Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Development of a dual MOS electronic nose/camera system for improving fruit ripeness classification was written by Chen, Li-Ying;Wu, Cheng-Chun;Chou, Ting-I.;Chiu, Shih-Wen;Tang, Kea-Tiong. And the article was included in Sensors in 2018.Electric Literature of C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Electronic nose (E-nose) systems have become popular in food and fruit quality evaluation because of their rapid and repeatable availability and robustness. In this paper, we propose an E-nose system that has potential as a non-destructive system for monitoring variation in the volatile organic compounds produced by fruit during the maturing process. In addition to the E-nose system, we also propose a camera system to monitor the peel color of fruit as another feature for identification. By incorporating E-nose and camera systems together, we propose a non-destructive solution for fruit maturity monitoring. The dual E-nose/camera system presents the best Fisher class separability measure and shows a perfect classification of the four maturity stages of a banana: Unripe, half-ripe, fully ripe, and overripe. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Electric Literature of C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Electric Literature of C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly enantioselective desymmetrization of anhydrides by carbon nucleophiles: reactions of Grignard reagents in the presence of (-)-sparteine was written by Shintani, Ryo;Fu, Gregory C.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2002.Reference of 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

Where other common chiral ligands failed, (-)-sparteine can be employed to form complexes with Grignard reagents. These chirally modified reagents desymmetrize a range of anhydrides with good enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee). Whereas (-)-sparteine is well known to form complexes with organolithium reagents and to induce excellent enantioselection in their reactions with electrophiles, (-)-sparteine-controlled asym. processes that involve Grignard reagents are rare. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Reference of 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 10203-58-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring the volatile profile of whiskey samples using solid-phase microextraction Arrow and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Ferracane, Antonio;Manousi, Natalia;Tranchida, Peter Q.;Zachariadis, George A.;Mondello, Luigi;Rosenberg, Erwin. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

We present a novel sample preparation method for the extraction and preconcentration of volatile organic compounds from whiskey samples prior to their determination by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. (GC x GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Sample preparation of the volatile compounds, important for the organoleptic characteristics of different whiskeys and their acceptance and liking by the consumers, is based on the use of the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow. After optimization, the proposed method was compared with conventional SPME regarding the anal. of different types of whiskey (i.e., Irish whiskey, single malt Scotch whiskey and blended Scotch whiskey) and was shown to exhibit an up to a factor of six higher sensitivity and better repeatability by a factor of up to five, depending on the compound class. A total of 167 volatile organic compounds, including terpenes, alcs., esters, carboxylic acids, ketones, were tentatively-identified using the SPME Arrow technique, while a significantly lower number of compounds (126) were determined by means of conventional SPME. SPME Arrow combined with GC x GC-MS was demonstrated to be a powerful anal. tool for the exploration of the volatile profile of complex samples, allowing to identify differences in important flavor compounds for the three different types of whiskey investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Recommanded Product: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cross-Coupling between Difluorocarbene and Carbene-Derived Intermediates Generated from Diazocompounds for the Synthesis of gem-Difluoroolefins was written by Zheng, Jian;Lin, Jin-Hong;Yu, Liu-Ying;Wei, Yun;Zheng, Xing;Xiao, Ji-Chang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate This article mentions the following:

Cross-coupling between difluorocarbene and carbene-derived intermediates generated from diazo compounds was developed to give gem-difluoroolefins, which constitutes a fast practical pathway to achieve hindered gem-difluoroolefins. The cross-coupling between difluorocarbene and aryl diazoacetates proceeded smoothly in the presence of a copper source, whereas its coupling with diaryl diazomethanes occurred well under metal-free conditions. A mechanism involving a copper-difluorocarbene complex was proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate).

Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Degradation of PVA wastewater by Cu_xMn_xFe_3-2xO₄/MWCNT catalyst was written by Zhang, Yue;Zhu, Gaofeng;Ge, Mingqiao. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics in 2021.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Cu_xMn_xFe_3-2xO₄/MWCNT nanocomposites were prepared by co-precipitation method. The structure, morphol., and surface properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform IR spectrometer (FTIR), N2 phys. adsorption instrument, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The successful loading of metal oxides on MWCNTs increased the catalytic activity of nanocomposites. In addition, CuxMnxFe3-2xO4/MWCNTs were used as catalyst for the degradation of PVA wastewater by catalytic wet air oxidation Under the degradation conditions, pH was 2.5, catalyst dosage was1.5 g/L, reaction temperature was 275 °C, oxygen pressure was 1.0MP, the PVA degradation rate was 99.94%, the viscosity average mol. weight was decreased by 99.36%, and the degradation products were small mols. such as aldehydes, phenols, and acids, which basically confirmed the degradation of PVA wastewater. The degradation principle and kinetics were analyzed. The catalyst was washed and recovered and can maintain good catalytic capacity after four times of repeated use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Synthetic Route of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of ultrasonic waves on the generation and reactivities of some metal powders was written by Boudjouk, Philip;Thompson, Dennis P.;Ohrbom, Walter H.;Han, Byung Hee. And the article was included in Organometallics in 1986.Application of 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

Ultrasound substantially accelerates the Li reductions of a variety of metal halides to metal powders. Zn powder produced in âˆ?0 min at room temperature with ultrasound demonstrates the reactivity in the Reformatskii reaction which rivals Zn produced in 4 h with K in refluxing THF. Similarly Cu and Ni powders produced in âˆ?0 min with ultrasound promote Ullmann coupling as effectively as Cu and Ni powders produced in >10 h in the presence of stirring. Results regarding the effect of iodide salts in the Ullmann coupling of C₆H₅CH₂Cl are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Application of 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of Soft Microactuators in a Continuous Flow Synthesis Using a Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Crosslinker was written by Fleischmann, Eva-Kristina;Ohm, Christian;Serra, Christophe;Zentel, Rudolf. And the article was included in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics in 2012.SDS of cas: 27249-90-7 This article mentions the following:

We present the synthesis of a polymeric liquid crystalline (LC) crosslinker and its usage in the preparation of soft microactuators. The microactuators, composed of thermoresponsive liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE), are fabricated in a microfluidic device in a continuous “on the fly” process. The LC polymer crosslinker is miscible with the LC monomer and provides for a rapid polymerization and crosslinking. Most importantly, it promotes an enantiotropic mesophase of the mobile monomer phase, which is not provided by conventional nonmesogenic crosslinkers. This allows an isothermal handling inside the microfluidic setup. Temperature-driven shape changes up to 65% could be achieved by judiciously optimizing the crosslinking d. of the LCE particles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7SDS of cas: 27249-90-7).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 27249-90-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclization at Remote Unactivated C(sp³)-H Sites: Hydrogen-Atom Transfer of Hybrid Vinyl Palladium Radical Intermediates was written by Ratushnyy, Maxim;Parasram, Marvin;Wang, Yang;Gevorgyan, Vladimir. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Electric Literature of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

A mild, visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed hydrogen atom translocation/atom-transfer radical cyclization (HAT/ATRC) cascade has been developed. This protocol involves a 1,5-HAT process of previously unknown hybrid vinyl palladium radical intermediates, thus leading to iodomethyl carbo- and heterocyclic structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Electric Literature of C11H20O4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of zinc isophthalate on the crystallization and crystal transformation behavior of polybutene alloy was written by Zhu, Enci;Guo, Chao;Wang, Jie;Zhao, Shicheng. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Research in 2022.Formula: C73H108O12 This article mentions the following:

The slow crystallization rate and crystal transformation restrict the application of PB-A (PB blended with 2-3wt% polypropylene). This paper investigated the effects of zinc isophthalate (ZnIA) on the crystallization and crystal transformation behavior of PB-A by means of DSC, POM, XRD and Flash DSC. The results showed that addition of ZnIA raised the crystallization peak temperature from 71.1°C to 82.8°C and decreased the half crystallization time from 818 s to 160 s at the content of 0.2wt%. It also reduced the spherulites size dramatically according to the images of POM. The survey conducted by Flash DSC showed that the formation of amorphous phase was retarded by the addition of ZnIA as cooling rate increasing and as a result, the crystallinity of PB-A was raised from 50.0 to 56.1% with 0.2wt% ZnIA added. Moreover, the improvement on crystal transformation caused by ZnIA could be owing to the increase in crystallization temperature which leads to the enhancement of internal thermal stress and shortened nucleating process as well before the growth of form I. In conclusion, Znic Isophthalate is a kind of effective and multifunctional nucleating agent for PB-A and this study is beneficial to understand the mechanism of crystallization as well as the crystal transformation for PB-A. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Formula: C73H108O12).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C73H108O12

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Determination of phthalic acid esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in fish and squid using the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was written by Sambolino, Annalisa;Ortega-Zamora, Cecilia;Gonzalez-Salamo, Javier;Dinis, Ana;Cordeiro, Nereida;Canning-Clode, Joao;Hernandez-Borges, Javier. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method, considered highly advantageous in relation to instrument maintenance and other issues, was applied for the first time to extract a group of twelve phthalic acid esters (PAEs, i.e. di-Pr phthalate, DPP; diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP; di-Bu phthalate, DBP; diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP; di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP; dihexyl phthalate, DHP; Bu benzyl phthalate, BBP; dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP; di-n-octyl phthalate, DNOP; diisononyl phthalate, DINP; and diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP) and one adipate (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, DEHA) from two species of fish (Scomber colias and Katsuwonus pelamis) and one of squid (Loligo gahi). The method was validated in terms of linearity, trueness and matrix effects. Determination coefficients (R2) for matrix-matched calibration curves were higher than 0.99 in all cases, being the lowest calibration levels in the range 0.5-10 ng/g. Mean recovery values were between 70 and 117% with relative standard deviation values â‰?0%. Matrix effects were soft (between -20 and +20%) for most analytes and matrixes, except in squid samples, which was mostly medium with a moderate ion suppression. The anal. of 10 samples of each type showed the presence of DIBP, DBP and DEHP at concentrations up to 44.2 ± 2.1 ng/g of wet weight in some of the samples and species, still not representing concerning values when considering the daily intake of such species of seafood in the human diet (tolerable daily intake -TDI- values were not exceeded). The results demonstrated that the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method can be applied with success for the extraction and determination of the selected PAEs and DEHA in fish and squid samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Product Details of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Product Details of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics