Category: 539-88-8

Peng, Lincai published the artcileMechanistic insights into the effect of the feed concentration on product formation during acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose in ethanol, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is acid catalyzed conversion glucose mechanistic study.

Catalytic upgradation of carbohydrates in concentrated feeds well conforms to the demands for the industrial deployment of bio-based fuels and chems., but the majority of existing explorations merely focused on the utilization of dilute feedstock. In this contribution, the degradation behavior of both dilute (20 g L-1) and concentrated glucose (200 g L-1) in an ethanol medium was comparatively investigated by acid catalysis. The increase of the glucose concentration from 20 to 200 g L-1 largely boosted the formation of water-soluble oligomers (WSO) instead of solid humins (SHU). The high initial glucose concentration favored the formation of glucose oligomers, and the high instantaneous concentration of EL and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) also exacerbated the polymerization reactions, both of which are responsible for the formation of excessive WSO in a concentrated feed. Structural characterization revealed that substituted furans, 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal (DHH) and its analog are the main fragments in WSO20, while WSO200 largely consisted of glucosyl units as well as furanic and aromatic fragments linked with aliphatic units, leading to the distinct structure of SHU from the two feed concentrations This work provides insights into the effect of the feed concentration on product formation during acid-catalyzed ethanolysis of glucose, facilitating the development of optimal processes for valorizing concentrated sugars.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jia, Boyu published the artcileSelective production of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid by lipase-immobilized mesoporous silica nanoflowers composite, Quality Control of 539-88-8, the main research area is ethyl levulinate levulinic acid lipase mesoporous silica nanoflower composite.

Mesoporous silica nanoflowers bearing -NH2 groups were synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetra-Et orthosilicate (TEOS) with reverse microemulsion method, following with the grafting of -NH2 groups by the post modification with (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The lipase from C. antarctica was immobilized on the as-synthesized amino-grafted mesoporous silica nanoflowers to fabricate the lipase-immobilized mesoporous silica nanoflowers composite, which was applied for the catalytic transformation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to biofuel Et levulinate (EL), and exhibited excellent catalytic activity. An Et levulinate yield as high as 99.5% could be achieved at 40°C in 8 h reaction time, which was much higher than that catalyzed by the free lipase (67.9%) under the identical conditions. The immobilized lipase showed good stability and recyclability that Et levulinate yields above 68% could be remained after seven recycle times. This work represents a novel strategy to construct the immobilized biocatalyst for the production of bio-based chems.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Quality Control of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Haixin published the artcileHydrogen gas-free processes for single-step preparation of transition-metal bifunctional catalysts and one-pot γ-valerolactone synthesis in supercritical CO2-ionic liquid systems, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is carbon transition metal bifunctional catalyst valerolactone one pot synthesis.

Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose (180 °C, 4 h) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid and nickel or copper sulfate afforded transition-metal (Ni/NiO, Cu/CuO) functional carbon (FC) catalysts in a single-step without hydrogen gas. Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-ionic liquid ([BMIM]Cl) systems with formic acid as H-donor source and Ni/NiO-FC catalysts gave 97% GVL yields (170 °C, 3 h). The Ni/NiO-FC catalysts (d = 50 to 200 nm) had well-dispersed Ni/NiO particles (<5 nm) with -SO3H, COOH and phenolic -OH functional groups; Ni/NiO-FC catalysts were more effective than Cu/CuO-FC catalysts. Ni/NiO-FC catalysts were active for conversion of substrates (Et levulinate, fructose, cellobiose or cellulose) to resp. products (GVL, 5-HMF, sugars). The role of scCO2 in the reaction system is one of improving mass transport and suppressing side-reactions via GVL product removal. Proposed methods for catalyst synthesis and substrate hydrogenation do not require hydrogen gas and are widely applicable to processing biomass. Journal of Supercritical Fluids published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileEthyl levulinate synthesis from biomass derivative chemicals using iron doped sulfonated carbon cryogel catalyst, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biomass iron sulfonated carbon cryogel catalyst ethyl levulinate.

Biomass-derived intermediate chems., such as furfuryl alc. (FA) and levulinic acid (LA) are feeds for ethanolysis reaction to produce Et levulinate (EL). EL is a promising chem. that can be used as a biofuel additive and precursor for chem. synthesis, such as γ-valerolactone. The present study conducted the ethanolysis of FA and LA using modified carbon cryogel as heterogeneous catalysts for improving the EL yield. The carbon cryogel (UCC) precursor was produced from urea and furfural, and modified via sulfonation. Iron (Fe) doping was then conducted to improve the surface chem. of the catalyst. The catalytic activity of sulfonated carbon cryogel (UCC-S) was evaluated for LA ethanolysis, and the UCC-S-Fe prepared from the incorporation of Fe on UCC-S was utilized to catalyze FA ethanolysis. The effects of reaction parameters (i.e., time, molar ratio of ethanol to feed, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature) were significant on the catalytic performance. High EL yield of 95.8 mol% and 95.4 mol% were obtained from the ethanolysis of LA and FA, resp. The performance of ethanolysis of carbohydrates and various biomass samples was evaluated to determine the EL yield using UCC-S-Fe. Both UCC-S and UCC-S-Fe were characterised using FTIR, XRD, TGA, NH3-TPD, BET, and SEM-EDX. The modification of UCC via sulfonation and Fe-doping improved the catalyst properties, and UCC-S-Fe demonstrated the potential to enhance biomass conversion to EL.

Journal of Cleaner Production published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Shenghui published the artcileZirconium-lignosulfonate polyphenolic polymer for highly efficient hydrogen transfer of biomass-derived oxygenates under mild conditions, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is zirconium lignosulfonate polyphenolic polymer hydrogen transfer biomass oxygenate mild.

Both value-added utilization of low-rank renewable feedstocks to prepare catalytic materials and selective transformation of bioderived aldehydes are very attractive topics. Herein, lignosulfonate, a waste byproduct from the paper industry, was simply assembled with ZrCl4 under non-toxic hydrothermal conditions for scalable preparation of Zr-containing polyphenolic biopolymer catalysts (Zr-LS). Systematic characterizations indicated that the strong coordination between Zr4+ and phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignosulfonate led to the formation of strong Lewis acid-base couple sites (Zr4+-O2-) and porous inorganic-organic framework structure (mesopores centered at 6.1 nm), while the inherent sulfonic groups in lignosulfonate could serve as Bronsted acidic sites. The cooperative role of these versatile acid-base sites in Zr-LS afforded excellent catalytic performance for Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction of a broad range of bioderived platform chems. under mild conditions (80 °C), especially of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alc. (FA), in quant. yields (96%) with high FA formation rate of 9600 μmol g-1 h-1 and TOF of 4.37 h-1. Kinetic studies revealed that the activation energy of the MPV reduction of FF was as low as 52.25 kJ/mol, accounting for the high reaction rate. Isotopic labeling experiments demonstrated direct hydrogen transfer from the α-C of 2-PrOH to the α-C of FF on acid-base sites was the rate-determining step. Moreover, Zr-LS showed good recyclability for at least seven reaction cycles.

Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mohan, Akhil published the artcileLiquid fuel from waste tires: novel refining, advanced characterization and utilization in engines with ethyl levulinate as an additive, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is ethyl levulinate additive liquid fuel waste tire engine.

Pyrolysis is a promising thermochem. strategy to convert scrap tires into diesel-like fuels. Crude tire pyrolysis oil (CTPO) was produced in a 10 ton rotating autoclave reactor by thermal depolymerization of the tire polymers. In this work, the prior-reported straightforward and inexpensive strategy of upgrading CTPO using a combination of silica gel (as adsorbent) and petroleum ether (as the solvent) has been scaled up with minimal loss in mass of oil and improved physicochem. characteristics (e.g., lowered acid value, low sulfur content). The upgraded TPO (StTPO) was characterized extensively to better understand their chem. compositions, physicochem. properties, and combustion characteristics. StTPO was mixed with diesel in different volumetric proportions and the blends were studied for performance and emission characteristics in a single-cylinder engine. The use of biomass-derived Et levulinate (EL) as a fuel oxygenate improved the cold-flow properties of StTPO-diesel blends as well as lowered the exhaust emissions (e.g., lower NOx). A fuel blend consisting of 50% diesel, 40% StTPO, and 10% EL demonstrated the best fuel properties in the single-cylinder diesel engine.

RSC Advances published new progress about Adsorbents. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Deyang published the artcileInsights into bimetallic synergistic effect towards γ-valerolactone production under Co doped Zr-TiO2, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is titanium oxide valerolactone production structural optical property.

Co doped into 5% Zr-TiO2 (Co@5% Zr/-TiO2) was prepared by a simple, facile sol-gel method, and employing in the catalytic transfer hydrogen (CTH) process starting from Et levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Lewis/Bronsted acid ratio and BET surface area increased with the incorporation of Co into Ti-Zr-O support. In addition, the synergistic effect between Co-Zr in TiO2 enhanced the strong acid strength sites. Co@5% Zr-TiO2 exhibited the highest catalytic performance (EL conversion 95%, GVL yield 88%) under optimum condition (0.2 M EL, 15 mL 2-PrOH, 190°C, 11 h). Noticeably, Co@5% Zr-TiO2 exhibited higher stability in 4th recycling experiments as compared to 5% Zr-TiO2 under identical condition. From computational calculation, EL adsorption process was more spontaneous with ΔEad= -8.240 eV. The protonation process made the reactants get close to the surface with a bonded O12-Ti2.179 Å and O6-Zr of 2.376 Å. Finally, GVL showed a strong leaving trend after the formation.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileBio-fuel additive synthesized from levulinic acid using ionic liquid-furfural based carbon catalyst: Kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism studies, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is biofuel levulinic acid ionic liquid carbon catalyst thermodn kinetics.

The Et levulinate is one of promising platform chem. from biomass and commonly involved the esterification reaction of levulinic acid. The reactions are extensively focussed on the catalytic performance by various catalysts and presented limited work on the kinetic, thermodn. and mechanism study for heterogeneous catalyst reaction. To fill this gap, the reaction anal. over a new ionic liquid-furfural carbon catalyst has been investigated in this work. The math. equations were derived to determine the kinetic-thermodn. parameters, and proposed suitable mechanism for the reaction. Pseudo-first order model presents high correlation coefficient and accuracy with the reaction rate constant of 0.0037-0.0127 min-1 and Ea = 17.3 kJ/mol. The reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous with ordered system at transition state. The proposed combined nucleophilic substitution and Eley-Rideal mechanism is comprised of SN2 steps and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The results provide insights on the reaction for future designing and scaling-up the esterification process.

Chemical Engineering Science published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Munoz-Olasagasti, M. published the artcileThe relevance of Lewis acid sites on the gas phase reaction of levulinic acid into ethyl valerate using CoSBA-xAl bifunctional catalysts, SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid ethyl valerate bifunctional catalyst gas phase reaction.

A series of Co supported on Al-modified SBA-15 catalysts has been studied in the gas phase direct transformation of levulinic acid (LA) into Et valerate (EV) using a continuous fixed-bed reactor and ethanol as solvent. It was observed that once the intermediate product gamma-valerolactone (GVL) has been formed, the presence of aluminum is required for the selective transformation to EV. Three Lewis acid sites (LAS) are identified (from highest to lowest acid strength): aluminum ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination and Co+ sites. The intrinsic activity of these LAS for the key reaction, the GVL ring opening, decreases with the strength of these acid sites, but so does the undesirable formation of coke, also catalyzed by these centers. The best catalyst was that with the highest Al content, CoSBA-2.5Al, that reached an EV yield of up to 70%. This result is associated with the presence of LAS attributed to the presence of Co+ surface species that, although having low intrinsic activity in the selective GVL ring-opening reaction, are highly concentrated in this sample and also possess less activity in the undesirable and deactivating formation of coke. These Co2+ LAS have been stabilized by incorporation of aluminum into the support, modifying the reducibility and dispersion of cobalt species. Addnl., the lower proportion of metallic Co species decreases the hydrogenating capacity of this catalyst. This decrease is a pos. result because it prevents GVL hydrogenation to undesired products. This catalyst also showed promising stability in a 140 h onstream run.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Shiliang published the artcileThe regulated emissions and PAH emissions of bio-based long-chain ethers in a diesel engine, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission ether diesel engine.

Catalytic etherification is a new and developing method for the upgradation of pyrolysis bio-oil into high performance bio-based long-chain ethers. In this work, the application of bio-based long-chain ether oxygenated additives in diesel engines have been checked by focusing on their regulated emissions and PAH emissions. Four bio-based long-chain ethers with similar structures, including: Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether, diglyme, dipropylene glycol di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether have been blended with diesel fuel and tested in a small-duty diesel engine. The results showed that long-chain ethers were beneficial to the reduction of regulated emissions by comparing to pure diesel. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether showed best performance among the four tested ethers. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether could reduce 56% CO, 23% NO and 93% soot emissions, while Tripropylene glycol Me ether could reduce 52% CO, 28% NO and 88% soot emissions. Besides, the particle sizes of soot particles from the blended fuels were also reduced. What’s more, the addition of bio-based long-chain ethers could reduce particulate PAHs emissions by 39% ∼ 67% and reduce gaseous PAHs emissions by 25% ∼ 44%, and the PAHs toxicity was also reduced by 32% ∼ 55%. This work proved that the structure of oxygen atoms evenly distributed in the chain could efficiently suppress the production of soot precursors and eventually reduce the soot emission.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics