Category: 539-88-8

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileBio-fuel additive synthesized from levulinic acid using ionic liquid-furfural based carbon catalyst: Kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism studies, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is biofuel levulinic acid ionic liquid carbon catalyst thermodn kinetics.

The Et levulinate is one of promising platform chem. from biomass and commonly involved the esterification reaction of levulinic acid. The reactions are extensively focussed on the catalytic performance by various catalysts and presented limited work on the kinetic, thermodn. and mechanism study for heterogeneous catalyst reaction. To fill this gap, the reaction anal. over a new ionic liquid-furfural carbon catalyst has been investigated in this work. The math. equations were derived to determine the kinetic-thermodn. parameters, and proposed suitable mechanism for the reaction. Pseudo-first order model presents high correlation coefficient and accuracy with the reaction rate constant of 0.0037-0.0127 min-1 and Ea = 17.3 kJ/mol. The reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous with ordered system at transition state. The proposed combined nucleophilic substitution and Eley-Rideal mechanism is comprised of SN2 steps and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The results provide insights on the reaction for future designing and scaling-up the esterification process.

Chemical Engineering Science published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hu, Aiyun published the artcileNovel Sulfonic Acid Polystyrene Microspheres for Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Ethyl Levulinate, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is furfuryl alc ethyl levulinate polystyrene microsphere structural property.

In order to further improve the catalytic activity and stability of heterogeneous acid catalysts, a polystyrene microspheres modified sulfonic acid-based catalyst (PS-SO3H) was prepared PS-SO3H was characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, N2 adsorption-desorption, and XPS. Catalytic efficiency was determined using the reaction of furfuryl alcoholysis to Et levulinate (EL). The obtained results showed that PS-SO3H had excellent catalytic performance, with EL yield of 94.7%. In addition, PS-SO3H was easily separated from the reaction system and recycled multiple times without significant reduction in activity. High catalytic activity stemmed from the effect of Bronsted acid sites and appropriate structural properties.

Catalysis Letters published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Lincai published the artcileMechanistic insights into the effect of the feed concentration on product formation during acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose in ethanol, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is acid catalyzed conversion glucose mechanistic study.

Catalytic upgradation of carbohydrates in concentrated feeds well conforms to the demands for the industrial deployment of bio-based fuels and chems., but the majority of existing explorations merely focused on the utilization of dilute feedstock. In this contribution, the degradation behavior of both dilute (20 g L-1) and concentrated glucose (200 g L-1) in an ethanol medium was comparatively investigated by acid catalysis. The increase of the glucose concentration from 20 to 200 g L-1 largely boosted the formation of water-soluble oligomers (WSO) instead of solid humins (SHU). The high initial glucose concentration favored the formation of glucose oligomers, and the high instantaneous concentration of EL and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) also exacerbated the polymerization reactions, both of which are responsible for the formation of excessive WSO in a concentrated feed. Structural characterization revealed that substituted furans, 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal (DHH) and its analog are the main fragments in WSO20, while WSO200 largely consisted of glucosyl units as well as furanic and aromatic fragments linked with aliphatic units, leading to the distinct structure of SHU from the two feed concentrations This work provides insights into the effect of the feed concentration on product formation during acid-catalyzed ethanolysis of glucose, facilitating the development of optimal processes for valorizing concentrated sugars.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jia, Boyu published the artcileSelective production of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid by lipase-immobilized mesoporous silica nanoflowers composite, Quality Control of 539-88-8, the main research area is ethyl levulinate levulinic acid lipase mesoporous silica nanoflower composite.

Mesoporous silica nanoflowers bearing -NH2 groups were synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetra-Et orthosilicate (TEOS) with reverse microemulsion method, following with the grafting of -NH2 groups by the post modification with (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The lipase from C. antarctica was immobilized on the as-synthesized amino-grafted mesoporous silica nanoflowers to fabricate the lipase-immobilized mesoporous silica nanoflowers composite, which was applied for the catalytic transformation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to biofuel Et levulinate (EL), and exhibited excellent catalytic activity. An Et levulinate yield as high as 99.5% could be achieved at 40°C in 8 h reaction time, which was much higher than that catalyzed by the free lipase (67.9%) under the identical conditions. The immobilized lipase showed good stability and recyclability that Et levulinate yields above 68% could be remained after seven recycle times. This work represents a novel strategy to construct the immobilized biocatalyst for the production of bio-based chems.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Quality Control of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Haixin published the artcileHydrogen gas-free processes for single-step preparation of transition-metal bifunctional catalysts and one-pot γ-valerolactone synthesis in supercritical CO2-ionic liquid systems, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is carbon transition metal bifunctional catalyst valerolactone one pot synthesis.

Hydrothermal carbonization of glucose (180 °C, 4 h) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid and nickel or copper sulfate afforded transition-metal (Ni/NiO, Cu/CuO) functional carbon (FC) catalysts in a single-step without hydrogen gas. Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)-ionic liquid ([BMIM]Cl) systems with formic acid as H-donor source and Ni/NiO-FC catalysts gave 97% GVL yields (170 °C, 3 h). The Ni/NiO-FC catalysts (d = 50 to 200 nm) had well-dispersed Ni/NiO particles (<5 nm) with -SO3H, COOH and phenolic -OH functional groups; Ni/NiO-FC catalysts were more effective than Cu/CuO-FC catalysts. Ni/NiO-FC catalysts were active for conversion of substrates (Et levulinate, fructose, cellobiose or cellulose) to resp. products (GVL, 5-HMF, sugars). The role of scCO2 in the reaction system is one of improving mass transport and suppressing side-reactions via GVL product removal. Proposed methods for catalyst synthesis and substrate hydrogenation do not require hydrogen gas and are widely applicable to processing biomass. Journal of Supercritical Fluids published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Shiliang published the artcileThe regulated emissions and PAH emissions of bio-based long-chain ethers in a diesel engine, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission ether diesel engine.

Catalytic etherification is a new and developing method for the upgradation of pyrolysis bio-oil into high performance bio-based long-chain ethers. In this work, the application of bio-based long-chain ether oxygenated additives in diesel engines have been checked by focusing on their regulated emissions and PAH emissions. Four bio-based long-chain ethers with similar structures, including: Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether, diglyme, dipropylene glycol di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether have been blended with diesel fuel and tested in a small-duty diesel engine. The results showed that long-chain ethers were beneficial to the reduction of regulated emissions by comparing to pure diesel. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether showed best performance among the four tested ethers. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether could reduce 56% CO, 23% NO and 93% soot emissions, while Tripropylene glycol Me ether could reduce 52% CO, 28% NO and 88% soot emissions. Besides, the particle sizes of soot particles from the blended fuels were also reduced. What’s more, the addition of bio-based long-chain ethers could reduce particulate PAHs emissions by 39% ∼ 67% and reduce gaseous PAHs emissions by 25% ∼ 44%, and the PAHs toxicity was also reduced by 32% ∼ 55%. This work proved that the structure of oxygen atoms evenly distributed in the chain could efficiently suppress the production of soot precursors and eventually reduce the soot emission.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mohan, Akhil published the artcileLiquid fuel from waste tires: novel refining, advanced characterization and utilization in engines with ethyl levulinate as an additive, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is ethyl levulinate additive liquid fuel waste tire engine.

Pyrolysis is a promising thermochem. strategy to convert scrap tires into diesel-like fuels. Crude tire pyrolysis oil (CTPO) was produced in a 10 ton rotating autoclave reactor by thermal depolymerization of the tire polymers. In this work, the prior-reported straightforward and inexpensive strategy of upgrading CTPO using a combination of silica gel (as adsorbent) and petroleum ether (as the solvent) has been scaled up with minimal loss in mass of oil and improved physicochem. characteristics (e.g., lowered acid value, low sulfur content). The upgraded TPO (StTPO) was characterized extensively to better understand their chem. compositions, physicochem. properties, and combustion characteristics. StTPO was mixed with diesel in different volumetric proportions and the blends were studied for performance and emission characteristics in a single-cylinder engine. The use of biomass-derived Et levulinate (EL) as a fuel oxygenate improved the cold-flow properties of StTPO-diesel blends as well as lowered the exhaust emissions (e.g., lower NOx). A fuel blend consisting of 50% diesel, 40% StTPO, and 10% EL demonstrated the best fuel properties in the single-cylinder diesel engine.

RSC Advances published new progress about Adsorbents. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhao, Deyang published the artcileInsights into bimetallic synergistic effect towards γ-valerolactone production under Co doped Zr-TiO2, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is titanium oxide valerolactone production structural optical property.

Co doped into 5% Zr-TiO2 (Co@5% Zr/-TiO2) was prepared by a simple, facile sol-gel method, and employing in the catalytic transfer hydrogen (CTH) process starting from Et levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Lewis/Bronsted acid ratio and BET surface area increased with the incorporation of Co into Ti-Zr-O support. In addition, the synergistic effect between Co-Zr in TiO2 enhanced the strong acid strength sites. Co@5% Zr-TiO2 exhibited the highest catalytic performance (EL conversion 95%, GVL yield 88%) under optimum condition (0.2 M EL, 15 mL 2-PrOH, 190°C, 11 h). Noticeably, Co@5% Zr-TiO2 exhibited higher stability in 4th recycling experiments as compared to 5% Zr-TiO2 under identical condition. From computational calculation, EL adsorption process was more spontaneous with ΔEad= -8.240 eV. The protonation process made the reactants get close to the surface with a bonded O12-Ti2.179 Å and O6-Zr of 2.376 Å. Finally, GVL showed a strong leaving trend after the formation.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gu, Jing published the artcileEfficient transfer hydrogenation of biomass derived furfural and levulinic acid via magnetic zirconium nanoparticles: Experimental and kinetic study, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is furfural levulinic acid hydrogenation magnetic zirconium nanoparticle catalyst preparation.

A series of magnetic zirconium nanoparticles with varied Zr/Fe molar ratios were synthesized and developed as acid-base bifunctional catalysts in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass-derived furfural (FFR) and levulinic acid (LA) using 2-propanol as both hydrogen donor and solvent. Zirconium constituents coated on nano-sized Fe3O4 endowed the catalysts with abundant acid-base sites, moderate surface areas (94.0-187.6 m2/g) and pore sizes (3.42-9.51 nm), thus giving nearly 100% yields of furfuryl alc. (FA) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) after 2 h of reaction. Particularly, competitive activation energy (Ea) for the CTH of FFR into FA over Zr1Fe1-300 was as low as 50.9 kJ/mol. Moreover, the easily separable nanocatalyst Zr1Fe1-150 was also applicable to CTH of various alkyl levulinates into GVL in high efficiency and could be reused for multiple cycles without obvious loss of its catalytic performance in the transfer hydrogenation of LA.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Manjunathan, Pandian published the artcileOne-pot fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural using a sulfonated hydrophobic mesoporous organic polymer as a highly active and stable heterogeneous catalyst, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is fructose ethoxymethylfurfural organic polymer heterogeneous catalyst.

We report a sulfonated hydrophobic mesoporous organic polymer (MOP-SO3H) as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) production from fructose in ethanol solvent. MOP-SO3H was fabricated by co-polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SPSS) followed by ion exchange with dilute H2SO4, and its pore structure and acid d. could be tuned easily by varying the mole ratio of SPSS to DVB. 31P MAS NMR anal. using trimethylphosphine oxide as a base probe mol. indicated that MOP-SO3H possessed a weaker Bronsted acid site than conventional cation-exchange resins. The superhydrophobic properties of MOP-SO3H were retained even after incorporating a greater number of sulfonic acid groups into the polymer framework, while conventional solid acid resins exhibited hydrophilic properties. MOP-SO3H exhibited a superior catalytic performance in comparison with conventional acid resins, a mesoporous acid catalyst, and homogeneous acid catalysts in EMF production from fructose. After optimization of various reaction conditions using MOP-SO3H, a high EMF yield of 72.2% at 99.3% fructose conversion was achieved at 100°C in a very short reaction time of 5 h. Notably, MOP-SO3H showed a much higher EMF formation rate than the Amberlyst-15 catalyst (53.5 vs. 6.1μmol g-1 min-1). This superior performance of the MOP-SO3H catalyst was attributed to its unique feature of large surface area containing a large quantity of readily accessible acid sites distributed throughout the hydrophobic polymer framework. In addition to its high catalytic activity, the notable stability of the MOP-SO3H catalyst was also confirmed by leaching and recyclability tests. Thus, owing to its excellent catalytic performance and easy scalability, MOP-SO3H can potentially be used as an industrial heterogeneous catalyst to produce EMF from various fructose-containing biomass.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics