Category: 539-88-8

Wang, Yantao published the artcileTransfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over modified Zr-based catalysts using primary alcohols as H-donors, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is hydrogenation furfural furfuryl alc modified zirconium catalyst green.

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is gaining increasing attention as a promising alternative to conventional hydrogenation with H2. In present work, a series of modified Zr-based catalysts were synthesized and tested for furfural catalytic transfer hydrogenation into furfuryl alc. (FA). The results indicated that more than 13% of furfural conversion and furfuryl alc. yield could be achieved with modified zirconium hydroxide (mZrH) at 140°C when compared with zirconium hydroxide (ZrH) using ethanol as H-donor and solvent in continuous flow regime, and the activity could be further enhanced by increasing the reaction temperature or Ru loading on the catalyst. The best result of 92% furfural conversion with ∼99% FA selectivity was obtained at 150°C with 6% Ru/mZrH as catalyst, and the productivity of FA is 5.5 mmol g-1 h-1 which is 2 times higher than that reported with ZrH in batch. Moreover, long-term stability study of the catalysts indicated that 6% Ru/mZrH not only performs a better activity, but also a better stability than 6% Ru/ZrH. Characterizations of the catalysts by BET, XRD, EA, IR, SEM-EDS, XPS and CO2 adsorption indicated that zirconium hydroxide (ZrH) was successfully modified with hydroxylamine, leading to significantly change of its morphol. and basic sites. And the deactivation of the catalysts was due to both the leaching of Ru and the deposition of side-products on its surface.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Binding energy. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khajone, Vijay B. published the artcileBronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid: An efficient photo-catalyst for production of biofuel component octyl levulinate at ambient conditions under visible light irradiation, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is Bronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine perylene diimide framework esterification; biofuel octyl levulinate visible light irradiation ionic liquid photocatalyst.

Novel Broensted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid (BAFPcPDIL) was synthesized and confirmed by instrumentation techniques. DRS-spectrum and Hammett value has been determined to confirm band-gap and proton levels of photo-catalyst, resp. The photo-catalytic performance was evaluated by production of octyl levulinate (OL) using levulinic acid (LA) with n-octyl alc. (OA) under visible light irradiations. Response surface methodol. (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 29 experiments was applied to explore consequences of 4 crucial process variables: catalyst loading (A), molar ratio of reactants (B) and power of visible light (C), duration in hour (D) on OL yield. From the model, the optimum conditions for the utmost conversion were found as: 10 mg catalyst with (1:1) alc. to LA molar ratio under 12 W lamp, in 12 h for completing esterification reaction with 95.58% yield of OL. With optimum conditions, various alkyl esters such as Me levulinate 92.14%, Et levulinate 93.12%, Pr levulinate 91.45%, isoPr levulinate 92.38%, Bu levulinate 85.13%, n-pentyl levulinate 86.35%, n-hexyl levulinate 89.57%, CMe3 levulinate 91.58%, were successfully synthesized with excellent yields. The plausible photocatalytic mechanism of the esterification reaction was also described. The study was extended on blending of OL with diesel sample in 10-30%, found comparable result of d., kinematic viscosity, calorific values, cetane number, flash, fire and pour point of the blended samples with blank diesel sample and appreciable changes in exhaust gases of 25% blended diesel sample. Addnl., BAFPcPDIL displayed good recyclability without loss of photo reactivity after 4 runs.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Seong Ju published the artcileEffect of thermochemically fractionation before hydrothermal liquefaction of herbaceous biomass on biocrude characteristics, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Miscanthus kenaf phenol hydrothermal liquefaction high performance liquid chromatog.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fractionated two types herbaceous biomass (kenaf and miscanthus) by dilute acid, organosolv, alk., or demineralization process was carried out under ethanol water co-solvent at 350°C for 30 min to examine the biocrude yield and characteristics. The biocrude properties were comprehensively characterized by HPLC, elemental, GC-MS, and TGA anal. Fractionation technologies before HTL effectively increased biocrude yield up to 38% compared to that of untreated herbaceous biomass (31%), except for organosolv fractionation of miscanthus, especially, HTL after alk. fractionation showed high yield and energy recovery ratio up to 70%. Elemental anal. showed that HHV of biocrude was neg. affected by hydrolysis reaction of high lignin content after dilute acid fractionation. The GC-MS anal. revealed that carbohydrates-derived compound significantly increased in the biocrude obtained after organosolv and alk. fractionation due to holocellulose increases through fractionation process. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the ratio of high-boiling-point compounds in biocrude obtained after demineralization was expanded compared with untreated due to ash removal, which could act as a catalyst.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Penin, Lucia published the artcileFractionation of Eucalyptus regnans wood: properties of the soluble products and reactivity of the treated solids, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is ethyl levulinate preparation Eucalyptus regnans wood autohydrolysis delignification.

Eucalyptus regnans wood samples were treated with water under diverse conditions, in order to obtain soluble hemicellulose-derived products. The composition of the liquid phase from the treatment leading to the best results was characterized in depth using a combination of spectrophotometric, spectrometric and chromatog. methods; and the susceptibility of the treated solids to further fractionation by organosolv delignification was assessed in addnl. experiments The chem. and physicochem. properties of the resulting lignin were determined, and the suitability of the delignified solids as substrates for the one-pot manufacture of Et levulinate was evaluated on a quant. basis.

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology published new progress about Autohydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bodachivskyi, Iurii published the artcileMetal triflates are tunable acidic catalysts for high yielding conversion of cellulosic biomass into ethyl levulinate, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is metal triflate acidic catalyst ethyl levulinate cellulosic yielding conversion.

Metal triflates and their mixtures with Bronsted acids are excellent catalysts for the selective and high yielding transformation of microcrystalline cellulose into Et levulinate, in ethanol, producing synergistic catalyst effects in some instances. The pretreatment of raw and unrefined cellulosic materials with a deep eutectic solvent enables similarly excellent catalyzed conversion thereof into Et levulinate in superb yield (up to 75%) and selectivity (up to 88%). When using fermentation-derived ethanol, the product possesses 100% renewable content.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Acid catalysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zuriaga, Estefania published the artcileQSAR modelling for predicting the toxic effects of traditional and derived biomass solvents on a Danio rerio biomodel, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is Danio biomass tetrahydrofurfuryl alc butyl lactate QSAR modeling; Ecotoxicity; FET (fish embryo test); LC(50); QSAR; Solvents; Teratogenicity.

The increasing interest in the development of ecofriendly solvents has led to the synthesis of benign alternative chems. with minimized environmental impacts. These kinds of chems. are known as Green solvents. In this work, we selected three families of solvents (furfural, lactate and levulinate families) derived from biomass that are structurally related. Most of the previous ecotoxicol. studies of these solvents have focused on invertebrate models such as bacteria, algae and crustaceans. To complete this information, in this work, the acute toxicity of these solvents was studied in Danio rerio (D. rerio). Sublethal and lethal effects were also observed, and the LC50 was obtained. The LC50 values ranged from 13.21 to 12073 mg L-1, with furfural being the most toxic compound and tetrahydrofurfuryl alc. the least toxic. Furthermore, the results indicated that a frequent sublethal effect was heart edema or malformation, even in some cases at concentrations lower than the LC50. A total of 15 mol. descriptors of the solvents were obtained using Gaussian 03 software. Finally, we also used the physicochem. property Log P, calculated from ACD/LogP, for QSAR modeling. Multivariable regression anal. showed that the min. set of independent variables that leads to the best regression is Log P, the energy of the LUMO (ELUMO) and the heat capacity (CV). The proposed model was validated using several internal and external methods.

Chemosphere published new progress about Acute toxicity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zarini, Daniele published the artcileAre In Silico Approaches Applicable As a First Step for the Prediction of e-Liquid Toxicity in e-Cigarettes?, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is toxicity electronic cigarette liquid QSAR model.

Recent studies have raised concerns about e-cigarette liquid inhalation toxicity by reporting the presence of chems. with European Union CLP toxicity classification. In this scenario, the regulatory context is still developing and is not yet up to date with vaping current reality. Due to the paucity of toxicol. studies, robust data regarding which components in tent. In this study we applied computational methods for studied chems. as a useful tool for predicting the acute toxicity of chems. contained in e-liquids The purpose of t the potential health concerns associated with e-liquid ingredients, (b) to prioritize e-liquid ingredients by calculating the e-tox index, and (c) to estimate acute toxicity of e-liquid mixtures QSAR models were generated using QSARINS software to fill the acute toxicity data gap of 264 e-liquid ingredients. As a second step, the potential acute toxicity of e-liquids mixtures was evaluated. Our preliminary data suggest that a computational approa serve as a roadmap to enable regulatory bodies to better regulate e-liquid composition and to contribute to consumer health protection.

Chemical Research in Toxicology published new progress about Acute toxicity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dugkhuntod, Pannida published the artcileSynthesis of hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers for levulinic acid esterification with ethanol to ethyl levulinate, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is zeolite nanolayer synthesis levulinic acid ethanol esterification.

Hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers have been successfully synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process using dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC) as a secondary organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). This clearly demonstrates that the TPOAC content and the crystallization time are crucial parameters for the formation of nanolayered structures. The presence of such a structure significantly improves the mesoporosity of ZSM-12 by generating interstitial mesopores between nanolayers, eventually resulting in enhancing external surface areas and mesopore volumes, and subsequently promoting the mol. diffusion inside a zeolite framework. To illustrate its advantages as a heterogeneous catalyst, hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers were applied in the catalytic application of an esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol to Et levulinate. Interestingly, hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers exhibit an improvement of catalytic activity in terms of levulinic acid conversion (78.5%) and Et levulinate selectivity (98.7%) compared with other frameworks of hierarchical zeolite nanosheets, such as ZSM-5 and FAU. The example reported herein demonstrates an efficient way to synthesize a unidimensional pore zeolite with hierarchical nanolayered structure via a dual template method and also opens up perspectives for the application of different hierarchical porous systems of zeolites in the bulky-mol. reactions such as in the case of levulinic acid esterification with ethanol.

RSC Advances published new progress about Crystallization. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Shijun published the artcileMultifunctional Ce/ZrSi Catalyst Synergistically Converting 1,4-Pentanediol Derived from Levulinic Acids to Renewable Pentadiene, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is ceria zirconium catalyst synergism levulinic acid hydrogenation pentanediol pentadiene.

Here, an innovative approach to produce renewable pentadiene is described: converting levulinic acids to 1,4-pentanediol, followed by dehydration to pentadiene affording 77.5% yield over a multifunctional Ce/ZrSi catalyst. Impressively, a synergistic effect between Ce and ZrSi was disclosed for the direct dehydration, and further transformation was relatively stimulated from the undesirable product 2-methyltetrahydrofuran toward pentadiene. Moreover, the direct dehydration took priority over the pentadiene synthesis among the two reaction pathways.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Castro, Gabriel Abranches Dias published the artcileMicrowave-assisted green synthesis of levulinate esters as biofuel precursors using calix[4]arene as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is levulinate ester sulfonic acid calixarene organocatalyst microwave green synthesis.

Levulinic acid, one of the top 12 value-added chems., can be obtained by the transformation of biomass by acid catalysis. Alkyl levulinate has been widely explored as a precursor for obtaining renewable fuel additives. In this work, the organocatalyst CX4SO3H was employed for the first time as an organocatalyst for levulinic acid esterification reactions. Various parameters, such as the temperature, reaction time, and catalyst load, were investigated. The optimized reaction conditions were a reaction temperature of 80°C (MWI), a reaction time of 2.5 min, a CX4SO3H catalyst load of 1 mol% and solvent-free conditions. Ten different alcs. were evaluated for the synthesis of alkyl levulinate with high yields (ca. 99%), with the exception of tert-Bu alc. (13% yield). The levulinic acid esterification reaction, a type of green chem. reaction, has many advantages such as (i) creation of a new C-O bonds, (ii) water being the sole waste, (iii) 100% carbon economy, (iv) metal- and solvent-free processes, (v) short time and (vi) nontoxic and reusable organocatalysts. These advantages, along with the simple workup procedure, make this efficient protocol a greener alternative to the traditional methods used for the synthesis of levulinate esters to generate biofuels.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics