Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Structural development of 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-selective agonists was written by Miyachi, Hiroyuki;Yuzuriha, Tomohiro;Tabata, Ryotaro;Fukuda, Syohei;Nunomura, Kazuto;Lin, Bangzhong;Kobayashi, Tadayuki;Ishimoto, Kenji;Doi, Takefumi;Tachibana, Keisuke. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Safety of Methyl2-methylbutyrate This article mentions the following:

1H-Pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (I) has been previously reported as an agonist of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (hPPARα). Here, a series of 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives has been prepared in order to examine the structure-activity relationships (SAR). SAR studies clearly indicated that the steric bulkiness of the substituent on 1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine ring, the position of the distal hydrophobic tail part, and the distance between the distal hydrophobic tail part and the acidic head part are critical for hPPARα agonistic activity. These SAR results are somewhat different from those reported for fibrate-class hPPARα agonists. A representative compound (II) was as effective as fenofibrate in reducing the elevated plasma triglyceride levels in a high-fructose-fed rat model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Safety of Methyl2-methylbutyrate).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Safety of Methyl2-methylbutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thap Maeo bananas: Fast ripening and full ethylene perception at low doses was written by Saraiva, Lorenzo A.;Castelan, Florence P.;Gomes, Bruna L.;Purgatto, Eduardo;Cordenunsi-Lysenko, Beatriz R.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2018.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Brazil is a major producer and consumer of various banana types. Thap Maeo is a promising cultivar for the market due to its resistance to Black and Yellow Sigatoka disease. However, a lack of information and postharvest technologies concerning Thap Maeo physiol. seems to be a significant problem limiting its expansion in the market. Thus, this study aims to establish Thap Maeo fruit’s phys., biochem., and physiol. aspects, defining the best ethylene dosage for treatment considering fruit ripening parameters. Bananas were harvested and monitored during both natural and ethylene-induced ripening processes. Assessments of pulp firmness, peel color and endogenous ethylene production showed different profiles between ethylene-treated and non-treated fruits, whereas the ethylene responses concerning the carbohydrates and hormones profiles, as well as the ethylene receptors expression, were observed in all ethylene-treated fruits, even applying low concentrations of the hormone. It thus indicated the high ethylene-sensitivity of Thap Maeo cultivar. Such postharvest behaviors reverberate in lower ethylene requirements for treatment, which was established at 10 μL L^– 1. Ethylene-inducible changes in fruit volatile compounds throughout ripening are also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile components of the kuromoji essential oil (Lindera umbellata Thunb.) and the utilization for touch care treatment was written by Sakurai, Kazutoshi;Tamai, Eiko;Masuda, Yoko;Urakami, Kenichi;Kusuhara, Masatoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Oleo Science in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

The volatile components of kuromoji oil (Lindera umbellata Thunb.) obtained in Shizuoka Pref. were analyzed by GC/MS. Linalool, α-pinene, limonene, camphene, cis- and trans-dihydrocarvone, 1,8-cineol, 4-terpinenol, α-terpineol, piperitone, geranyl acetate, geraniol, and trans-nerolidol were identified as major components. Using enantio-MDGC-MS, the enantiomeric ratio ((R)-(-) vs (S)-(+)) of linalool in this oil was determined to be 67.8/32.2. Touch care treatment while sniffing this oil was done on cancer patients. We found that the relaxation effect persisted longer after the treatment compared to treatment without aroma. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizer Metabolites in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, and Associated Risks was written by Lee, Inae;Palmke, Claudia;Ringbeck, Benedikt;Ihn, Yunchul;Gotthardt, Alexandra;Lee, Gowoon;Alakeel, Raid;Alrashed, May;Tosepu, Ramadhan;Jayadipraja, Erwin Azizi;Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat;Kliengchuay, Wissanupong;Kho, Younglim;Koch, Holger M.;Choi, Kyungho. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geog., climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, resp. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfD_AA) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, resp. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identification and relevant exposure reduction measures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold-catalyzed Cyclization of Non-conjugated Ynone-oxime Derivatives: Incorporation of Solvent Molecule was written by Tasdemir, Volkan;Menges, Nurettin. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

Au^III-promoted cyclization reaction of ynone-oxime derivatives furnished 4H-1,2-oxazine ring under mild reaction conditions. When an alc. was present in the reaction media, it was attached to the oxazine ring by the second activation of cyclic intermediate with a gold catalyst. Cholesterol, propargyl alc., phenol and some of the different alc. derivatives with alkyl chain were bonded to the oxazine ring in good yields. While amine derivatives did not attach to the ring under optimized reaction conditions, the mol. with the thiol group deactivated the gold catalyst under the same reaction conditions and did not give any cyclic products. With the obtained cyclization protocol, oxazine derivatives I [R = Et, i-Pr, Ph, etc.; Ar = Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 2-thienyl] were synthesized and characterized. The proposed cyclization mechanism was drawn according to the two independent control experiments, DFT optimization and NBO charges. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8COA of Formula: C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemicals tested as space repellents against yellow-fever mosquitoes. I. Esters was written by Gouck, Harry K.;McGovern, Terence P.;Beroza, Morton. And the article was included in Journal of Economic Entomology in 1967.Reference of 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

A total of 242 esters were tested for effectiveness as space repellents by applying them to netting with openings large enough to allow yellow-fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, to pass through, and determining the number of days the netting prevented passage of >10% of the mosquitoes to a human arm. The 5 compounds that were effective >100 days were: dipentyl, diisopentyl, and bis(1-methylbutyl) malate, hexyl p-isopropylmandelate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) fumarate. Esters with a hydroxyl group appeared to be more effective than those without this group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Reference of 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of different cooking methods on flavor compounds of Chinese traditional condiment Wuxiang powder was written by Bi, Jicai;Li, Yang;Lin, Zeyuan;Yang, Zhen;Chen, Fusheng;Liu, Sixin;Li, Congfa. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

The Wuxiang powder is a Chinese traditional condiment with a strong aroma and flavor. Moreover, it is suitable for dishes prepared using several cooking methods. Gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry was used to analyze the changes in the flavor of the original Wuxiang powder, the air-fried Wuxiang powder and the stewed Wuxiang powder. A total of 49 volatile compounds were studied, including 17 aldehydes, 9 alkenes, 9 esters, 7 alcs., 2 ethers, 2 furans, 1 acid, 1 ketone and 1 phenol. The contents of aldehydes, hydrocarbons, esters and alcs. were higher than others. The principal component anal. elucidated significant differences in the aroma among different cooking methods of the Wuxiang powder. According to the relative odor activity value, the major flavor compounds that contributed to the difference in the aroma among different cooking methods were (Z, Z)-2, 4-decadienal, anethole, decanal, 3-methylbutanal, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, linalool, eugenol, octanal, heptanal, and hexanal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Total synthesis and absolute configuration of the antibiotic oligopeptide (4S)-(+)-anthelvencin A and its 4R-(-) enantiomer was written by Lee, Moses;Coulter, Diane M.;Lown, J. William. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1988.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The total syntheses of (4S)-(+)-anthelvencin A (I) (the naturally occurring isomer) and its (4R)-(-) enantiomer are described. The absolute configuration of natural anthelvencin A is thereby unambiguously assigned. The two enantiomers bind to duplex calf thymus DNA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of different essential oils and their effect on quality attributes of ready-to-eat pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis) was written by Zhang, Lihui;Zhang, Min;Ju, Ronghua;Mujumdar, Arun S.;Liu, Kun. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Microbiology in 2022.Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

The mixture of garlic essential oil (GEO), ginger essential oil (GIEO) and litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) was prepared and its effect on the antibacterial activity of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as well as properties of ready-to-eat pakchoi during storage were assessed. GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in disruption of the permeability of cell membrane, the leakage of cytoplasmic contents, and the alteration of the secondary structure of bacterial proteins. Meanwhile, GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment repressed the key enzyme in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) cycle of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Essential oil treatments (p < 0.05) could significantly prolong the shelf life of pakchoi, total bacterial count (TBC) values and chlorophyll content of GEO/GIEO/LCEO sample were 3.47 log cfu/g and 0.82 mg/g, resp., after storage for 7 days. E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa counts in GEO/GIEO/LCEO samples decreased by 56.76%, 70.10%, 73.95% compared to CK (no essential oil) samples. The comprehensive results from the sensory (flavor and color) and microbial anal. (especially TBC) showed that GEO/GIEO/LCEO could extend the shelf life of ready-to-eat pakchoi from 4 d to 7 d. As compared with GEO, GIEO or LCEO individually, the combination of GEO, GIEO and LCEO exhibited synergistic effect and more pronouncedly antibacterial activity to improve quality of ready-to-eat pakchoi. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and x-ray structure of stable 2H-isoindoles was written by Murashima, Takashi;Tamai, Ryuji;Nishi, Keiji;Nomura, Kentaroh;Fujita, Ken-ichi;Uno, Hidemitsu;Ono, Noboru. And the article was included in Perkin 1 in 2000.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Stable 2H-isoindoles with electron-withdrawing groups were prepared by reaction of meta-dinitrobenzenes with isocyanoacetate in the presence of DBU. The use of MeCN as the solvent or a phosphazene base (BTPP) as a non-ionic base improved the yields. The structure was confirmed by x-ray crystallog. anal. of tert-Bu 7-cyano-5-nitro-2H-isoindole-1-carboxylate. According to the x-ray anal., this substance existed in the solid phase only as the 2H-isomer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7Computed Properties of C7H8N2O4).

Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (cas: 5930-92-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C7H8N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics