Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Determination of six underivatized biogenic amines by LC-MS/MS and study of biogenic amine production during trout (Salmo trutta) storage in ice was written by Kosma, Ioanna;Badeka, Anastasia. And the article was included in Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A in 2021.Related Products of 868-57-5 This article mentions the following:

Biogenic amines (BAs) are natural components of food produced mainly during metabolism in animals and plants. The determination of BAs is important because of their potential toxicity and their potential use as food spoilage indicators. In the present study, a method for the determination of six BAs (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, β-phenylethylamine, tyramine, and tryptamine) by Liquid Chromatog. – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with Atm. Pressure Chem. Ionisation (APCI) source has been used on trout samples (Salmo trutta) stored in ice for 15 days. The results showed that on day 15 quite large amounts of putrescine (76.530 mg/kg), cadaverine (85.530 mg/kg), tryptamine (25.210 mg/kg), and histamine (15.975mg/kg) were detected, while the other BAs remained low (β-phenylethylamine: 3.230 mg/kg, tyramine: 0.165mg/kg). Furthermore, microbiol. data (Total Vial Count- TVC, pseudomonas spp, and Shewanella putrefaciens) showed that trout samples became organoleptically unacceptable on day 12, while volatile compound anal. showed a significant increase in total amounts of alcs., aldehydes, and ketones on days 12 and 15. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Related Products of 868-57-5).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 868-57-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lignin modified PBAT composites with enhanced strength based on interfacial dynamic bonds was written by Li, Wenfeng;Huang, Jinhao;Liu, Weifeng;Qiu, Xueqing;Lou, Hongming;Zheng, Lu. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) This article mentions the following:

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a type of synthetic biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester with comparable mech. properties to polyethylene, but the application of PBAT is limited by factors such as high cost, short shelf life, poor weather and water resistance. In order to develop PBAT composites with high performance and low cost, lignin-modified PBAT biocomposites with enhanced tensile strength were prepared via in-situ construction of interfacial dynamic bonds. Zinc stearate and epoxy soybean oil were introduced as the interfacial modifiers to construct dynamic bonds between lignin and PBAT, so as to improve the interfacial compatibility. The results demonstrated that the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interface modifiers reached the maximum tensile strength of 36.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 725.3% at the lignin content of 5 wt%, with the tensile strength achieved 5% improvement on the basis of pure PBAT (34.9 MPa and 717.6%). When the lignin content was increased to 10 wt%, the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interfacial modifiers still maintained the tensile strength of 35.4 MPa and the elongation at break of 627.8%, which was 82% and 31% higher than that of the directly compounded sample without interfacial modifiers, resp. Even when the content of lignin loading increased to 20 and 30 wt%, the mech. properties of the composites were still significantly improved by adding modifiers. The hydrophobicity of the composite was also improved after in-situ interfacial modification. The strategy demonstrated in this work provides an effective reference for the development of lignin/PBAT composites with high performance but low cost. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents analysis in ground part of Gentiana macrophylla pall by SFE-GC-MS was written by Wang, Yanping;Ma, Xiao. And the article was included in Zhongguo Xiandai Yingyong Yaoxue in 2011.Computed Properties of C12H22O4 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this paper is to identify compounds in supercritical fluids extraction of ground part of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. GC-MS was used to analyze the constituents and the sample was extracted by supercritical fluids. The AT-SE54 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) was used and inlet temperature was maintained at 260°. The column oven was begun at 80°, then programmed from 80° to 290° at 4° min^-1, and hold for 30 min. Helium at a constant flow rate of 1.2 mL/min^-1 was used as carrier gas. Ion source temperature was 230° and ionization energy was 70 eV. Results show that the total of 72 components were separated and 70 components were identified from flowers of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, accounting for 84.1% of total extractant. A total of 67 components were separated and 66 components were identified from stems and leaves of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, accounting for 93.1% of total extractant. It was concluded that the results will provide important foundation for understanding the constituents and further exploitation for ground part of Gentiana macrophylla Pall. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Computed Properties of C12H22O4).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C12H22O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Key Food Furanones Furaneol and Sotolone Specifically Activate Distinct Odorant Receptors was written by Haag, Franziska;Hoffmann, Sandra;Krautwurst, Dietmar. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Furanones formed during the Maillard reaction often are natural aroma-determining compounds found in numerous foods. Prominent economically relevant representatives are the structural homologues Furaneol and sotolone, which are important natural flavoring compounds because of their distinct caramel- and seasoning-like odor qualities. These, however, cannot be predicted by the odorants’ mol. shape, rather their receptors’ activation parameters help to decipher the encoding of odor quality. Here, the distinct odor qualities of Furaneol and sotolone suggested an activation of at least two out of our ca. 400 different odorant receptor types, which are the mol. biosensors of our chem. sense of olfaction. While an odorant receptor has been identified for sotolone, a receptor specific for Furaneol has been elusive. Using a bidirectional screening approach employing 616 receptor variants and 187 key food odorants in a HEK-293 cell-based luminescence assay, we newly identified OR5M3 as a receptor specifically activated by Furaneol and homofuraneol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthes1is of glycosyl sulfoximines by a highly chemo- and stereoselective NH- and O-transfer to thioglycosides was written by Tota, Arianna;Carlucci, Claudia;Pisano, Luisa;Cutolo, Giuliano;Clarkson, Guy J.;Romanazzi, Giuseppe;Degennaro, Leonardo;Bull, James A.;Rollin, Patrick;Luisi, Renzo. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C16H22O11 This article mentions the following:

A synthesis of unprecedented and stable glycosyl sulfoximines is reported. The developed strategies represent the first example of highly stereoselective sulfoximine formation directly from thioglycosides. This synthetic protocol has been tested on several β-thioglycosides bearing different aromatics and alkyls as S-substituents, and bearing glucose, mannose and galactose as glycosyl units. The process has been extended to a lactose derived thioglycoside and to a glucose derived sulfenamide. The process was chemo- and stereoselective, and X-ray anal. confirmed the structure and provided stereochem. information on the configuration at the sulfur atom. A model for the stereochem. outcome is proposed based on the steric environment of the sulfide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biomimetic nanoparticles deliver mRNAs encoding costimulatory receptors and enhance T cell mediated cancer immunotherapy was written by Li, Wenqing;Zhang, Xinfu;Zhang, Chengxiang;Yan, Jingyue;Hou, Xucheng;Du, Shi;Zeng, Chunxi;Zhao, Weiyu;Deng, Binbin;McComb, David W.;Zhang, Yuebao;Kang, Diana D.;Li, Junan;Carson, William E. III;Dong, Yizhou. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Antibodies targeting costimulatory receptors of T cells have been developed for the activation of T cell immunity in cancer immunotherapy. However, costimulatory mol. expression is often lacking in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which can impede antibody-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we hypothesize that delivery of costimulatory receptor mRNA to tumor-infiltrating T cells will enhance the antitumor effects of antibodies. We first design a library of biomimetic nanoparticles and find that phospholipid nanoparticles (PL1) effectively deliver costimulatory receptor mRNA (CD137 or OX40) to T cells. Then, we demonstrate that the combination of PL1-OX40 mRNA and anti-OX40 antibody exhibits significantly improved antitumor activity compared to anti-OX40 antibody alone in multiple tumor models. This treatment regimen results in a 60% complete response rate in the A20 tumor model, with these mice being resistant to rechallenge by A20 tumor cells. Addnl., the combination of PL1-OX40 mRNA and anti-OX40 antibody significantly boosts the antitumor immune response to anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the B16F10 tumor model. This study supports the concept of delivering mRNA encoding costimulatory receptors in combination with the corresponding agonistic antibody as a strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

RAFT Polymerization of Vinylthiophene Derivatives and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Having Cross-Linkable Segments was written by Mori, Hideharu;Takano, Ken;Endo, Takeshi. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

The polymerization of three vinylthiophene derivatives, 2-vinylthiophene (2VT), 3-vinylthiophene (3VT), and 2,5-dibromo-3-vinylthiophene (DB3VT), was carried out by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process using six different chain transfer agents (CTAs). The novel doubly polymerizable monomer, DB3VT, undergoes controlled radical polymerization via the RAFT process, followed by Suzuki coupling reaction. Two dithiobenzoate-type RAFT agents, phenylethyl dithiobenzoate (CTA 2) and cumyl dithiobenzoate (CTA 3), were the most efficient to obtain poly(DB3VT) with controlled mol. weights and low polydispersities (M_w/M_n = 1.05-1.15). Good control of the polymerization of DB3VT was confirmed by the linear increase in the mol. weight with the conversion and the ability to extend the chain by a second addition of the monomer. Chain extension from poly(Me methacrylate) to DB3VT could be well controlled under suitable conditions and provided block copolymers having cross-linkable poly(DB3VT) segments with as-designed chain structures and low polydispersities. The block copolymers were also synthesized by RAFT polymerization of DB3VT using poly(Me acrylate) as a macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA). Modifications of the 2,5-dibromide group of poly(DB3VT) by Suzuki coupling reaction using difunctional boronic acid afforded a network material, whereas a soluble composite having an extended π-structure was obtained by the coupling reaction of the block copolymer, poly(Me methacrylate)-b-poly(DB3VT). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids Sold Worldwide: Flavor Chemical Composition, Toxicity, and Hazard Analysis was written by Omaiye, Esther E.;Luo, Wentai;McWhirter, Kevin J.;Pankow, James F.;Talbot, Prue. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2020.Reference of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

Flavor chems. in electronic cigarette (EC) fluids, which may neg. impact human health, have been studied in a limited number of countries/locations. To gain an understanding of how the composition and concentrations of flavor chems. in ECs are influenced by product sale location, we evaluated refill fluids manufactured by one company (Ritchy LTD) and purchased worldwide. Flavor chems. were identified and quantified using gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We then screened the fluids for their effects on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and proliferation (live-cell imaging) and tested authentic standards of specific flavor chems. to identify those that were cytotoxic at concentrations found in refill fluids. A total of 126 flavor chems. were detected in 103 bottles of refill fluid, and their number per/bottle ranged from 1-50 based on our target list. Two products had none of the flavor chems. on our target list, nor did they have any nontargeted flavor chems. A total of 28 flavor chems. were present at concentrations ≥1 mg/mL in at least one product, and 6 of these were present at concentrations ≥10 mg/mL. The total flavor chem. concentration was ≥1 mg/mL in 70% of the refill fluids and ≥10 mg/mL in 26%. For sub-brand duplicate bottles purchased in different countries, flavor chem. concentrations were similar and induced similar responses in the in vitro assays (cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition). The levels of furaneol, benzyl alc., ethyl maltol, Et vanillin, corylone, and vanillin were significantly correlated with cytotoxicity. The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. Flavor chem. concentrations in refill fluids often exceeded concentrations permitted in other consumer products. These data support the regulation of flavor chems. in EC products to reduce their potential for producing both cancer and noncancer toxicol. effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Reference of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Multifunctional poly(amine-ester)-type hyperbranched polymers: lipase-catalyzed green synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, drug loading and anticancer activity was written by Xu, Fangli;Zhong, Jiaren;Qian, Xueqi;Li, Yanyan;Lin, Xianfu;Wu, Qi. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2013.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have attracted more and more attention because of their specially branched architecture and interesting properties. A series of novel poly(amine-ester)-type HBPs were synthesized through CALB-catalyzed polycondensation between triethanolamine (TEOA) and diesters after the optimization of reaction conditions. The precise structure including degree of branching, components percentage, and the controllable terminal structures at the outer surface were determined by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 2D NMR and GPC. The interesting multifunctionality displayed by the poly(amine-ester)-type HBPs was investigated. These HBPs could be degraded efficiently under the catalysis of lipase in weak acid buffer. The amphiphilic HBPs with hydroxyl terminals were able to form multimol. micelles with 250-400 nm diameter, and 0.042 g L^-1 CMC. They were nontoxic to COS-7 cells, while they could effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells HepG2 with IC₅₀ of 130 μg mL^-1 after an anticancer drug was encapsulated within the micelles. All these results indicated the prepared poly(amine-ester)-type HBPs can serve as multifunctional biomaterials for biomedical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The de novo design and synthesis of cyclic urea inhibitors of factor Xa: optimization of the S4 ligand was written by Galemmo, Robert A. Jr.;Wells, Brian L.;Rossi, Karen A.;Alexander, Richard S.;Dominguez, Celia;Maduskuie, Thomas P.;Stouten, Pieter F. W.;Wright, Matthew R.;Aungst, Bruce J.;Wong, Pancras C.;Knabb, Robert M.;Wexler, Ruth R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2000.Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O This article mentions the following:

In this report refinements to the S4 ligand group leads to I, an inhibitor of fXa with good potency in vitro and an improved pharmacokinetic profile in rabbit. The x-ray crystallog. study of a representative analog confirms our binding model for this series. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Synthetic Route of C8H4N2O

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics