Rogers, E. F. published the artcileThe structure and toxicity of DDT insecticides, Computed Properties of 5340-78-3, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1953), 2991-9, database is CAplus.
A novel steric effect for diphenylmethanes which have a bulky substituent on the α-C atom, based on the consideration of a Fisher-Hirschfelder model of Ph2CHCMe3 (I), is postulated and generalized as follows: In compounds having on 1 C atom 2 or 3 planar groups and a group sufficiently large to hinder the rotation of the planar groups, although capable of rotation itself, the planar group will tend to positions of maximum clearance, i.e., to positions corresponding to the sides of a trihedral angle; this steric effect is termed trihedralization. In I the only rotation possible is that of the Me3C group. With DDT a more complex situation arises, since it is possible to rotate 1 large group, either a p-ClC6H4 or the CCl3 group, about the central C atom. Since rotation of the CCl3 group appears to involve less strain, it is assumed that DDT has a configuration similar to that suggested for I. If the CCl3 group of DDT has, as one of its functions, the trihedralization of the (p-ClC6H4)2CH moiety, replacement of this group with other trihedralizing groups may give effective insecticides. (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCMe3 (II) was found to have insecticidal activity of the same order as the DDT analog methoxychlor [(p-MeOC6H4)2CHCCl3]. The structure-activity relationships have been explored by tests of many related, new compounds A significant lack of activity was observed with (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCH2CMe3 (III) and [(p-ClC6H4)2CHNMe3]Br (IV). It is concluded that the basic structural requirement for insecticidal activity of the DDT type is a diphenylmethyl moiety substituted at the p,p’-positions by halogen, MeO, or Me, and joined at the central C atom to a relatively nonpolar group of sufficient bulk to hinder the rotation of the aryl rings. A flattened (trihedralized) configuration of the diphenylmethyl moiety is thereby produced, similar to the steroids in shape and length. Mol. compounds with steroids are proposed as a mechanism for transport of DDT insecticides to fatty tissue. The toxicities of DDT-type compounds can be related to the possibility of combination with steroids. Me3CCO2Et (65 g.) in Et2O added to p-MeOC6H4MgBr (from 200 g. p-MeOC6H4Br) in Et2O at 0°, the mixture warmed to room temperature, let stand 16 hrs., refluxed 4 hrs., hydrolyzed with 200 cc. 25% aqueous NH4Cl, the Et2O layer dried with Na2SO4, evaporated, the semisolid orange residue (146 g.) dissolved in boiling petr. ether, the solution cooled slowly, the crude (p-MeOC6H4)2 (3.0 g.), m. 62-95° (recrystallized, m. 171-2°), filtered off, and the filtrate chilled gave 118 g. (78%) crude (p-MeOC6H4)2C(OH)CMe3 (V), m. 66-76°; m. 81-3° (from petr. ether). V could not be prepared from Me3CMgCl with (p-MeOC6H4)2CO. tert-AmMgCl with (p-MeC6H4)2CO also failed to give appreciable yields of the desired alc. V (30 g.) in 100 cc. absolute EtOH, hydrogenated 3 hrs. at 250° and 6000 lb. pressure over 10 g. Ba-stabilized Cu chromite catalyst, the mixture filtered through Supercel, and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo yielded 26 g. II, m. 51-7°; recrystallized twice from petr. ether and dried over paraffin, it m. 59-61°. II (8.5 g.) and 20 g. pyridine-HCl refluxed 6 hrs. at 220° bath temperature, and the mixture cooled and treated with H2O yielded 5.0 g. (66%) (p-HOC6H4)2CHCMe3 (VI), m. 163-4° (from C6H6). Me3CCHO (3.5 g.) added at 0-5° to 50 cc. concentrated H2SO4 and 50 cc. glacial AcOH, the mixture treated portionwise during 20 min. with 7.5 g. PhOH, let stand 2.5 hrs. at 0-5°, poured on ice, the crude precipitate (2.9 g.), m. 124-36°, extract with 10% NaOH, and the extract acidified gave VI, m. 158-60° (from C6H6). SOCl2 (16.5 g.) added dropwise with stirring to 30 g. V in 50 cc. PhMe at 0°, the mixture stirred 2 hrs. at 10°, let stand overnight at room temperature, the SOCl2 removed, and the residue chilled gave 1.2 g. gray solid, m. 118-22°, possibly the rearranged chloride; the filtrate on distillation yielded 20 g. (71%) (p-MeOC6H4)2CMeCMe:CH2 (VII), colorless viscous oil, b1 165-71°, b9 208-9°, n25D 1.5738, d25 1.075, reacted instantly with KMnO4 and with Br. VII hydrogenated in EtOH at room temperature over Pd-C catalyst yielded 64% (p-MeOC6H4)2CMeCHMe2 (VIII), m. 100-2° (from EtOH). VIII demethylated in refluxing HBr-AcOH gave (p-HOC6H6)2CMeCHMe2, m. 157-8°. The HCl-catalyzed condensation of PhOH and Me2CHAc gave after 1 month at room temperature 9% p-HOC6H4CHMeCMe2C6H4OH-p (IX), m. 198-9°. IX methylated with Me2SO4 and alkali and the product washed with Claisen alkali gave the di-Me ether of IX, b7 200-10°, n25D 1.5670, d25 1.066. Me3CCO2Et treated with PhMgBr yielded 53% Ph2C(OH)CMe3 (X), b1 155-61°, n25D 1.5745, d25 1.054. Reduction of X yielded Ph2CHCMe3 (XI). Into XI (11.2 g.) in 200 cc. CCl4 heated with 1 g. powd. Fe to 70° was introduced 18 g. Br below the surface of the liquid in the dark during 3.5 hrs. and the mixture stirred 2 hrs. at 70°, let stand overnight at room temperature, washed with 10% alkali, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated to leave 17.2 g. crude oil; distillation of a 16-g. portion of the oil gave 0.8 g. distillate at 150-64°/< 1 mm., 4 g. at 164-7°/< 1 mm., and 5 g. at 183-7°/< 1 mm.; identical runs with a Br-addition time of 4 hrs. and subsequent reaction for 7 hrs. at 55° gave 63% distillate, b1 200-5°, n25D 1.6012, which afforded 24% (p-BrC6H4)2CHCMe3 (XII), crystals, m. 83°. XI (45 g.) and 1 g. powd. Fe in 150 cc. CCl4 treated 3 hrs. at 0-5° in the dark with Cl, the mixture packed in ice, allowed to warm up slowly overnight, washed with dilute H2SO4, and aqueous NaHCO3, dried, and the solvent removed in vacuo gave 61 g. light yellow oil; distillation of a 51-g. sample of the crude oil gave 16.2 g. distillate, b1 160-7°; 20.2 g., b1 167-9°; and 8.6 g., b1 174-87°; the 1st 2 fractions are impure (p-ClC6H4)2CHCMe3. Concentrated HNO3 (d. 1.42)(27 cc.) and 30 cc. concentrated H2SO4 added to 33.6 g. XI at 40-50°, the mixture heated 2 hrs. with stirring at 45-50°, poured on ice, the orange, tacky gum triturated with 5% aqueous NaHCO3, filtered, the insoluble sticky powder milled with Et2O, and the resulting white crystalline product, m. 135-40°, (36 g.) recrystallized from 300 cc. EtOH gave (p-O2NC6H4)2CHCMe3, m. 145-7°, reduced in EtOH at room temperature with Pt catalyst to (p-H2NC6H4)2CHCMe3, m. 144° (from Et2O-petr. ether). p-FC6H4MgBr and Me3CCO2Et yielded 41% (p-FC6H4)2C(OH)CMe3 (XIV), m. 76-7° (from petr. ether). XIV hydrogenated over Cu chromite gave 87% (p-FC6H4)2CHCMe3 (XV), m. 40-50°, m. 52-5° after distillation at 110-12°/<1 mm., highly soluble in the common organic solvents. p-MeC6H4MgBr and Me3CCO2Et gave (p-MeC6H4)2C(OH)CMe3, b1 165-71°, n25 D 1.5640, d25 1.021; redistilled, it b0.5 151-3°, and was reduced to 77% (p-MeC6H4)2CHCMe3 (XVI), b1, 128°, n25D 1.5528, d25 0.959. XVI (12 g.) hydrogenated at 250° and 3500 lb. pressure 7 hrs. over Raney Ni gave 8 g. 1-p-tolyl-1-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-2,2-dimethylpropane, b0.5 122-4°, n25D 1.5090, d25 0.915. The crude carbinol obtained from p-MeC6H4MgBr and Me2CHCO2Et was dehydrated by heating with iodine 3 hrs. at 100° to 60% (over-all) (p-MeC6H4)2C:CMe2, b8 160°, m. 46-7°, which was reduced to 80% (p-MeC6H4)2CHCHMe2, m. 48-9° (from MeOH). The crude carbinol from p-MeC6H4MgBr and 2,4-Me2C6H3COCHMe2 gave similarly 45% p-MeC6H4(2,4-Me2C6H3)C:CMe2, b6 167-8°, n25D 1.5717, d25 0.965, quantitatively reduced to p-MeC6H4(2,4-Me2C6H3)CHCHMe2, b5 158°, n25D 1.5528, d25, 0.960. [p-MeOC6H4C(OH)Me]2, m. 192-3°, was reduced to 40% meso(p-MeOC6H4CHMe)2, m. 138° (from petr. ether). PhOMe (162 g.) treated with 266 g. AlCl3, the complex saturated with dry HCl at 0°, treated dropwise with 36 g. Me2CHCHO at 0° during 1 hr., the solution warmed to room temperature overnight, poured on ice, the organic layer washed with aqueous NaHCO3, steam-distilled to remove 90 cc. PhOMe, and the residual oil fractionated yielded 56% (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCHMe2 (XVII), b1 177-81°. The AlCl3-catalyzed condensation of PhOMe and Me3CCH2CHMeCH2CHO yielded 30% (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCH2CHMeCH2CMe3, b1 190-6°, n25D 1.5568, d25 1.080. Me3CCH2CO2Et (XVIII), b105 85-6°, n25D 1.4020, was prepared in good yield by conversion of diisobutylene to Me3CCH2Ac, which was oxidized with hypobromite to Me3CCH2CO2H, and this esterified with EtOH. XVIII treated with p-MeOC6H4MgBr gave (p-MeOC6H4)2C(OH)CH2CMe3 (XIX), m. 78-9° (from C6H6-Skellysolve D), reduced to 75% (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCH2CMe3 (XX), m. 57-8° (from petr. ether). Me3CMgCl and p-MeOC6H4CHO yielded 77% p-MeOC6H4CH(OH)CMe3, b12 140°, m. 41-2°, which was reduced to 77% p-MeOC6H4CH2CMe3, b10 105-6°, n25D 1.4953. Me3CMgCl and p-MeOC6H4Ac yielded 60% p-MeOC6H4CMe(OH)CMe3, b13 140-6°, m. 93-4° (from Me2CO), reduced to 60% p-MeOC6H4CHMeCMe3, b8 102-10°. (p-MeOC6H4)2CHCN, m. 154-5° (prepared from p-MeOC6H4CH(OH)CN and PhOMe in the presence of BF3), with excess MeMgI, the mixture hydrolyzed, and the neutral fraction distilled yielded 48% (p-MeOC6H4CH2)2CHAc (XXI), b3 218-21°, m. 66-8°; oxime, m. 118-35° (from CHCl3). (p-ClC6H4)2CHBr treated with anhydrous Me3N in MeCN at -10°, and the crude product dried in a vacuum desiccator and recrystallized from Me2CO-petr. ether gave IV, m. 185-7°. The following compounds have been tested as contact insecticides with German cockroaches and milkweed bugs, as fabric protectants with clothes-moth and carpet-beetle larvae, and as larvicides with mosquito larvae: I, II, IV, XII, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XX, methoxychlor, (p-MeOC6H4)2CH2, and (p-MeOC6H4)2CHMe. The results are tabulated.
Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Computed Properties of 5340-78-3.
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