%閳?%), 1 thiazole (0.4%閳?.5%) and 1 pyrazine (0.6%閳?.6%). Through the calculation and anal. of relative activity value (ROAV), the key volatile flavor contributors of (ROAV>1) were obtained, including geraniol, citronellol, linalool, 1,8-cineole-M, 1,8-cineole-D, myrcene-M, methional, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanol, propanal, Me 2-methylbutanoate, 1-phenylethanol and nonanal. Among them, methional contributed the most to the flavor of the preserved Lao-Xiang-Huang. Principal component anal. (PCA) can effectively distinguish the samples of different brands. Partial least squares discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) combined with one-way ANOVA was used to screen 15 marker volatile compounds (VIP>1). GC-IMS can distinguish different brands of preserved Lao-Xiang-Huang, and allow rapid anal. of the differences in volatile compounds, thereby providing a reference for qual. and quant. research on the characteristic flavor components of preserved Lao-Xiang-Huang. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Synthetic Route of C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Honeycomb-like 2D metal-organic polyhedral framework exhibiting selectively adsorption of CO₂ was written by Du, Liting;Miao, Yinchun;Zheng, Baishu;Ma, Mengtao;Zhang, Jinchi. And the article was included in Journal of Solid State Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

A new honeycomb-like 2D Metal-organic polyhedral framework, {Cu_3.75(BrCPEIP)_2.5璺?H₂O)_2.75璺疍MF}_n (NJFU-5, H₃BrCPEIP = 5-((3-bromo-5-carboxyphenyl)ethynyl)isophthalic acid) was solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized, which shows a BET surface area of 473 m² g^-1. Meanwhile, NJFU exhibits a comparably higher CO₂ adsorption capacity of 37.0 cm³ g^-1 (4.6 wt%) at 1 bar and 298 K in 2D MOF family, and a high CO₂ selective adsorption toward N₂ and CH₄ as well. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics. Predicting urinary excretion from in vitro skin permeation tests (IVPT) for an infinite dose was written by Liu, Xin;Yousef, Shereen;Anissimov, Yuri G.;van der Hoek, John;Tsakalozou, Eleftheria;Ni, Zhanglin;Grice, Jeffrey E.;Roberts, Michael S.. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

In this work, we developed a number of generalised skin diffusion based pharmacokinetic models to relate published in vivo urinary excretion data to matching exptl. generated in vitro human skin permeation test (IVPT) data for a series of topically applied salicylate esters. A simplified linear in vivo model was found to inadequately describe the time course of urinary excretion over the entire sampling period. We represented the skin barrier as both a one layer (stratum corneum) and a two-layer (stratum corneum with viable epidermis) diffusion model and convoluted their Laplace solutions with that for a single exponential disposition phase to describe the urinary excretion profiles in the Laplace domain. We also derived asymptotic approximations for the model and estimated the conditions under which they could be used. We then sought to develop in vitro – in vivo relationships (IVIVR) for topically applied Me, Et and glycol salicylates using our exptl. IVPT data and the literature urinary excretion data. Good linear IVIVRs for Et and glycol salicylates were obtained, but the IVIVR for Me salicylate was poor, perhaps because of topical stimulation of local skin blood flow by Me salicylate. The ratio of the hydrated to dehydrated skin permeation for all salicylate esters was the same in both the IVPT and in vivo studies. A diffusion based one compartment pharmacokinetic model was also developed to describe the urinary excretion of solutes after removal of topical products and to compare the Me salicylate skin permeation for five different body sites. The work presented here is consistent with the development of skin IVIVRs, but suggests that different skin conditions, application sites and local skin effects may affect model predictions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6HPLC of Formula: 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved synthesis of thiophene-2-acetic acid was written by Zhou, Jianmin;Tan, Liquan;Yu, Mei;Lin, Rihui;Huang, Min. And the article was included in Jingxi Shiyou Huagong in 2012.Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

Influence of different catalysts on acylation reaction of thiophene using thiophene and acetic anhydride as starting materials was reported. With 2-acetyl thiophene (I) as model substrate, effects of solvents and phase-transfer catalysts on oxidation rearrangement of the intermediate were studied. The oxidation rearrangement product 2-thienyl acetate (II) was formed using H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂ and PEG-400 as the co-catalysts in chloroform. II was hydrolyzed to 2-thiophene acetic acid (III) with the yield of 66.8% after recrystallization The structure of III was confirmed by ¹H NMR and IR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Addition of essential oil from lemongrass to the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diet: Effects on growth, intestinal enzymes, haematological and metabolic variables, and antimicrobial challenge was written by Copatti, Carlos E.;Felix e Silva, Altiery;Lorenzo, Vitor P.;da Costa, Mateus M.;Melo, Jose F. B.. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Synthetic Route of C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

This study evaluated the effect of dietary addition of essential oil from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) (EOCC) on growth, intestinal enzymes, biochem. and haematol. variables, and survival after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Five diets with different levels of EOCC-0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mL kg diet^-1-were evaluated for 60 days, followed by 15 days of bacterial infection. The major chem. compound of EOCC was 浼?citral (73.55%). There were no differences in fish survival. Supplementation of 0.25 or 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 increased weight gain (p = 0.034). In general, haematol. variables were increased in the treatment 0.25 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 (p < 0.05). As the EOCC concentration in the diet increased, plasma glucose, albumin, total cholesterol levels and hepatic somatic index were decreased, and plasma total proteins and muscle glycogen levels were increased (p < 0.05). In tambaqui fed 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1, there were increased hepatic glycogen levels (p < 0.016) and intestinal alk. protease activity (p = 0.049). In conclusion, up to 0.50 mL EOCC kg diet^-1 could improve growth performance, haematol. variables, muscle glycogen levels and intestinal alk. protease activity in tambaqui but did not affect fish survival after A. hydrophila infection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Synthetic Route of C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Pilot Study: Nails as a Non-invasive Biospecimen of Human Exposure to Phthalate Esters was written by Li, Chao;Jin, Yucheng;Xu, Shen;He, Huan. And the article was included in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Human biomonitoring provides a scientific approach that systematically reveals exposure to phthalates through all possible routes. In this pilot study, fingernail was chosen as a non-destructive biospecimen to assess human exposure to nine phthalates. Concentrations of total phthalates ranged from 17.8 to 176娓璯/g (median: 65.4娓璯/g). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-Bu phthalate (DBP), and di-iso-Bu phthalate were the major compounds found in fingernails, accounting for 64.3%, 19.4%, and 12.9% of the total phthalates, resp. No significant difference in phthalates concentrations was found among genders and age-related distribution (p > 0.05). The concentration of DBP was pos. correlated with participants body mass index (r = 0.83). Our results suggested that fingernail can be used as a non-invasive biospecimen for the biomonitoring of human exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between phthalates or their metabolites in fingernail and other biol. samples, such as urine and blood. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Recommanded Product: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 绾?valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small Molecule Inhibitors of Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins was written by Turner, Emma M.;Blazer, Levi L.;Neubig, Richard R.;Husbands, Stephen M.. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Application of 2740-88-7 This article mentions the following:

Recently, regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets since they provide an alternative method of modulating the activity of G protein-coupled receptors, the target of so many drugs. Inhibitors of RGS proteins must block a protein-protein interaction (RGS-G浼? but also be cell and, depending on the therapeutic target, blood-brain barrier permeable. A lead compound (1a) was identified as an inhibitor of RGS4 in a screening assay, and this has now been optimized for activity, selectivity, and solubility The newly developed ligands (11b and 13) display substantial selectivity over the closely related RGS8 protein, lack the off-target calcium mobilization activity of the lead 1a, and have excellent aqueous solubility They are currently being evaluated in vivo in rodent models of depression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Application of 2740-88-7).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 2740-88-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A metabolomics comparison of Lactobacillus communities isolated from breast milk and camel milk and Lactobacillus apis isolated from bee gut during cereals-based fermentation vs. Lactobacillus plantarum as a reference was written by Ghamry, Mohamed;Li, Li;Zhao, Wei. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Computed Properties of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

New and unconventional sources of probiotics may provide unique health efficacy by producing healthy, bioactive compounds The current study evaluates the fermentation efficiency and intrinsic effects on the bioactive substances produced by Lactobacillus apis (L. apis) as a novel strain isolated from the bumblebee gut, two different isolated Lactobacillus communities from breast milk (L.BM) and camel milk (L.CM). Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) was used as a reference during rice and oats fermentation The obtained results indicated that L.BM and L. CM treatments gave the highest production of phenolics and flavonoids values for different substrates and had the highest impact on the antioxidant capacity. All treatments demonstrated the ability to improve protein quality and properties significantly as compared to non-fermented flours. The best patterns were obtained with L.BM, followed by L. apis and L.CM compared with L. plantarum and non-fermented rice samples. The L.BM and L. apis showed a significant enhancement of volatile components in fermented rice, while L. CM displayed a pronounced effect on volatile production among oats treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Computed Properties of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Classification of Japanese Pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) from Different Growing Regions Based on Analysis of Volatile Compounds and Sensory Evaluation was written by Yamasaki, Kazuaki;Fukutome, Nami;Hayakawa, Fumiyo;Ibaragi, Nobuo;Nagano, Yukio. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

The Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.) is an attractive plant that is highly palatable and benefits human health. There are several lineages of pepper plants in Japan. However, the classification of each lineage by analyzing its volatile compounds and studies on the effects of differences in volatile compounds on human flavor perception have not been performed in detail. Herein, we conducted gas chromatog. (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. of volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of flavor by an anal. panel using 10 com. available dry powd. Japanese pepper products from different regions. GC and GC/MS anal. detected limonene, 灏?phellandrene, citronellal, and geranyl acetate as the major volatile compounds of Japanese peppers. The composition of volatile compounds showed different characteristics depending on the growing regions, and cluster anal. of composition classified the products into five groups. The sensory evaluation classified the products into four groups, and the results of both classifications were in good agreement. Our results provide an important basis for proposing cooking and utilization methods that take advantage of the unique characteristics of each lineage based on scientific evidence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics