Category: 539-88-8

Kim, Juyeon published the artcileProcess integration and economics of gamma-valerolactone using a cellulose-derived ethyl levulinate intermediate and ethanol solvent, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is ethyl levulinate gamma valerolactone preparation.

This study combines two catalytic conversion strategies, cellulose to Et levulinate and subsequently to gamma-valerolactone, into an integrated process. The effect of integrating the cellulose-to-Et levulinate and Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone processes on a com. scale is investigated to improve energy efficiency and economics by performing a process simulation study. The conversion strategies show a low energy efficiency of 6.8% using excess ethanol solvent to achieve high yields of Et levulinate and gamma-valerolactone; however, in the integrated process, 0.4% of the ethanol and 30.8% of the cellulose-to-Et levulinate heat requirements are supplied by the Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone process. The min. selling price for the integrated process is estimated to be $5.63/kg gamma-valerolactone, which makes it an economically feasible option for gamma-valerolactone production Finally, we conducted a sensitivity anal. of key parameters (cellulose price, steam price, and ethanol price) highly depending on the min. selling price of gamma-valerolactone.

Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Heat exchangers. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah published the artcileStudy of Density, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures Containing Alkyl Levulinate and n-Alcohol from 298.15 to 323.15 K, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is surface tension refractive index binary mixture alkyl levulinate alc.

Alkyl levulinate, prepared from the esterification of levulinic acid and n-alc., has the potential to be used as a fuel additive. Alc. has also been used as an additive in fuel to improve ignition and combustion characteristics to a certain extent. For this reason, the properties of mixtures containing these compounds are of particular interest. Herein, measurements of d. (ρ), surface tension (γ), and refractive index (n) were conducted for three binary mixtures of Me levulinate-methanol (ML-M), Et levulinate-ethanol (EL-E), and Bu levulinate-butanol (BL-B). These properties were measured over the entire range of compositions in 0.1 increments of the molar fraction of the components in the temperature range of T = 298.15-323.15 K and at an atm. pressure of p = 0.1 MPa. The exptl. data were used to calculate the excess and deviation properties, i.e., excess molar volumes (VmΕ), surface tension deviations (Δγ), and molar refraction deviations (ΔR). The VmΕ, Δγ, and ΔR values were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The VmΕ and ΔR values were neg. for all compositions, whereas Δγ exhibited both neg. and pos. values at different compositions The mol. interactions of the binary mixtures are discussed from these excess and deviation functions. Furthermore, the Jouyban-Acree model was used for the correlation of properties: d., surface tension, and refractive index of the studied mixtures at different temperatures (T = 298.15-323.15 K). The results are expected to provide fundamental data for understanding the properties of alkyl levulinate as a potential bio-based fuel additive.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Binary mixtures. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Honghai published the artcilePreparation and Application of Magnetic Nano-Solid Acid Catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is iron oxide polydopamine sulfonic acid magnetic nanosolid catalyst.

A magnetic nano-solid acid catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was synthesized through an efficient method, as an eco-friendly and more efficient catalyst. The obtained catalyst has uniform core-shell structure, appropriate particle size, and high acid d. Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was applied to catalyze the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with alcs. of different chain length to produce the levulinate esters. The catalytic effect was optimized from the aspects of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and acid-alc. molar ratio. Furthermore, the response surface optimization method was used to obtain the optimal conditions. Verified under these conditions, the exptl. results showed that the conversion rate of LA can reach 95.87%, which was much higher than common cationic exchange resin Amberlyst 36 and Amberlyst 46. Furthermore, the recovery and reuse of the Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was demonstrated six times without obvious loss in the activity.

Energies (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Cation exchange. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

El-Hefnawy, Mohamed E. published the artcileEndogenous bioethanol production by solid-state prefermentation for enhanced crude bio-oil recovery through integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of seaweeds, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is biomass endogenous bioethanol fermentation oil recovery hydrothermal liquefaction seaweed.

The present study evaluated the action of endogenous bioethanol produced during solid-state fermentation of Ulva spp. on subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). HTL of raw biomass (RB) was compared with HTL of the fermented biomass after bioethanol separation (F-Aqua) and HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing the bioethanol (F-Eth). Optimization of fermentation conditions increased the ethanol yield efficiency (Yeff) and specific ethanol yield (SEY) from 23.55% and 0.120 g g-1 sugar consumed to 43.97% and 0.224 g g-1 sugar consumed, resp. TGA and FTIR anal. confirmed noticeable changes in the thermal profile and functional groups of the fermented residue with increased volatiles and lower ash content. Among different HTL treatments, F-Eth showed the highest bio-oil yield of 24.96% at 250°C, which was 37.7% and 39.0% higher than that of RB and F-Aqua, resp. In addition, hydrocarbons and esters in the bio-oil represented the dominant compounds in F-Aqua and F-Eth, altogether 28.28% and 68.58%, resp., compared to 17.96% in RB. Economic anal. for a proposed 100 ton year-1 plant confirmed that HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing endogenous bioethanol enhanced the gross energy output to 8.152 GJ ton-1, which represented 4.2-time, 51.1%, and 23.3% higher than individual bioethanol production, individual bio-oil production, and sequential bioethanol/bio-oil recovery, with the highest net annual profit of 29553 US$ compared to 23391 US$ for the sequential production

Journal of Cleaner Production published new progress about Acid hydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mesbah, Noha M. published the artcileCovalent immobilization of a halophilic, alkalithermostable lipase LipR2 on Florisil nanoparticles for production of alkyl levulinates, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is immobilization lipase LipR2 Florisil Alkalispirillum; Alkalithermophile; Alkyl levulinate; Florisil; Halophile; Immobilized lipase; Wadi an Natrun.

A novel halophilic, alkalithermostable lipase LipR2 from Alkalispirillum sp. NM-ROO2 was cloned and expressed. LipR2 was covalently immobilized on Florisil functionalized with glutaraldehyde. Protein binding efficiency of functionalized Florisil was 94.7%. Immobilized LipR2 retained 97.5% of specific activity of the free enzyme. Free LipR2 has maximal activity at 52°C, pH 9.3 and 1.9 M NaCl and is resistant to surfactants and organic solvents. Immobilization enhanced LipR2’s extreme characteristics, and increased thermostability of LipR2 with the half-life at 50°C increasing three-fold. Immobilized LipR2 was used as a biocatalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol. Under optimal conditions, a 45.9% ester yield was obtained after 12 h. Immobilized LipR2 catalyzed production of Et levulinate and 1-dodecyl levulinate with 48.8% and 26.2% ester yields, resp. When used in repetitive batch esterification, LipR2 retained 69%, 57% and 18.5% of initial activity on esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol, n-butanol and 1-dodecanol, resp.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics published new progress about Alkalispirillum. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileCopper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites for the selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is valerolactone pentanediol preparation ethyl levulinate copper catalytic hydrogenolysis.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are value-added chems. that can be produced from levulinic acid/ester via hydrogenation coupled with acid/base-catalyzed reactions. In this study, we demonstrate that the Cu-based catalysts produced via the hydrotalcite precursors with tunable distribution of acidic and basic sites could, according to the requirement of the target products, effectively tune the production of GVL or to 1,4-PDO from levulinic acid/ester. The abundant Bronsted acid sites over the CuAl catalyst suppressed the opening of the ring of GVL, achieving a higher GVL selectivity while inhibiting 1,4-PDO formation. The introduction of Mg species to the catalyst significantly increased the abundance of the basic sites on the surface of the catalyst, which was essential for the selective conversion of GVL to 1,4-PDO via the opening of the ring structure of GVL, the rate-determining step in the conversion from levulinic acid/ester to 1,4-PDO. In addition, the CuMgAl catalyst showed a much superior catalytic stability to the CuMg or CuAl catalyst due to the more stable crystal structure, the more developed porous structure, the higher dispersion of the Cu species and the higher capability to suppress the growth of metallic Cu species under hydrothermal conditions.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Basicity, Lewis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Qingrui published the artcileEffects of different ligand modifications on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of Lewis acid catalysts: Quantum chemical studies on the case of ZrCl2-Sal(ph)en, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is electronic ligand modification catalytic transfer hydrogenation Lewis acid catalyst.

The systematic description of the steric and electronic ligand effects on the reactivity of the catalysts is one of the main goals in homogeneous catalysis. The experiments and mol. modeling calculations were performed to establish the structure-reactivity relationship with various ligand substituents of ZrCl2-Sal(ph)en-X (X = H, CH3, OCH3, Br, NO2, Cl). A clear linear free-energy relationship (LFER, r2=0.97/0.93) was found between Hammett σp value of the phenoxyl side group substituent X and the rate KX or reaction barrier of the hydrogenation of Et levulinate. Lewis acid sites are stronger in catalysts with an electron-withdrawing group close to the Zr site. In addition, the auxiliary ligands at two axial sites connected to the Zr site have a more significant impact on the catalyst activity. Among the three axial ligands (Cl, OH and OiPr), the -OH ligand with a smaller size endows addnl. basicity of catalyst, which is beneficial to the activation and dissociation of the hydroxyl group in the 2-propanol at the Lewis acidic sites (Zr4+) and basic sites(O2-), thus increasing the reaction rate of the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV)reaction of Et levulinate.

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers published new progress about Basicity, Lewis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Howard, Micheal Seamus published the artcileEthanolic gasoline, a lignocellulosic advanced biofuel, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ethanolic gasoline lignocellulosic biofuel combustion.

In line with society’s growing need for a more sustainable fuel economy, various biofuels and alternative fuel formulations are being proposed. In this work, the ignition quality of a novel tricomponent advanced biofuel is examined Et levulinate, di-Et ether and ethanol (EL/DEE/EtOH) result from the acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in ethanol. In this paper, derived cetane numbers are established for a wide variety of blend fractions, using Ignition Quality Tester measurements. EL/DEE/EtOH mixtures of ignition quality equivalent to market diesel and gasoline are identified. One mixture of Motor Octane Number (MON) 88.3 and Research Octane Number (RON) 95 is selected for detailed anal. in comparison to a FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) gasoline, as a representative of petroleum-derived gasoline, with a similar MON of 88.8 and RON of 94.4. Ignition delay times for the EL/DEE/EtOH gasoline fuel are measured using a rapid compression machine at equivalence ratios of 0.5 and 1.0, at 20 and 40 bar over a temperature range of 600-900 K. The data shows that at temperatures >800 K, the EL/DEE/EtOH fuel behaves quite similar to the petroleum derived gasoline, FACE-F. However, the tri-component biofuel shows a dramatically truncated extent of ignition reactivity at lower temperatures, with a total absence of low-temperature chem. or neg. temperature coefficient (NTC) region; in this respect this biofuel blend is very different to conventional gasoline. To understand this differing behavior, a detailed chem. kinetic model is developed. Anal. of this model shows that ignition of the EL/DEE/EtOH blend is inhibited by the dominance of alkyl radical elimination pathways, which leads to a heightened rate of production of HO2 radicals. At high temperatures, while both fuels maintain a similar ignition delay time, the sensitivity anal. and the radical pool population shows that a different combustion mechanism is occurring for the EL/DEE/EtOH fuel, where Et and Me radicals play a much more prominent role in the ignition process.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Acid hydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ariba, Houda published the artcilePhysicochemical Properties for the Reaction Systems: Levulinic Acid, Its Esters, and γ-Valerolactone, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is physicochem property reaction system levulinate ester valerolactone.

The use of biomass, particularly, a second-generation one, as a renewable raw material is crucial to sustain the chem. industry. To favor the development of such processes, one needs to make a cost evaluation, which requires the knowledge of process thermodn. and kinetics. In this paper, measurements of different physicochem. properties (viscosity, d., refractive index, and sp. heat capacity) were done for the systems: hydrogenation of levulinic acid or its esters to γ-valerolactone. From those physicochem. measurements, it was possible to extract the ones of the intermediates and perform a thermodn. model assessment by using Aspen Plus. The Redlich-Kwong-Soave cubic equation of state and Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling virial equation of state are suitable to describe these chem. systems.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Biomass refining. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tian, Hongli published the artcileSulfated ordinary clay for acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass derivatives: Impacts of abundance and types of acidic sites on catalytic performance, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is sulfated ordinary clay catalyst calcination furfuryl alc ethyl levulinate; physiochem property.

Ordinary clay is an abundantly available material for use as catalyst support. In this study, sulfuric acid was used as sulfonating agent to prepare sulfated clay-based super-acid catalyst. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration and calcination temperature on physiochem. properties, interaction of sulfur species with the oxides in clay, distribution of Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites were characterized with XRD, pore structure anal., FT-IR, elemental anal., NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Pyridine-DRIFTS etc. The catalytic performance of different catalysts was evaluated by conversion of furfuryl alc. (FA) to Et levulinate (EL). The results showed that sulfuric acid reacted with alumina in clay to form Al2(SO4)3, thus changing structure and crystal phase of the catalyst. Increasing calcination temperature enhanced the interaction between sulfate species and clay, the retaining of sulfur on clay surface and the formation of more Bronsted acid sites while less Lewis acid sites. In addition, balanced distribution of the acidic sites was crucial for selective conversion of FA to EL. Over the clay catalyst impregnated with 4 M H2SO4 and calcined at 300°C, the yield of EL could reach 90%. The catalyst was not stable in polar solvent like ethanol due to leaching of sulfur species, while in aprotic solvent like DMSO, the catalyst maintained a good catalytic stability.

Journal of Solid State Chemistry published new progress about Bronsted acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics