Category: 26662-94-2

A Benzene-Mapping Approach for Uncovering Cryptic Pockets in Membrane-Bound Proteins was written by Zuzic, Lorena;Marzinek, Jan K.;Warwicker, Jim;Bond, Peter J.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation in 2020.SDS of cas: 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mol. dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with small organic probes present in the solvent have previously been used as a method to reveal cryptic pockets that may not have been identified in exptl. structures. The authors report such a method implemented within the CHARMM force field using the GROMACS simulation package to effectively explore cryptic pockets on the surfaces of membrane-embedded proteins using benzene as a probe mol. This method, for which the authors have made implementation files freely available, relies on modified nonbonded parameters in addition to repulsive potentials between membrane lipids and benzene mols. The method was tested on part of the outer shell of the dengue virus (DENV), for which research into a safe and effective neutralizing antibody or drug mol. is still ongoing. In particular, the envelope (E) protein, associated with the membrane (M) protein, is a lipid membrane-embedded complex which forms a dimer in the mature viral envelope. Solvent mapping was performed for the full, membrane-embedded EM protein complex and compared with similar calculations performed for the isolated, soluble E protein ectodomain dimer in the solvent. Ectodomain-only simulations with benzene exhibited unfolding effects not observed in the more physiol. relevant membrane-associated systems. A cryptic pocket which has been exptl. shown to bind n-octyl-尾-D-glucoside detergent was consistently revealed in all benzene-containing simulations. The addition of benzene also enhanced the flexibility and hydrophobic exposure of cryptic pockets at a key, functional interface in the E protein and revealed a novel, potentially druggable pocket that may be targeted to prevent conformational changes associated with viral entry into the cell. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2SDS of cas: 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mild adsorption of carbon nitride (C₃N₃) nanosheet on a cellular membrane reveals its suitable biocompatibility was written by Lin, Guojun;Duan, Mengru;Perez-Aguilar, Jose Manuel;Gu, Zonglin;Tu, Yusong. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2021.Related Products of 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Recently, the novel hole-containing carbon nitride C3N3 nanomaterial was successfully synthesized, featuring outstanding and unique mech. and elec. properties. However, to fully exploit this nanomaterial in biomedical applications, information regarding its biocompatibility is necessary. Herein, by using all-atom mol. dynamics simulations, we evaluate the interactions between a C3N3 nanosheet and a critical cellular component, i.e., a lipid membrane bilayer. Our results indicate that the C3N3 nanosheet is able to interact with the lipid bilayer surface without affecting the membranes structural integrity. Moreover, our results showed that the C3N3 nanosheet is adsorbed on the surface of the lipid bilayer without inflicting any structural damage to the membrane, regardless of the conditions of the system (i.e., with and without restrains in the C3N3 nanosheet). Also, we found that both energy contributions, namely vdW and Coulomb energies, conjointly mediated the C3N3 adsorption process. In comparison and as expected, pristine graphene significantly disturbed the membrane structure. Perpendicularly-oriented-sheet simulations described the significance of the surface charges of the C3N3 nanosheet in prohibiting its insertion into the membrane. Detailed anal. indicated that the electrostatic attraction between the pores in the C3N3 structure and the lipid head amino groups stabilized the interaction restricting the insertion of the C3N3 structure deeper into the membrane. Our results suggested the importance of the neg. charged C3N3 pores when interacting with lipid membranes. Our findings shed light on the potential compatibility of C3N3 with biomembranes and its underlying mol. mechanism, which might provide a useful foundation for the future exploration of this 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Related Products of 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

pH dependent electrical properties of the inner- and outer- leaflets of biomimetic cell membranes was written by Silin, Vitalii I.;Hoogerheide, David P.. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2021.Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Composition and asymmetry of lipid membranes provide a means for regulation of trans-membrane permeability of ions and small mols. The pH dependence of these processes plays an important role in the functioning and survival of cells. In this work, we study the pH dependence of membrane elec. resistance and capacitance using electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements of biomimetic tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs). tBLMs were prepared with single-component phospholipid compositions, as well as mixtures of phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol) that mimic the inner- and outer- leaflets of plasma cell membranes. We found that all studied tBLMs have a resistance maximum at pHs near the pK_as of the phospholipids. SPR and NR indicated that surface concentration of phospholipids and the thickness of the hydrophobic part of the membrane did not change vs. pH. We postulate that these maxima are the result of protonation of the phosphate oxygen of the phospholipids and that hydronium ions play a major role in the conductance at pHs < pKas while sodium ions play the major role at pHs > pK_as. An addnl. sharp resistance maximum of the PE tBLMs found at pH 5.9 and most likely represents the phosphatidylethanolamine’s isoelec. point. The data show the key roles of the characteristic parts of phospholipid mols.: terminal group (choline, carboxyl, amine), phosphate, glycerol and ester oxygens on the permeability and selectivity of ions through the membrane. The interactions between these groups lead to significant differences in the elec. properties of biomimetic models of inner- and outer- leaflets of the plasma cell membranes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ceramide synthase 6 mediates sex-specific metabolic response to dietary folic acid in mice was written by Barron, Keri;Ogretmen, Besim;Krupenko, Natalia. And the article was included in Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Folic acid-fortified foods and multi-vitamin supplements containing folic acid (FA) are widely used around the world, but the exact mechanisms/metabolic effects of FA are not precisely identified. We have demonstrated that Ceramide Synthase 6 (CerS6) and C16:0-ceramide mediate response to folate stress in cultured cells. Here we investigated the dietary FA effects on mouse liver metabolome, with a specific focus on sphingolipids, CerS6 and C16:0-ceramide. Wild-type and CerS6-/- mice were fed FA-deficient, control, or FA over-supplemented diets for 4 wk. After dietary treatment, liver concentrations of ceramides, sphingomyelins and hexosylceramides were measured by LC-MS/MS and complemented by untargeted metabolomic characterization of mouse livers. Our study shows that alterations in dietary FA elicit multiple sphingolipid responses mediated by CerS6 in mouse livers. Folic acid-deficient diet elevated C14:0-, C18:0- and C20:0- but not C16:0-ceramide in WT male and female mice. Addnl., FA over-supplementation increased multiple sphingomyelin species, including total sphingomyelins, in both sexes. Of note, concentrations of C14:0- and C16:0-ceramides and hexosylceramides were significantly higher in female livers than in male. The latter were increased by FD diet, with no difference between sexes in total pools of these sphingolipid classes. Untargeted liver metabolomic anal. concurred with the targeted measurements and showed broad effects of dietary FA and CerS6 status on multiple lipid classes including sex-specific effects on phosphatidylethanolamines and diacylglycerols. Our study demonstrates that both dietary FA and CerS6 status exhibit pleiotropic and sex-dependent effects on liver metabolism, including hepatic sphingolipids, diacylglycerols, long chain fatty acids, and phospholipids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ball-and-chain inactivation in a calcium-gated potassium channel was written by Fan, Chen;Sukomon, Nattakan;Flood, Emelie;Rheinberger, Jan;Allen, Toby W.;Nimigean, Crina M.. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2020.SDS of cas: 26662-94-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Inactivation is the process by which ion channels terminate ion flux through their pores while the opening stimulus is still present. In neurons, inactivation of both sodium and potassium channels is crucial for the generation of action potentials and regulation of firing frequency. A cytoplasmic domain of either the channel or an accessory subunit is thought to plug the open pore to inactivate the channel via a ‘ball-and-chain’ mechanism. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to identify the mol. gating mechanism in calcium-activated potassium channels by obtaining structures of the MthK channel from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum-a purely calcium-gated and inactivating channel-in a lipid environment. In the absence of Ca²⁺, we obtained a single structure in a closed state, which was shown by atomistic simulations to be highly flexible in lipid bilayers at ambient temperature, with large rocking motions of the gating ring and bending of pore-lining helixes. In Ca²⁺-bound conditions, we obtained several structures, including multiple open-inactivated conformations, further indication of a highly dynamic protein. These different channel conformations are distinguished by rocking of the gating rings with respect to the transmembrane region, indicating symmetry breakage across the channel. Furthermore, in all conformations displaying open channel pores, the N terminus of one subunit of the channel tetramer sticks into the pore and plugs it, with free energy simulations showing that this is a strong interaction. Deletion of this N terminus leads to functionally non-inactivating channels and structures of open states without a pore plug, indicating that this previously unresolved N-terminal peptide is responsible for a ball-and-chain inactivation mechanism. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2SDS of cas: 26662-94-2).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 26662-94-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An imbalanced ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0) revealed by lipidomics supports the role of the Lands cycle in ischemic brain injury was written by Zheng, Lifeng;Xie, Chengbin;Zheng, Ju;Dong, Qiangrui;Si, Tengxiao;Zhang, Jing;Hou, Sheng-Tao. And the article was included in Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Promoting brain recovery after stroke is challenging as a plethora of inhibitory mols. are produced in the brain preventing it from full healing. Moreover, the full scope of inhibitory mols. produced is not well understood. Here, using a high-sensitivity UPLC-MS-based shotgun lipidomics strategy, we semiquantitively measured the differential lipid contents in the mouse cerebral cortex recovering from a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The lipidomic data were interrogated using the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method involving principal component anal. (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA). Statistics of the 578 confirmed lipids revealed 84 species were differentially changed during MCAO/reperfusion. The most dynamic changes in lipids occurred between 1 and 7 days post-MCAO, whereas concentrations had subsided to the Sham group level at 14 and 28 days post-MCAO. Quant. analyses revealed a strong monotonic relationship between the reduction in phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/16:0) and the increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(16:0) levels (Spearman’s Rs = -0.86) during the 1 to 7 days reperfusion period. Inhibition of cPLA2 prevented changes in the ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0), indicating altered Land’s cycle of PC. A series of in vitro studies showed that LPC(16:0), but not PC(16:0/16:0), was detrimental to the integrity of neuronal growth cones and neuronal viability through evoking intracellular calcium influx. In contrast, PC(16:0/16:0) significantly suppressed microglial secretion of IL-1尾 and TNF-伪, limiting neuroinflammation pathways. Together, these data support the role of the imbalanced ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0), maintained by Lands’ cycle, in neuronal damage and microglia-mediated inflammatory response during ischemic recovery. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.COA of Formula: C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecular Dynamics Evaluation of the Effect of Cholinium Phenylalaninate Biocompatible Ionic Liquid on Biomimetic Membranes was written by Kumari, Monika;Gupta, Aditya;Shobhna;Kashyap, Hemant K.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2020.Electric Literature of C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Toward the search of sustainable green solvents, choline amino acid ([Ch][AA]) ionic liquids (ILs), mainly derived from renewable feedstocks, have emerged as a promising atoxic alternative to the conventional solvents. Recent studies have shown the remarkably benign nature of cholinium-based ILs against biomimetic phospholipid membranes. However, few of the contemporaneous exptl. studies have contradicted the aforesaid ecofriendly nature of these ILs with anions comprising longer alkyl or aromatic tails. Aiming to understand the influence of amino acid side-chain variation in a particular bio-IL on biomembranes, herein, the authors have evaluated the effect of cholinium phenylalaninate ([Ch][Phe]) IL on the structural stability of homogeneous biomimetic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) lipid bilayers using atomistic mol. dynamics simulations. Although the authors observe spontaneous intercalation of aromatic rings of [Phe]^– anions in the hydrophobic region of the bilayers, the polar backbone of the anion remains coordinated with the lipid polar part through strong electrostatic and H-bonding interactions. Besides, the [Ch]⁺ cations get accumulated at the lipid-water interface to counter the excess neg. charge d. The intercalation of the anionic rings causes significant perturbations in the lipid structural arrangement while still maintaining the bilayer integrity. The quant. evaluation to probe the deteriorating effect of this bio-IL application establishes anions as the principal component causing the observed structural perturbations. The anal. of the structural properties along with the free energy assessment reveals the higher efficacy of [Ch][Phe] bio-IL to perturb the POPE bilayer structure than the POPC bilayer. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Electric Literature of C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Microsecond molecular dynamics studies of cholesterol-mediated myelin sheath degeneration in early Alzheimers disease was written by Gupta, Mayuri;Weaver, Donald F.. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2022.Safety of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cholesterol-mediated perturbations of membrane structural integrity are key early events in the mol. pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). In AD, protein misfolding (proteopathy) and pro-inflammatory conditions (immunopathy) culminate in neuronal death, a process enabled by altered membrane biophys. properties which render neurons more susceptible to proteopathic and immunopathic cytotoxicities. Since cholesterol is a principal neuronal membrane lipid, normal cholesterol homeostasis is central to membrane health; also, since increased cholesterol composition is especially present in neuronal myelin sheath (i.e. brain “white matter”), recent studies have not surprisingly revealed that white matter atrophy precedes the conventional biomarkers of AD (amyloid plaques, tau tangles). Employing extensive microsecond all-atom mol. dynamics simulations, we investigated biophys. and mech. properties of myelin sheath membrane as a function of cholesterol mole fraction (蠂CHL). Impaired 蠂CHL modulates multiple bilayer properties, including surface area per lipid (APL), chain order, number and mass d. profiles, area compressibility and bending moduli, bilayer thickness, lipid tilt angles, H-bonding interactions and tail interdigitation. The increased orientational ordering of both palmitoyl and oleoyl chains in model healthy myelin sheath (HMS) membranes illustrates the condensing effect of cholesterol. With an increase in 蠂CHL, number d. profiles of water tend to attain bulk water number d. more quickly, indicating shrinkage in the interfacial region with increasing 蠂CHL. The average tilt value is 11.5掳 for the C10-C13 angle in cholesterol and 64.2掳 for the P-N angle in POPC lipids in HMS. These calculations provide a mol.-level understanding of myelin sheath susceptibility to pathol. as an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Safety of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Safety of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stairway to Asymmetry: Five Steps to Lipid-Asymmetric Proteoliposomes was written by Markones, Marie;Fippel, Anika;Kaiser, Michael;Drechsler, Carina;Hunte, Carola;Heerklotz, Heiko. And the article was included in Biophysical Journal in 2020.Formula: C39H76NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Membrane proteins are embedded in a complex lipid environment that influences their structure and function. One key feature of nearly all biol. membranes is a distinct lipid asymmetry. However, the influence of membrane asymmetry on proteins is poorly understood, and novel asym. proteoliposome systems are beneficial. To the authors’ knowledge, the authors present the first study on a multispanning protein incorporated in large unilamellar liposomes showing a stable lipid asymmetry. These asym. proteoliposomes contain the Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter NhaA from Salmonella Typhimurium. Asymmetry was introduced by partial, outside-only exchange of anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG), mimicking this key asymmetry of bacterial membranes. Outer-leaflet and total fractions of PG were determined via 味-potential (味) measurements after lipid exchange and after scrambling of asymmetry. 味-Values were in good agreement with exclusive outside localization of PG. The electrogenic Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter was active in asym. liposomes, and reconstitution and generation of asymmetry were successful. Lipid asymmetry was stable for >7 days at 23掳 and thus enabled characterization of the Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter in an asym. lipid environment. The authors present and validate a simple five-step protocol that addresses key steps to be taken and pitfalls to be avoided for the preparation of asym. proteoliposomes: (1) optimization of desired lipid composition, (2) detergent-mediated protein reconstitution with subsequent detergent removal, (3) generation of lipid asymmetry by partial exchange of outer-leaflet lipid, (4) verification of lipid asymmetry and stability, and (5) determination of protein activity in the asym. lipid environment. This work offers guidance in designing asym. proteoliposomes that will enable researchers to compare functional and structural properties of membrane proteins in sym. and asym. lipid environments. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Formula: C39H76NO8P).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C39H76NO8P

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The influence of ergosterol on the action of the hop oil and its major terpenes on model fungi membranes. Towards understanding the mechanism of action of phytocompounds for food and plant protection was written by Polec, Karolina;Olechowska, Karolina;Klejdysz, Amanda;Dymek, Michal;Rachwalik, Rafal;Sikora, Elzbieta;Hac-Wydro, Katarzyna. And the article was included in Chemistry and Physics of Lipids in 2021.Quality Control of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of this work was to find the correlation between the content of ergosterol in fungi membrane and the action of the hop essential oil, myrcene and humulene on its properties. To reach this goal, the monolayers and bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyethanol amine and ergosterol, differing in the concentration of sterol, were used as model membrane systems. The impact of the essential oil and its major terpenes on one component ergosterol film was also investigated. It was found that pure isolated terpenes, in contrast to the hop oil being the mixture of them, do not incorporate into pure ergosterol membrane, however, they cause the loss of monolayer material from the interface. These results are in contrast to the effect of these terpenes on phospholipid films reported previously and they may suggest a strong effect of ergosterol on the behavior of terpenes in the mixed systems. Surprisingly, for model membranes, the effect of myrcene was qual. similar to the effect of the hop oil and ergosterol was found to regulate the incorporation of both these substances into the film. In contrast, very strong correlation between ergosterol content and the action of humulene was found. Namely, the ability of humulene to change model membrane properties was found to increase with ergosterol concentration Addnl., the differentiating effect of ergosterol on humulene action in membranes was much more pronounced than for myrcene or the hop oil. Interestingly, at the highest ergosterol level the influence of humulene was even stronger than the effect of the hop oil. This is very important finding suggesting that ergosterol may regulate the sensitivity of particular membrane to the impact of humulene. Summarizing, ergosterol substantially differentiates the effect of the hop oil, myrcene and humulene on the lipid systems and it can be the mol. important for antifungal effect of the essential oil and terpenes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2Quality Control of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate).

(2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate (cas: 26662-94-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of (2R,9Z)-1-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-3-(palmitoyloxy)propan-2-yl oleate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics