Category: 539-88-8

Liu, Yuan published the artcilePreparation of carbonyl precursors for long-chain oxygenated fuels from cellulose ethanolysis catalyzed by metal oxides, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is metal oxide carbonyl precursor oxygenated fuel cellulose ethanolysis.

Long-chain oxygenated liquid fuels have similar physicochem. properties with diesel fuel, and its oxygen can promote combustion and reduce PM2.5. An approach for the preparation of the precursor from lignocellulose suitable for C-C coupling is the key problem to be solved in the production of long-chain oxygenated fuels. In this work, cellulose, as a main component in biomass, was directly alcoholyzed to carbonyl compounds with α-H catalyzed by three typical metal oxides (CaO, MgO and ZnO). The results showed that high temperature was favorable for the conversion of cellulose, but a large number of side products, namely levoglucosan and ethyl-α-D-pyran glucoside, have been detected in liquefied products. These byproducts could be transformed into target precursors with α-H over CaO or ZnO with 0.5 mmol at 320°C in ethanol solvent. Addnl., side reactions of ethanol at elevated temperature could be inhibited with ZnO in water-ethanol co-solvent and the byproducts from ethanol dehydration, including 1,1-diethoxyethane, 2-ethoxyethanol, dropped significantly with an increase in carbonyl compounds Noticeably, compared with pure ethanol, the yield of carbonyl compounds in liquid products increased obviously to 47.4% when the volume ratio of water to ethanol was 3: 10.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fulignati, Sara published the artcileIntegrated Cascade Process for the Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic and TetrahydrofuranicDiethers as Potential Biofuels, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydroxymethylfurfural catalytic conversion furanic tetrahydrofuranicdiether biofuel; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; furan ether; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; tetrahydrofuran ether.

The depletion of fossil resources is driving the research towards alternative renewable ones. Under this perspective, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a key mol. deriving from biomass characterized by remarkable potential as platform chem. In this work, for the first time, the hydrogenation of HMF in ethanol was selectively addressed towards 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) by properly tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of the same com. catalyst (Ru/C), reaching the highest yields of 80 and 93 mol%, resp. These diols represent not only interesting monomers but strategic precursors for two scarcely investigated ethoxylated biofuels, 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) and 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BEMTHF). Therefore, the etherification with ethanol of pure BHMF and BHMTHF and of crude BHMF, as obtained from hydrogenation step, substrates scarcely investigated in the literature, was performed with several com. heterogeneous acid catalysts. Among them, the zeolite HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) was the most promising system, achieving the highest BEMF yield of 74 mol%. In particular, for the first time, the synthesis of the fully hydrogenated diether BEMTHF was thoroughly studied, and a novel cascade process for the tailored conversion of HMF to the di-Et ethers BEMF and BEMTHF was proposed.

ChemSusChem published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileEsterification of Levulinic Acid to Ethyl Levulinate Using Liquefied Oil Palm Frond-Based Carbon Cryogel Catalyst, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid esterification ethyl levulinate oil palm cryogel catalyst.

Oil palm biomass, which is abundantly available in Malaysia, has many types of applications in various industries. In this study, oil palm frond (OPF) was liquefied with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM][HSO4]) ionic liquid (IL) at optimum conditions. The liquefied OPF-ionic liquid (LOPF-IL) was mixed with furfural at a ratio of 0.8 (weight/weight), water-to-feedstock ratio of 0.125 (weight/weight), and sulfuric acid loading of 0.5 mL at 100°C for 1 h to form a gel. Carbon cryogel liquefied oil palm frond (CCOPF) was prepared using a freeze-dryer followed by calcination. CCOPF was further characterized using N2 sorption, NH3-TPD, TGA, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM to determine its phys. and chem. properties. The thermally stable CCOPF exhibited a large total surface area (578 m2/g) and high total acidity (17.6 mmol/g). Next, CCOPF was tested for levulinic acid catalytic esterification by varying the parameters including ethanol-to-levulinic acid molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time at 78°C. At the optimum conditions, the conversion of levulinic acid and Et levulinate yield was 70.9 and 71.7 mol%, resp. CCOPF was reusable up to five runs with no significant conversion drop. Accordingly, CCOPF is conferred as a potential biomass-derived acid catalyst for Et levulinate production

BioEnergy Research published new progress about Cryogels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileSulfated Zirconia with Different Crystal Phases for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is ethyl levulinate sulfated zirconia crystal phase.

Distinct crystal phases of an oxide affect the configuration of surface atoms, which might further affect coordination with sulfate during sulfonation for the preparation of SO42-/MxOy type of acid catalyst. Herein, such an effect is investigated with zirconia of the tetragonal or monoclinic phase as the model catalysts. The results show that sulfonation inhibits the transformation of zirconia from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase, whereas the varied phase of zirconia also affects the bonding patterns of sulfate species with zirconia in sulfonation. The sulfated zirconia of monoclinic phase contains more abundant acidic sites and more Bronsted acid sites than that of sulfated zirconia of tetragonal phase. Consequently, the sulfated zirconia of monoclinic phase is more active than the sulfated zirconia of tetragonal phase for the conversion of furfuryl alc. in ethanol and conversion of fructose in DMSO, achieving the yield of Et levulinate of 96.4% and a high yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The sulfated zirconia is not stable in protic solvent due to the leaching of sulfur species and the change in configurations of the sulfate species and the zirconium species, but in the aprotic solvent, they show good stability and recyclability.

Energy Technology (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Crystals. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Andrews, Fred published the artcileChemical processing of lingo-cellulosic biomass sugars for biofuel, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is review lingocellulosic biomass sugar biofuel.

Bio-refineries convert biomass into high-value chems., which is essential for long-term development. One of the most significant raw sources for bio-refineries is Ligno-Cellulosic Biomass (LCB), which comprises polysaccharides and aromatic polymers. Effective pretreatment procedures may extract hexose and pentose sugars from LCB, which can then be turned into high-value chems. and biofuels including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Levulinic Acid (LA), γ-valerolactone (GVL), Et Levulinate (EL), and 5- ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). EMF has the highest cetane number and the best oxidation stability among these biofuels. The mechanism of various major stages of EMF synthesis from LCB-derived sugars, as well as recent research developments on acid catalysts employed in this reaction. The effect of mono and bi-functional acid catalyst characteristics and structures on the selectivity of EMF from glucose was examined, as well as the effect of reaction conditions on EMF yield.

ChemXpress published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Marks, Caroline published the artcileMinimal viable sugar yield of biomass pretreatment, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biomass hydrolysis biofuel.

The pretreatment of biomass and the subsequent enzymic hydrolysis to sugars play an important role in the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, the influence of pretreatment and hydrolysis yields on the production pathway performance of biofuels is rarely researched from the beginning. Moreover, a clear trade-off between economic efficiency and environmental impact exists. Production pathways can be evaluated with reaction network flux anal. (RNFA) ( Voll A and Marquardt W, Reaction network flux anal.: Optimization-based evaluation of reaction pathways for biorenewables processing. AIChE J 58(6):1788-1801 (2012)). Utilizing RNFA, this study explores the influence of biomass pretreatment, focusing on changes in biomass composition, fractionation efficiency, and sugar yield after hydrolysis on the production performance of biofuels for several pretreatment concepts and several wood sources. The results show that, for ethanol and Et levulinate production, specific fuel costs and carbon loss correlate reciprocally with the yields of pretreatment and hydrolysis. For a constant biofuel output, the main cost driver is the feed stream of biomass, which decreases with an improved overall sugar yield after pretreatment. Furthermore, above a threshold value, specific fuel costs increase strongly with carbon loss. As a result, a minimal yield of 40% carbohydrates from wood seems to be the limit of viable production in the processes that were considered. We therefore developed a facile strategy to assess the performance of pretreatment and hydrolysis in biomass processing © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chem. Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileGlucose-derived bio-fuel additive via ethanolysis catalyzed by zinc modified sulfonated carbon, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is Glucose derived additive ethanolysis zinc modified sulfonated carbon.

The transformation of biomass derivative components such as glucose to levulinate esters via direct conversion in alc. with acid catalyst has attracted great attention. In this study, the sulfonate urea-furfural carbon cryogel doped with zinc (UFCS-Zn) has been applied as an acid catalyst for the glucose ethanolysis reaction. Initially, the carbon cryogel was prepared via a mixing process of urea and furfural in an acidic medium followed by freeze-drying and calcination steps. Then, the urea-furfural carbon cryogel (UFC) was sulfonated before modification with zinc via impregnation of zinc (II) nitrate to provide the Bronsted and Lewis acid catalyst which is required for reaction conversion. The effects of reaction parameters on the ethanolysis of glucose have been conducted to determine the selected condition in obtaining high Et levulinate yield. The parameters studied include the glucose feed (0.2 to 0.5 g), catalyst loading (0.15 to 1.2 g), and reaction temperature (140 to 190°C). The catalyst was characterized using TGA-DTG, FTIR, and SEM-EDX techniques to study the surface chem. and thermal stability. The glucose ethanolysis reaction with UFCS-Zn catalyst has provided maximum Et levulinate yield of 27.4 mol% at selected condition of 180°C, 6 h, 0.8 g (1:2) of catalyst and 0.4 g of glucose. Based on characterization of UFCS-Zn, the presence of sulfonate group and Zn element on the catalyst through the sulfonation and impregnation steps have been verified. This result has been confirmed through the detection of SO3H functional group and Zn-O bonding from the FTIR, and elements of S, O, and Zn from the EDX. High thermal stability of the UFCS-Zn (via TGA-DTG curves) allows the catalyst to assist the reaction at setting temperature without degradation in mass during the reaction. The UFCS-Zn catalyst has drafted its potential as catalyst for further conversion of biomass components.

Materials Today: Proceedings published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ji, Na published the artcileCatalytic transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone over supported MoS2 catalysts, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is catalytic transfer hydrogenation ethyl levulinate valerolactone supported MoS2 catalyst.

The hydrogenation of levulinate esters to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is an important step in the transformation of biomass into biofuels. It is attractive to develop new efficient systems for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of levulinate esters to value-added GVL. In this work, a series of MoS2-based supported catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method for the CTH of biomass-derived Et levulinate (EL) to GVL. By comprehensive characterization and catalytic measurements, we found that the CTH activity of EL to GVL is closely related to the MoS2 morphol. and acid distribution on the support. Among the catalysts with different supports, the AC support with abundant Lewis acid sites and large surface area facilitated the high dispersion of low stacked MoS2 slabs, and the MoS2-acid synergistic catalysis contributed to the superior activity and selectivity. The conversion of EL and the selectivity of GVL reached 97.2% and 91.2% under optimized conditions over the MoS2/AC catalyst (230°C, 1 MPa H2, 1.5 h), resp. We also conducted reaction kinetic experiments to reveal the relationship between the active site of the MoS2/AC catalyst and its catalytic performance, and the plausible reaction pathway and mechanism over MoS2/AC was proposed. The catalytic performance gradually declined during recycling tests due to the oxidation of MoS2 and can be easily recovered by resulfuration.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Zhuo published the artcilePhysical-chemical properties and engine performance of blends of biofuels with gasoline, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biofuel gasoline blend engine performance phys chem property.

Addition of 10 vol% biomass-based Me levulinate (ML), Et levulinate (EL), Bu levulinate (BL), gamma-valerolactone (GVL), di-Me carbonate (DimC), and di-Et carbonate (DieC) in gasoline were selected as blended fuels. Phys.-chem. properties of six different blends of biofuels and gasoline, including miscibility, octane number, distillation, vapor pressure, unwashed gum content, solvent washed gum content, copper corrosiveness, water content, mech. admixtures, and lower heating value was evaluated according to the China National Standards Blended fuels were then evaluated on the performance and emissions of a gasoline test engine without any modification. The results showed that all biomass-based fuels at 10 vol% have good miscibility in gasoline at temperatures of -30 to 30°C. Experiments were performed at 4500 rpm engine speed at different engine loads (from 10% to 100% in 10% intervals). Results showed slightly lower engine power at different loads with the blended fuels than those from gasoline fuelled engine. However, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with the blended fuels was slightly higher than that from gasoline. Emission of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) was reduced significantly from the blended fuels compared to gasoline while carbon dioxide (CO2) emission was slightly higher than that from gasoline. The data suggests that 10 vol% addition of biomass-based levulinates and carbonates fuels to gasoline is suitable for use in gasoline engines.

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Karnjanakom, Surachai published the artcileRapid Transformation of Furfural to Biofuel Additive Ethyl Levulinate with In Situ Suppression of Humins Promoted by an Acidic-Oxygen Environment, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is furfural biofuel additive levulinate humin acidic oxygen environment.

Sustainable production of biofuel additive Et levulinate (EL) from biomass-derived furfural (FF) is an interesting way owing to its application in improving the diesel combustion process without the expense of octane number In this study, a stable mesoporous SO3H@Ni-Al catalyst prepared via facile a hydrothermal-functionalization process was characterized and applied for ultrasound-assisted transformation of FF into EL using ethanol as a hydrogen donor. Interestingly, the formation of humins in the mixture solution and on the catalyst surface was effectively suppressed after introduction of an oxygen environment, resulting from an oxidative degradation reaction. The optimization process was carried out under catalyst acidity, ultrasonic power generation, and statistical design. As desired, a high yield of EL (~97%, Ea = 25.95 kJ/mol) without humins’ formation was well achieved in a shorter reaction time (95 min) and at a low reaction temperature (112°C), compared with a previous conventional reaction. Moreover, the introduction of oxygen strongly promoted the catalyst reusability with a slight reduction in its catalytic behavior, while selectivity/distribution in the liquid product had slight differentiation.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics