Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Esterification of dicarboxylic acids to diesters over Mⁿ⁺-montmorillonite clay catalysts was written by Reddy, C. Ravindra;Iyengar, Pushpa;Nagendrappa, Gopalpur;Prakash, B. S. Jai. And the article was included in Catalysis Letters in 2005.Product Details of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

Esterification of dicarboxylic acids with various alcs. and phenols in presence of metal exchanged montmorillonite clay catalyst (Mⁿ⁺-mont; Mⁿ⁺ = Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺) was studied. Among the catalysts used, Al³⁺-mont was found to be the most effective, as it gave good to excellent yields of esters under mild reaction conditions. The heterogeneous catalyst presented here can be regenerated and reused. All these features indicate the high potential of the reaction as “green chem.” process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Product Details of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Product Details of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tetracycline residue alters profile of lactic acid bacterial communities and metabolites of ginger pickle during spontaneous fermentation was written by Xiang, Wen-Liang;Zhao, Qiu-Huan;Lu, Yue;Tang, Jie;Cai, Ting;Rao, Yu;Liu, Lei;Zhang, Qing. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Reference of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Antibiotic residue, an emerging contaminant, has been an increasing concern worldwide in vegetables. However, the focus is still limited to its accumulation in vegetables and its adverse health effect on humans, with little mention of its impact on the vegetable process. Fermentation is an important method of the vegetable process. Tetracycline (TC) is the most widely used antibiotic, and its residue is often higher than other antibiotics in ginger. Therefore, current research was to characterize how the TC residue affected the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) communities and metabolites during the salted fermentation of ginger. The TC residue, organic acids, volatile compounds and LABs were analyzed during the fermentation, and the correlations between the LABs and compounds were also revealed. The results suggested that the hetero-lactic fermentation did not happen under the TC residue although the TC residue decreased from 4 mg/kg to 2.56 mg/kg in salt brine of ginger fermentation Meanwhile, TC residue affected the occurrence, propagation and succession of LABs. The LAB biomarkers shifted to Laboratory parafarraginis, Laboratory buchneri and Laboratory kisonensis under TC residue. Responded to LAB communities, the organic acids and volatile compounds were also markedly changed under the TC residue. And the important volatile compound variables shifted to citronellol, allylsenevol, geranyl acetate, vinylstearylether, isothiocyanic acid phenethyl, 3-octanol, geraniol, bingpian, citral and camphor. The transformation of LAB biomarkers induced by TC residue was the main cause of the change of important volatile compound variables, but interestingly, not all of them had significant pos. or neg. correlations. These results indicated that the antibiotic residue has an adverse ecol. effect on the vegetable fermentation process. Therefore, the antibiotic residue should be listed as a quality control index in fermented vegetable raw materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Reference of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of volatile compounds of five varieties of Maya cocoa during fermentation and drying processes by Venn diagram and PCA was written by Utrilla-Vazquez, Marycarmen;Rodriguez-Campos, Jacobo;Avendano-Arazate, Carlos Hugo;Gschaedler, Anne;Lugo-Cervantes, Eugenia. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

Fermented cocoa beans can be described as a complex matrix that integrates the chem. history of beans, their processing, and environmental factors. This study presents an anal. that aims to identify volatile compounds of five varieties of fine-aroma cocoa types. The cocoa types studied were Carmelo, Rojo Samuel, Lagarto, Arcoiris, Regalo de Dios, that grow in the Maya lands of Chiapas, Mexico. Profile of volatile compounds was obtained from each cacao type during fermentation and drying process. This profile of volatile compounds also was compared with beans unfermented, using a statistical anal. of Venn diagram and a multivariate Anal. of Principal Components (PCA). One hundred nine different compounds were identified by SPME-HS GC-MS, these compounds mainly related to desirable aromatic notes generated by esters, aldehydes, ketones, and alcs. The differences in chem. composition of the volatile compounds were associated mainly with the process and not to cocoa varieties. Fermented dry cocoa beans showed a higher content of esters, aldehydes, pyrazines, alcs., some acids, and furans where Lagarto (CL), Rojo Samuel (CR), and Regalo de Dios (TRD) cocoas type showed a more interesting aromatic profile. On the other hand, as expected dry unfermented cocoas presented a few numbers of aroma compounds, in the five cacao types, where alcs., ketones and hydrocarbons predominated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.HPLC of Formula: 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Cyclopentenones through Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Annulation of Acrylic Acids with Formaldehyde and Malonates was written by Yu, Shuling;Hong, Chao;Liu, Zhanxiang;Zhang, Yuhong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2021.Synthetic Route of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of cyclopentenones I (R¹ = Et, Bn, c-hexyl, etc.; R² = H, Me, Et, Ph; -R¹R²– = -(CH₂)₃-, -(CH₂)₄-; R³ = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu) based on a three-component reaction of acrylic acids, formaldehyde, and malonates via vinylic C-H activation is reported. Exploratory studies showed that 5-alkylation of as-prepared cyclopentenones could be realized smoothly by the treatment of a variety of alkyl halides with a Na₂CO₃/MeOH solution Excess formaldehyde and malonate led to a multicomponent reaction that afforded the multisubstituted cyclopentenones II (R¹ = n-Bu, 3-FC₆H₄, Ph(CH₂)₂, etc.; R² = H, Me, Et, etc.; R³ = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr; -R¹R²– = -(CH₂)₄-) through a Michael addition In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Synthetic Route of C11H20O4).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Making of water soluble curcumin to potentiate conventional antimicrobials by inducing apoptosis-like phenomena among drug-resistant bacteria was written by Yadav, Shivangi;Singh, Ashish Kumar;Agrahari, Anand Kumar;Sharma, Kavyanjali;Singh, Anoop Shyam;Gupta, Munesh Kumar;Tiwari, Vinod Kumar;Prakash, Pradyot. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

The upsurge of multidrug resistant bacterial infections with declining pipeline of newer antibiotics has made it imperative to develop newer mols. or tailor the existing mols. for more effective antimicrobial therapies. Since antiquity, the use of curcumin, in the form of Curcuma longa paste, to treat infectious lesions is unperturbed despite its grave limitations like instability and aqueous insolubility Here, we utilized “click” chem. to address both the issues along with improvisation of its antibacterial and antibiofilm profile. We show that soluble curcumin disrupts several bacterial cellular processes leading to the Fenton′s chem. mediated increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased membrane permeability of both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria. We here report that its ability to induce oxidative stress can be harnessed to potentiate activities of ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and vancomycin. In addition, we demonstrated that the soluble curcumin reported herein even sensitizes resistant Gram-neg. clin. isolates to the Gram-pos. specific antibiotic vancomycin, thereby expanding the antibacterial spectrum of this drug. This work shows that the soluble curcumin can be used to enhance the action of existing antimicrobials against both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria thus strengthening the antibiotic arsenal for fighting resistant bacterial infections for many years to come. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Compositional changes of the floral scent volatile emissions from Asian skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius, Araceae) over flowering sex phases was written by Oguri, Suguru;Sakamaki, Kensuke;Sakamoto, Hikaru;Kubota, Kikue. And the article was included in Phytochemical Analysis in 2019.Recommanded Product: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate This article mentions the following:

Introduction : Flowering of the Asian skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius, Araceae) shows a sequential expression of female, bisexual and male sex phases. The protogynous thermogenic inflorescence has unpleasant odours, but the contributing chem. composition is poorly understood. Objective : To determine the volatile composition of odor emissions from each S. renifolius flowering phase. Methodol. : The dynamic headspace method was used to collect floral volatiles from six intact S. renifolius inflorescences in their natural habitat. Collected volatiles from the three flowering phases were analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O). Results : Female-phase inflorescences were characterised by an earthy-rotten-minty odor, while male-phase inflorescences typically exhibited a rotten-oily odor. Approx. 160 compounds were detected in volatiles from the three phases. Common to all phases were 3-methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate, 1,8-cineole, di-Me disulfide and sabinene, together accounting for 52 to 54% of total volatiles. GC-MS/O revealed that at least 28 volatiles including eight S-containing compounds contributed to the unpleasant odor of S. renifolius. Among them, di-Me disulfide (onion-like), methional (potato-like), and the tentatively identified Me dithioformate (garlic-like) were intense odor-active compounds in each floral phase. Addnl., 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) was a major contributor to the earthy odor that was characteristic of the female phase. Conclusions : No marked changes were observed in floral volatile compositions over the three flowering phases of S. renifolius. Instead, flower phase-dependent proportional changes of minor components (e.g. IPMP and 2,3-butanedione) altered the odor characteristics between the female and male phases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Recommanded Product: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Remote Cooperative Group Strategy Enables Ligands for Accelerative Asymmetric Gold Catalysis was written by Wang, Zhixun;Nicolini, Corrado;Hervieu, Cedric;Wong, Yuk-Fai;Zanoni, Giuseppe;Zhang, Liming. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate This article mentions the following:

An accelerative asym. gold catalysis is achieved for the first time via chiral ligand metal cooperation. An asym. positioned remote amide group in the designed chiral binaphthyl-based ligand plays the essential role of a general base catalyst and selectively accelerates the cyclizations of 4-allen-1-ols into one prochiral allene face. The reactions are mostly highly enantioselective with achiral substrates, and due to the accelerated nature of the catalysis catalyst loadings as low as 100 ppm are allowed. With a pre-existing chiral center at any of the backbone sp³-carbons, the reaction remained highly efficient and most importantly maintained excellent allene facial selectivities regardless of the substrate stereochem. By using different combinations of ligand and substrate enantiomers, it is now possible to access all four stereoisomers of versatile 2-vinyltetrahydrofurans with exceedingly high selectivity. The underpinning design of this chem. reveals a novel and conceptually distinctive strategy to tackle challenging asym. gold catalysis, which to date has relied on decelerative asym. steric hindrance approaches. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of key odor-active compounds in pure chicken powder and the effect of yeast extract, using instrumental and sensory techniques was written by Shen, Dong-Yu;Li, Meng-Ke;Zhao, Mu;Li, Jie;Cui, Xinyue;Zou, Ting-Ting;Song, Huan-Lu;Xiong, Jian;Li, Ku. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2023.SDS of cas: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

Pure chicken powder (PCP) is a reliable source of mellow chicken soup flavor in seasoning, but it has some unstable compounds and is prone to lipid oxidation, which leads to unpleasant odor. Adding yeast extract (YE) can reduce the off-odor intensity of PCP. Based on the results of gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-O-MS) and combined aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA), 14 key odor-active compounds were identified. Internal standard curve method was used for quant. anal., and the odor activity value (OAV) was calculated Octanal, 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal were found to be the most vital odor-active compounds in PCP. The odor-active compounds of YE were studied by the same method, and di-Me trisulfide was identified as the most important odor-active compound of YE. Addnl., recombination and omission experiments were carried out with PCP. Finally, it was found that a low concentration of di-Me trisulfide had masking effect on the odor of PCP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7SDS of cas: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formylation and bromination ortho to the hydroxy-group of 2-carbonyl-substituted phenols in the presence of titanium(IV) chloride was written by Cresp, T. M.;Sargent, M. V.;Elix, J. A.;Murphy, D. P. H.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1973.Electric Literature of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Formylation with Cl2CHOMe-TiCl4 of Me 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, Me 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate, Et 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate, Me 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoate, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone gave the 3-formyl derivatives as the major products. Bromination in the presence of TiCl4 gave similar results. Formation of a six-membered ring Ti complex (e.g., I) induces selective substitution ortho to the OH group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8Electric Literature of C9H10O4).

Methyl 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate (cas: 28478-46-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Electric Literature of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Towards the design of new electron donors for Ziegler-Natta catalyzed propylene polymerization using QSPR modeling was written by Ratanasak, Manussada;Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada;Saengsawang, Oraphan;Hannongbua, Supot;Parasuk, Vudhichai. And the article was included in Polymer in 2015.Synthetic Route of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

Electron donors enhance the productivity and isotacticity of products of the Ziegler-Natta catalyzed propylene polymerization Using the fact that adsorption energies of electron donors to catalyst surface are linearly related to activities, the Quant. Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) for adsorption energies was performed for a set of 24 compounds from 3 different groups, i.e., phthalates, 1,3-diethers and malonates using the multiple linear regression (MLR) anal. The QSPR model shows high correlation (R² = 0.84, R²_CV = 0.83) between adsorption energies and 3 descriptors, i.e., the radius of gyration (50%), the dipole moment (16%), and the forcite bond energy (34%). Consequently, the catalyst activity of propylene polymerization mainly depended on steric hindrance. The predictive ability of the model was successfully validated with a set of five electron donors which randomly selected from three different groups. Predictive R² for the test set was 0.77, indicating good predictive ability of the model. The QSPR model provided the valuable information for the design of better electron donors for propylene polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Synthetic Route of C11H20O4).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics