Category: 539-88-8

Li, Yafei published the artcileSynthesis of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate hydrogenation and ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate lactonization over supported Cu-Ni bimetallic, bifunctional catalysts, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ethyl levulinate valerolactone hydrogenation bimetallic catalyst.

A stable and highly efficient supported Cu-Ni catalysts for the conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to gamma;-valerolactone (GVL) was developed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, TPR, and XPS. The support effect of metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) revealed that Cu-Ni supported on Al2O3 showed the highest activity for EL hydrogenation to Et 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and the subsequent intramol. esterification of EHP to GVL. EHP intramol. esterification to GVL in the ethanol solution was a reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 24 at 453 K. A simplified reaction kinetic network was established. The solvent had a significant influence on the reaction equilibrium and the catalyst stability. Cu-Ni/Al2O3 in n-hexane solvent gave a higher GVL yield than that in ethanol solvent, and showed better recyclability than that in toluene solvent. With optimizing the conditions, Cu-Ni/Al2O3 gave 99.9% conversion and 98% selectivity to GVL with a space-time yield of 1.13 gGVL g-1cath-1 in n-hexane solvent with good recyclability.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Xiaoning published the artcileZirconium-Gallic Acid Coordination Polymer: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Its Esters into γ-Valerolactone, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is zirconium catalyst preparation surface structure ethyl levulinate hydrogenation.

The conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to produce γ-valerolactone (GVL) through catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reaction plays a crucial role in the field of biomass catalytic conversion. In this work, a novel Zr-base catalyst with phenate group, phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl in its structure was prepared by the co-precipitation of natural sources gallic acid and ZrCl4. It was found that Zr-GA has an excellent catalytic performance for this reaction and satisfactory GVL yield could be achieved. Besides, Zr-GA could be easily separated from the reaction system and reused at least six times without a significantly decrease in activity. Meanwhile, various characterizations had proved that Zr-GA is a porous material with acid-base bifunctional sites. The main reason for the high catalytic activity of the Zr-GA was that the synergetic effects of Lewis acid/base sites and Bronsted acid sites and appropriate textural properties. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed in conjunction with the poisoning experiment and previous reports. The heterogeneous catalyst Zr-GA prepared with gallic acid as a raw material has low cost and recyclability, and has great potential in green chem.

Catalysis Letters published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Filho, Jose B. G. published the artcilePhotocatalytic reduction of levulinic acid using thermally modified niobic acid, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is photocatalyst reduction levulinic acid thermally modified niobic acid.

After the discovery that com. niobic acid (H0) is able to reduce the levulinic acid in value added mols., H0 was thermally treated at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, generating the niobium oxides H1, H2 and H3 and the photocatalytic improvement towards reduction was investigated. Although the higher temperatures significantly decreased the sp. surface area, it was important to remove surface hydroxyl groups and create the T and TT-Nb2O5 phase mixture in H3 which were responsible for its best performance (36.4% of conversion and almost 99% of selectivity for reduced products). To further improve the H3 photoactivity, an identical synthesis was performed in H2 flow to produce oxygen vacancies in the structure of the new photocatalyst (H3OV). This simple modification method increased �% of products yield, which is the best photocatalytic result obtained for pure niobium oxides so far, and proved that it is possible to significantly increase photocatalytic performance without laborious modifications. The electronic and structural differences between H3 and H3OV were investigated by XRD Rietveld refinement, EPR, HR-TEM, DRS and SAED analyses.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fan, Mengjiao published the artcileSwitching production of γ-valerolactone and 1,4-pentanediol from ethyl levulinate via tailoring alkaline sites of CuMg catalyst and hydrogen solubility in reaction medium, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is pentanediol gamma valerolactone production ethyl levulinate copper magnesium catalyst.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PeD) are the biomass-derived chems. with the tunable functionalities, serving as the platform for synthesis other value-added product. In this study, we have demonstrated that the production of GVL and 1,4-PeD from Et levulinate (EL), a product from alcoholysis of biomass, could be switched flexibly via tailoring the copper content and abundance of the basic sites in the CuMg catalyst and the reaction medium, achieving the yields up to 99% and 97.7% under optimal exptl. condition. The production of GVL was favored over the CuMg catalyst with the high Cu content, while the abundant basic sites in the CuMg catalyst were the key for further opening of the furan ring in GVL to form 1,4-PeD. Furthermore, the alc. solvent especially isopropanol with the higher hydrogen solubility also facilitated the production of 1,4-PeD. Water as the reaction medium induced significant sintering of Cu in CuMg catalyst, while the alc. solvent could effectively suppress the aggregation of copper species, maintaining the high catalytic stability.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Chemisorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ristiana, Desinta Dwi published the artcileSulfonic acid-functionalized silica with controlled hydrophobicity as an effective catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is levulinic acid esterification sulfonic silica catalyst hydrophobicity.

As one of the essential additives in biodiesel and flavoring agents, solvents, and plasticizers in industry, Et levulinate (EL) has gained attention in the last two decades, and the global production of the compound is rapidly increased over the years. So far, esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) with ethanol (EtOH) in the presence of highly corrosive mineral acid catalysts is the most common technique for the reaction. To avoid the harsh environment during the reaction and to ease the separation of the catalyst, the research has been recently focused on developing highly active solid acid catalysts. In this research, we have systematically investigated the catalytic activity of sulfonic acid-functionalized silica (SiO2-SO3H) with different hydrophobicity for esterification of LA with EtOH. The hydrophobicity of SiO2-SO3H was tuned by incorporating three different alkylsilanes, e.g., Me (Me), octyl (Oct), and hexadecyl (HD) silanes on the surface of the material. We found that the longer the alkyl group, the lower the acidity and thus resulted in the lower the catalytic activity. On the other hand, the particle size and hydrophobicity increase with the length in the alkyl group. SiO2-SO3H modified with the Me group (SiO2-SO3H/Me) showed the highest acidity (0.76 mmol g-1) and the highest catalytic performance (70.6% conversion). Moreover, while all alkyl-modified catalysts followed pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1p) for the reaction over SiO2-SO3H/Me was 5.4 x 10-3 min-1. The kinetic results of this study could be useful for reactor modeling and simulation in the future.

Materials Today Communications published new progress about Contact angle. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bonepally, Karunakar Reddy published the artcileRapid and Systematic Exploration of Chemical Space Relevant to Artemisinins: Anti-malarial Activities of Skeletally Diversified Tetracyclic Peroxides and 6-Aza-artemisinins, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is artemisinin aza preparation antimalarial; tetracyclic peroxide preparation antimalarial.

To achieve both structural changes and rapid synthesis of the tetracyclic scaffold relevant to artemisinins, we explored two kinds of de novo synthetic approaches that generate both skeletally diversified tetracyclic peroxides and 6-aza-artemisinins. The antimalarial activities of the tetracyclic peroxides with distinct skeletal arrays, however, were moderate and far inferior to artemisinins. Given the privileged scaffold of artemisinins, we next envisioned element implantation at the C6 position with a nitrogen without the trimmings of substituents and functional groups. This mol. design allowed the deep-seated structural modification of the hitherto unexplored cyclohexane moiety (C-ring) while keeping the three-dimensional structure of artemisinins. Notably, this approach induced dramatic changes of retrosynthetic transforms that allow an expeditious catalytic asym. synthesis with generation of substitutional variations at three sites (N6, C9, and C3) of the 6-aza-artemisinins. These de novo synthetic approaches led to the lead discovery with substantial intensification of the in vivo activities, which undermine the prevailing notion that the C-ring of artemisinins appears to be merely a structural unit but to be a functional area as the antimalarial pharmacophore. Furthermore, we unexpectedly found that racemic 6-aza-artemisinin (I) exerted exceedingly potent in vivo efficacies superior to the chiral one and the first-line drug, artesunate.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Antimalarials. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Patil, Chetana R. published the artcileSingle-Pot Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Alkyl Levulinates Using Heterogenized p-TSA Catalyst, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is furfuryl alc alkyl levulinate toluene sulfonic acid catalyst alcoholysis.

Synthesis of levulinate esters which are known to be excellent sustainable fuel additives, was achieved by alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. over strong solid acid catalyst, prepared by copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid with paraformaldehyde. Our catalyst possessed Broensted acidity (3 mmol/g) with an excellent stability up to 220 °C. XPS, FT-IR and Pyridine-IR along with microanal. studies confirmed the presence of terminal -SO3H functional groups responsible for Broensted acidity in the catalyst. The catalyst was found to efficiently catalyze the alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. to give alkyl levulinates under mild reaction conditions. The complete conversion of furfuryl alc. with 96% and 97% selectivities to Et and Bu levulinates could be achieved using ethanol and butanol, resp. Detailed study on effect of various reaction parameters like catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature on conversion and product distribution was also carried out for the ethanolysis of furfuryl alc. to Et levulinate. The catalyst could be easily recovered and recycled for five times successfully, with no loss in its original activity.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Agglomeration. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shestakova, Pavletta published the artcileHybrid catalyst with combined Lewis and Bronsted acidity based on ZrIV substituted polyoxometalate grafted on mesoporous MCM-41 silica for esterification of renewable levulinic acid, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is Lewis acidity Zr polyoxometalate mesoporous zeolite esterification catalyst; Bronsted acidity Zr polyoxometalate mesoporous zeolite esterification.

Materials which synergistically combine Lewis and Bronsted acid properties hold potential for applications as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for preparation of biofuels and biolubricants. Herein we report new heterogeneous catalysts based on grafting the intact Lewis metal (ZrIV) substituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) on mesoporous silica support. A new approach for immobilization of the POM in MCM-41 silica was developed by co-condensation of Si source (tetra-Et orthosilicate, TEOS) with POM salt in the presence of a template mol. as an alternative to the commonly used acidic POM form and impregnation procedure for catalyst preparation The proposed synthesis method in combination with extraction of the template proceeded with preservation of the intact POM structure and resulted in hybrid catalysts with in situ generated Bronsted acid sites in addition to the Lewis acidity provided by the metal centers. Textural properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Insight into POM stability and structural transformations during synthesis, template removal and impregnation was provided by solid state 31P and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Catalytic activity was studied in esterification reactions of levulinic acid with ethanol or octanol to value-added esters. The directly synthesized POM-functionalized hybrid catalysts exceeded the post synthesis impregnated ones, demonstrating significantly higher catalytic activity, recyclability and resistance against leaching. The proposed approach for immobilization of Lewis metal POMs in MCM-41 silica framework with in situ generation of the active Bronsted acid sites opens prospects for the development of efficient hybrid catalysts for esterification reaction, which overcomes the main limitations of common POM based catalysts such as low stability of the acid sites during the synthesis and the catalytic reaction, low surface area, agglomeration of the catalytically active phase and low stability of the Lewis metal center in presence of water.

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials published new progress about Agglomeration. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yuan, Chuan published the artcileEffect of cosolvent and addition of catalyst (HZSM-5) on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is macroalgae HZSM catalyst hydrothermal liquefaction cosolvent effect.

Summary : The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the direct liquefaction of macroalgae in an autoclave reactor (50 mL) possessing water and ethanol as cosolvent. The reaction conditions such as duration, temperature, algae/solvent ratio, the composition of cosolvent (ethanol-water) on product distribution, and bio-oil characterization were studied. The optimum conditions such as 300°C of temperature, 45 min of reaction time, 75% of ethanol, and algae to solvent ratio of 4/40 g/mL supported the bio-oil yield of 46.75% with a conversion rate of 95.5%. The composition and concentration of the compounds in the bio-oil produced under various doses of catalyst were described using GC-MS. The bio-oil characterization showed that the esters were most predominant in hydrothermal liquefaction with a catalyst (HZSM-5) compared with hydrothermal liquefaction in the absence of the catalyst.

International Journal of Energy Research published new progress about Algae, macro-. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bakuru, Vasudeva Rao published the artcileExploring the Bronsted acidity of UiO-66 (Zr, Ce, Hf) metal-organic frameworks for efficient solketal synthesis from glycerol acetalization, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Bronsted acidity metal organic framework solketal catalyst glycerol acetalization; hafnium MOF catalyst levulinic acid acetalization; cerium MOF catalyst levulinic acid acetalization; zirconium MOF catalyst acetalization.

Zr, Ce, Hf-based isostructural UIO-66 MOFs exhibited varying degree of Bronsted acidity (UiO-66(Hf) > UiO-66(Ce) > UiO-66(Zr)) on their secondary building units owing to the differences in their oxophilicities. UIO-66(Hf) showed remarkable catalytic activity for solketal synthesis with a turnover frequency as high as 13 886 h-1, which is 90 times higher than that of UiO-66(Zr) and several orders of magnitude higher than that of H2SO4 or Zeolites.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about Acetalization. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics