Category: 617-52-7

Zhang, Di published the artcileA likely protective effect of dimethyl itaconate on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, Name: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is International Immunopharmacology (2019), 105924, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

As a membrane-permeable derivative of itaconate, di-Me itaconate (DMI) was recently showed to limit inflammatory response of activated macrophages, and to decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species and reduce cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of DMI in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we treated the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice with DMI or saline at the beginning of occlusion, and allowed them to recover for 3 days. We found that DMI obviously decreased the neurol. deficit score. Further, DMI significantly inhibited the toxic conversion of the peri-infarct microglia, and decreased the protein level of interleukin 1β. The present findings suggest that DMI might be recognized as a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C5H10O, Name: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Chongzhe published the artcileTherapeutic potential of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite itaconate in cardiovascular diseases, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7, the publication is EBioMedicine (2020), 102938, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) produces metabolites in the mitochondria under various pathophysiol. conditions. LPS and interferons induce IRG1 expression and itaconate production from the TAC cycle. Itaconate and its derivatives DI and OI contribute to (1) succinate dehydrogenase inhibition and succinate accumulation; (2) KEAP1 cysteine alkylation, Nrf2 expression and nucleus translocation, and pro- and anti-inflammatory mol. expression regulation; (3) ATF3 expression; and (4) M2 macrophage polarization. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 reduced AAA growth and lesion inflammation, but shRNA-mediated Nrf2 knockdown revealed the opposite phenotypes. Instead of using the Irg1 mice to test a role for itaconate in AAA, this study used AAV-mediated KEAP1 overexpression to increase AAA growth and lesion inflammation. OI treatment reversed these KEAP1 adverse activities, likely via KEAP1 alkylation and disassocn. from Nrf2, although this study did not explore the details. This is the first study of TCA cycle metabolites in AAA that extends the concept of using OI or DI as a therapeutic regimen to slow murine and human AAA growth and associated lesion and systemic inflammation. The demonstrated beneficial effects of OI and DI in sepsis, hepatic, cerebral, and cardiac IR injuries support this potential.

EBioMedicine published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C6H4ClNO2, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Riadi, Yassine published the artcileSynergistic Catalytic Effect of the Combination of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Hierarchical H-TiO₂ Nanoparticles toward the Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Pyrrolidin-2-One Heterocycles: Boosting Reaction Yield, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, database is CAplus.

Synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds comprising pyrrolidinone linked to a benzimidazole moiety I (X = 2-Me, 3-F-4-Cl, 4-OH, etc.) by an eco-friendly and efficient route was investigated. The targeted scaffolds were synthesized from substituted arylamines XC₆H₄NH₂ and available o-phenylenediamine under ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of a mixture of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and hierarchical TiO₂ (H-TiO₂) microspheres as a green catalytic system. Two DESs were synthesized by sep. mixing FeCl₂ and CuCl₂ with urea. On the other hand, hierarchical TiO₂ (H-TiO₂) was synthesized by a solvothermal route and characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The results demonstrate that the best reaction yields are obtained by using H-TiO₂ microspheres in the DES. Besides, the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against different bacteria. Overall, eight derivatives were confirmed to exhibit antibacterial activity.

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Shiyu published the artcileTuning Molecular Composition for Better Cross-section Homogeneity of Thermal Oxidative Stabilized Polyacrylonitrile for Carbon Materials, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Fibers and Polymers (2022), 23(6), 1515-1524, database is CAplus.

A strategy to improve the cross-section homogeneity of thermal oxidative stabilized polyacrylonitrile for carbon materials was provided in the present work. A kind of comonomer, di-Me itaconate (DMI), which possesses two bulky side groups was introduced into poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid). The efficiency of DMI in improving the cross-section homogeneity of polyacrylonitrile films during thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS) processes and the properties of resulted PAN-based carbon materials were investigated in detail. It was found that DMI facilitated the formation of longer cyclic structures, higher oxygen content, more homogeneous cross-section fracture morphol. and denser structure during TOS process. DMI was also benefit for easing heat release. The presence of DMI also facilitated a smaller I_D/I_G value of the carbonized PAN film and a bigger in-plane size of graphite crystals L_a.

Fibers and Polymers published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chiloeches, A. published the artcileBiobased polymers derived from itaconic acid bearing clickable groups with potent antibacterial activity and negligible hemolytic activity, Quality Control of 617-52-7, the publication is Polymer Chemistry (2021), 12(21), 3190-3200, database is CAplus.

Herein, the authors report, for the first time, the synthesis of clickable polymers derived from biobased itaconic acid, which was used for the preparation of novel cationic polymers with antibacterial properties and low hemotoxicity via click chem. Itaconic acid (IA) was subjected to chem. modification by incorporating clickable alkyne groups on the carboxylic acids. The resulting monomer with pendant alkyne groups was easily polymerized and copolymerized with di-Me itaconate (DMI) by radical polymerization The feed molar ratio of comonomers was varied to precisely tune the content of alkyne groups in the copolymers and the amphiphilic balance. Subsequently, an azide with a thiazole group, which is a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1), was attached onto the polymers by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chem. leading to triazole linkages. N-Alkylation reactions of the thiazole and triazole groups with Me and Bu iodides provide the corresponding itaconate derivatives with pendant azolium groups. The copolymers with variable cationic charge densities and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balances, depending on the comonomer feed ratio, display potent antibacterial activity against gram-pos. bacteria, whereas the activity was almost null against gram-neg. bacteria. Hemotoxicity assays demonstrated that the copolymers exhibited negligible hemolysis and excellent selectivity, more than 1000-fold, for gram-pos. bacteria over human red blood cells.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Quality Control of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Guoping published the artcileNon-fullerene acceptors with direct and indirect hexa-fluorination afford >17% efficiency in polymer solar cells, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Energy & Environmental Science (2022), 15(2), 645-659, database is CAplus.

The rational mol. design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) can profoundly influence the photovoltaic (OPV) performance. To date, NFA fluorination has proven beneficial to cell performance. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how various fluorination modalities influence film morphol., carrier mobility, mol. packing, other structural properties, electronic structure, exciton separation, and charge transport, that determine ultimate cell efficiency. Here, we compare two types of end group (EG) fluorination patterns on Y6-based A-DAD-A cores, resulting in highly efficient NFAs: direct skeletal fluorination (BTF) and indirect trifluoromethyl fluorination (BTFM). These two patterns induce distinctive behaviors in the active layer blends with a chlorinated donor polymer D18-Cl and the additive, 1-chloronaphthalene, affording high PCE values of 17.30% (BTF + additive) and 17.10% (BTFM, no-additive). The BTFvs. BTFM OSC performance trends can be correlated with diffraction-derived differences in mol. packing. D. functional theory (DFT) reveals remarkably low internal reorganization energies and high electronic coupling between NFA dimers, greater and more numerous than in other NFAs reported to date, thus providing extended 3D charge transport networks in the thin film crystalline domains. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that hole transfer from the acceptor to the donor occurs in <300 fs and that photoexcited carriers persist for hundreds of ns in each blend film. The contrasting role of the additive in BTF and BTFM cells is further clarified by recombination dynamics anal. using in situ photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy. Overall, this work provides guidance for developing new NFAs via direct and indirect fluorination strategies for high efficiency OSCs.

Energy & Environmental Science published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Day, Daniel M. published the artcileAn experimental investigation into the kinetics and mechanism of the aza-Michael additions of dimethyl itaconate, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Tetrahedron (2022), 132921, database is CAplus.

The aza-Michael addition is a versatile reaction for the modification of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with amines. The reactivity of di-Me itaconate as a bio-based Michael acceptor is explored in this work. Through its reactions with piperidine and dibutylamine, it was found that the order of reaction can be changed by the choice of catalyst, solvent, or the concentration of the amine reactant. The effectiveness of catalysts was proportional to their Lewis acidity. Competitive isomerisation of di-Me itaconate into unreactive regioisomers can be suppressed using low-polarity solvents and lower temperatures This investigation of the aza-Michael additions of di-Me itaconate has clarified the possible reaction mechanisms and optimized the protocol, supporting further use of this reaction in small mol. synthesis and modification of polymers.

Tetrahedron published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Parker, Seth J. published the artcileSpontaneous hydrolysis and spurious metabolic properties of α-ketoglutarate esters, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate, the publication is Nature Communications (2021), 12(1), 4905, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

α-ketoglutarate (KG), also referred to as 2-oxoglutarate, is a key intermediate of cellular metabolism with pleiotropic functions. Cell-permeable esterified analogs are widely used to study how KG fuels bioenergetic and amino acid metabolism and DNA, RNA, and protein hydroxylation reactions, as cellular membranes are thought to be impermeable to KG. Here we show that esterified KG analogs rapidly hydrolyze in aqueous media, yielding KG that, in contrast to prevailing assumptions, imports into many cell lines. Esterified KG analogs exhibit spurious KG-independent effects on cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification, arising from rapid hydrolysis and de-protonation of α-ketoesters, and significant analog-specific inhibitory effects on glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration. We observe that imported KG decarboxylates to succinate in the cytosol and contributes minimally to mitochondrial metabolism in many cell lines cultured in normal conditions. These findings demonstrate that nuclear and cytosolic KG-dependent reactions may derive KG from functionally distinct subcellular pools and sources.

Nature Communications published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl itaconate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Studzian, Maciej published the artcileSynthesis, Internalization and Visualization of N-(4-Carbomethoxy) Pyrrolidone Terminated PAMAM [G5:G3-TREN] Tecto(dendrimers) in Mammalian Cells, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Molecules (2020), 25(19), 4406, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tecto(dendrimers) are well-defined, dendrimer cluster type covalent structures. In this article, we present the synthesis of such a PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer). This tecto(dendrimer) exhibits nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL; excitation 376 nm; emission 455 nm) that has been attributed to three fluorescent components characterized by different fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, it has been shown that this PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) is able to form a polyplex with double stranded DNA, and is nontoxic for HeLa and HMEC-1 cells up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL, even though it accumulates in endosomal compartments as demonstrated by its unique NTIL emission properties. Many of the above features would portend the proposed use of this tecto(dendrimer) as an efficient transfection agent. Quite surprisingly, transfection activity could not be demonstrated in HeLa cells, and the possible reasons are discussed in the article.

Molecules published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C15H20O6, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Savoji, Houman published the artcile3D Printing of Vascular Tubes Using Bioelastomer Prepolymers by Freeform Reversible Embedding, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7, the publication is ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (2020), 6(3), 1333-1343, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Bioelastomers have been extensively used in tissue engineering applications because of favorable mech. stability, tunable properties, and chem. versatility. As these materials generally possess low elastic modulus and relatively long gelation time, it is challenging to 3D print them using traditional techniques. Instead, the field of 3D printing has focused preferentially on hydrogels and rigid polyester materials. To develop a versatile approach for 3D printing of elastomers, we used freeform reversible embedding of suspended prepolymers. A family of novel fast photocrosslinakble bioelastomer prepolymers were synthesized from di-Me itaconate, 1,8-octanediol, and tri-Et citrate. Tensile testing confirmed their elastic properties with Young’s moduli in the range of 11-53 kPa. These materials supported cultivation of viable cells and enabled adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tubular structures were created by embedding the 3D printed microtubes within a secondary hydrogel that served as a temporary support. Upon photocrosslinking and porogen leaching, the polymers were permeable to small mols. (TRITC-dextran). The polymer microtubes were assembled on the 96-well plates custom made by hot-embossing, as a tool to connect multiple organs-on-a-chip. The endothelialization of the tubes was performed to confirm that these microtubes can be utilized as vascular tubes to support parenchymal tissues seeded on them.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics