Category: 2044-85-1

Vaglienti, Maria V. published the artcileQuantification of reactive oxygen species using 2′,7’dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe and flow-cytometry in muller Glial cells, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is muller glial cell ROS DCFHDA probe.

The redox balance has an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes the modification of proteins, lipids, and DNA, which finally may lead to alteration in cellular function and cell death. Therefore, it is beneficial for cells to increase their antioxidant defense in response to detrimental insults, either by activating an antioxidant pathway like Keap1/Nrf2 or by improving redox scavengers (vitamins A, C, and E, β-carotene, and polyphenols, among others). Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of retinopathies, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Since Muller glial cells (MGCs) play a key role in the homeostasis of neural retinal tissue, they are considered an ideal model to study these cellular protective mechanisms. In this sense, quantifying ROS levels with a reproducible and simple method is essential to assess the contribution of pathways or mols. that participate in the antioxidant cell defense mechanism. In this article, we provide a complete description of the procedures required for the measurement of ROS with DCFH-DA probe and flow cytometry in MGCs. Key steps for flow cytometry data processing with the software are provided here, so the readers will be able to measure ROS levels (geometric means of FITC) and analyze fluorescence histograms. These tools are highly helpful to evaluate not only the increase in ROS after a cellular insult but also to study the antioxidant effect of certain mols. that can provide a protective effect on the cells.

Journal of Visualized Experiments published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tsakanova, Gohar published the artcileTwo-photon imaging of oxidative stress in living erythrocytes as a measure for human aging, SDS of cas: 2044-85-1, the main research area is oxidative stress erythrocyte two photon laser light microscopy.

According to the “”oxidative stress theory”” of aging, this process is accompanied by a progressive and irreversible accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This, in turn, has a deleterious impact on mol. mechanisms in aging thereby altering the physiol. function of the organism, increasing the risk of different aging-related diseases, as well as impacting the life span. The aim of the current study was to investigate oxidative stress in living red blood cells (RBCs) in human aging as an oxidative stress-related pathol. condition. Two-photon laser scanning and light microscopy techniques were applied to analyze the oxidative stress in RBCs and the cell viability. Spectrophotometric analyzes were performed to determine the percentage of RBC hemolysis, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in RBCs, as well as the ferroxidase activities of ceruloplasmin in blood plasma samples. The studies included three human aging groups, young, middle-aged, and elderly. According to the results, the two-photon fluorescence of carboxy-DCFDA, indicating the intensity of oxidative stress, significantly increase in RBCs by the increase of age (P < 0.05), and these intensities are in statistically significant pos. correlation with age (P < 0.001) and a strong neg. correlation (P < 0.05) with the activity of catalase in RBCs and ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in plasma. In conclusion, two-photon fluorescent imaging of oxidative stress in human living RBCs is a valuable and accurate method for the determination of aging processes in humans and can be suggested as a novel indicator for human aging processes in individual aging. Biomedical Optics Express published new progress about Blood plasma. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, SDS of cas: 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Qian, Xiaoqing published the artcileHair cell uptake of gentamicin in the developing mouse utricle, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1, the main research area is gentamicin uptake utricle hair cell mouse; MET channel; endocytosis; gentamicin; hair cell; utricle.

Intratympanic injection of gentamicin has proven to be an effective therapy for intractable vestibular dysfunction. However, most studies to date have focused on the cochlea, so little is known about the distribution and uptake of gentamicin by the counterpart of the auditory system, specifically vestibular hair cells (HCs). Here, with a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we used a gentamicin-Texas Red (GTTR) conjugate to investigate the mechanisms of gentamicin vestibulotoxicity in the developing mammalian utricular HCs. In vivo, GTTR fluorescence was concentrated in the apical cytoplasm and the cellular membrane of neonatal utricular HCs, but scarce in the nucleus of HCs and supporting cells. Quant. anal. showed the GTTR uptake by striolar HCs was significantly higher than that in the extrastriola. In addition, the GTTR fluorescence intensity in the striola was increased gradually from 1 to 8 days, peaking at 8-9 days postnatally. In vitro, utricle explants were incubated with GTTR and candidate uptake conduits, including mechanotransduction (MET) channels and endocytosis in the HC, were inhibited sep. GTTR uptake by HCs could be inhibited by quinine, a blocker of MET channels, under both normal and stressed conditions. Meanwhile, endocytic inhibition only reduced GTTR uptake in the CoCl2 hypoxia model. In sum, the maturation of MET channels mediated uptake of GTTR into vestibular HCs. Under stressed conditions, MET channels play a pronounced role, manifested by channel-dependent stress enhanced GTTR permeation, while endocytosis participates in GTTR entry in a more selective manner.

Journal of Cellular Physiology published new progress about Cell nucleus. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elahi, Behrouz published the artcileBio-based synthesis of Nano-Ceria and evaluation of its bio-distribution and biological properties, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is nano ceria biol Colloidal stability antioxidant property; Antioxidant; Bio-distribution; Cytotoxicity; Green synthesis; Nano-Ceria.

Bio-based synthesis of Nano-Ceria (NC) was performed in Linum usitatissimum L.(Lu) seeds extract as capping agent. Obtained gel was calcined at 400, 500, and 600°C to investigate the effect of temperature on the size and morphol. of the particles. All samples had spherical morphol. which their crystallite size was decreased in higher temperature Products were characterized by TGA/DTA, UV-vis, FESEM, FTIR and XRD. The band gap of the prepared samples was calculated through Tauc plot in the range of 3.2-3.4 eV. The results of MTT assay confirmed that NC has been shown no significant toxicity on A549 cell line. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) was used to determine antioxidant properties of NC on A549 cell and the results showed that all concentrations of NC could reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS). NC was labeled with technetium (99mTc) for in vivo bio-distribution study in Wistar rat. Radiolabeled NC was stable in different environments of PBS buffer and human serum with radiochem. purity of more than 95% according to the instant thin layer chromatog. (ITLC) method. DLS anal. showed radiolabeled particles had small size and pleasant colloidal stability. Bio-distribution of radiolabeled NC illustrated the highest accumulation in kidneys (1 h: 5.94 ± 0.77%ID/g, 4 h: 10.95 ± 5.99%ID/g, 24 h 7.94 ± 0.36%ID/g). Moreover, low uptake of 99mTc-NC in stomach confirmed the in vivo stability of 99mTc-NC.

Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Kiok published the artcileNew 8-C-p-Hydroxylbenzylflavonol Glycosides from Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) Tendril and Their Osteoclast Differentiation Inhibitory Activities, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7, the main research area is Cucurbita tendril osteoclast differentiation osteoclastogenesis osteoprotectant; 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol; 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol glycosides; Cucurbita moschata Duch.; osteoclast differentiation inhibition; pumpkin tendril.

Six new 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol glycosides were isolated from a hot water extract of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) tendril and elucidated as 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylquercetin 3-O-rutinoside, 8-C-p-hydroxybenzoylquercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylkaempferol 3-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1â†?)-beta-D-galactopyranoside), 8-C-p-hydroxybenzoylkaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylisorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, and 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylisorhamnetin 3-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1â†?)-beta-D-galactopyranoside). Their chem. structures were determined using NMR and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (ESIMS) analyses. The 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol glycosides were found to inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM), an osteoclast progenitor. Addnl., 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol glycosides effectively reduced the expression of osteoclast-related genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, nuclear factor activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1, and dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein in RANKL-treated BMDMs. These results indicate that the 8-C-p-hydroxybenzylflavonol glycosides may be the main components responsible for the osteoclast differentiation inhibitory effect of pumpkin tendril.

Molecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Product Details of C24H14Cl2O7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chapela, Sebastian P. published the artcileN-Acetyl cysteine improves cellular growth in respiratory-deficient yeast, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is acetyl cysteine cellular growth respiratory deficient; Antioxidant effect; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Yeast.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a main factor that alters cellular physiol. and functionality. Many strategies are used in order to control excessive oxidative stress. One strategy includes the use of antioxidants like N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of this antioxidant on ROS production and cellular growth of a wild-type and a respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Using a simple system such as yeast allows oxidative stress investigations on which numerous factors are more manageable or circumscribed than in a higher organism. We grew cells in a complex medium and incubated them during 72 h. Later, cellular viability and ROS production was evaluated. ROS level was estimated by use of fluorescence signal with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). As it is found in the present work, a reducing environment exerted by NAC presence during incubation of the cells allows a respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to improve its cellular growth. It seems likely that the energy production or the phenotype which characterizes a deficient strain is incapable of palliating ROS growth inhibition while NAC helps to overcome this limitation.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Brahmi-Chendouh, Nabila published the artcileA nutraceutical extract from Inula viscosa leaves: UHPLC-HR-MS/MS based polyphenol profile, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is Inula viscosa leaf polyphenol antioxidant nutraceutical cytotoxicity UHPLC HRMS; Chromatography; Depsides; High pressure liquid; Inula; Polyphenols; Tandem mass spectrometry.

Nowadays, advanced extraction techniques and highly sensitive metabolic profiling methods are effectively employed to get new information on plant chem. constituents. Among them wild medicinal plants or their parts, with large and ancient use in folk medicine, are investigated for their potential functional use and cultivation. In this context, Inula viscosa leaves engaged our attention. A simple exptl. design, based on Soxhlet extraction and chromatog. fractionation, allowed us to obtain the investigated polyphenol fraction (IvE). UHPLC-HRMS analyses revealed shikimoyl depsides of caffeic acid and unusual dihydrobenzofuran lignans as main secondary metabolites. These compounds, together with cinchonain-type phenols, and hydroxycinnamoyl flavonol glycosides, are reported for the first time in inula. Overall, forty-three secondary metabolites were identified. The extract exerted a remarkable antiradical activity towards DPPH· and ABTS+·. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit cell viability and mitochondrial redox activity of neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma and colon carcinoma cells, whereas it did not affect cell d. of HaCaT cells immortalized human keratinocytes. As detected by the oxidant-sensing probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, the inhibitory responses seemed to be related to IvE-induced increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The obtained results highlighted that inula leaves, nowadays even undervalued and unexplored, could be considered a renewable source of nutraceutical compounds

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Safety of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Rong-Fu published the artcileSuppression of Oxygen Radicals Protects Diabetic Endothelium Damage and Tissue Perfusion in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Rodent Model, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1, the main research area is diabetic endothelium damage tissue perfusion streptozotocin.

Oxygen free radicals play a central role in diabetic angiopathy. This study investigated whether suppression of oxygen radicals could decrease endothelial damage and increase peripheral tissue circulation in a diabetic rodent model. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated using streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The experiments were performed 4 wk after diabetes induction: group 1: control, consisted of normal rats; group 2: diabetes, did not receive treatment; groups III (SOD10) and IV (SOD50): diabetes, received polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant, 10 and 50 U/kg per day i.p. for 4 wk. Each subgroup consisted of 10 rats. Oxygen radicals in blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometry. The blood lipid peroxidation byproduct malondialdehyde was measured. Tissue perfusion of hind limb was examined by laser Doppler. The expressions of oxygen radicals, as demonstrated by 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OG), and constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase in distal femoral vessels were examined by immunohistochem. staining. Oxygen radicals, as demonstrated by H2O2 with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate-conjugated expression, were significantly increased in diabetic rats. However, the SOD treatment groups significantly suppressed the H2O2 reaction. Diabetic-induced high malondialdehyde levels were significantly suppressed in the SOD50 group. The topical tissue blood perfusion was significantly increased as detected by laser Doppler in SOD10 and SOD50 groups, as compared with that in diabetes without treatment group (P < 0.05). The expression of 8-OG was markedly increased in the diabetic endothelium and subintima compared with that in normal vessels. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated SOD significantly suppressed 8-OG expression and protected endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Suppression of oxygen radicals, particularly with the higher dosage of polyethylene glycol-conjugated SOD at 50 U/kg per day, could have a pos. effect to protect against endothelial damage and enhance peripheral perfusion in diabetes. Annals of Plastic Surgery published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mostofa, Mohammad Golam published the artcileStrigolactones regulate arsenate uptake, vacuolar-sequestration and antioxidant defense responses to resist arsenic toxicity in rice roots, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is strigolactone antioxidant defense response arsenic toxicity rice root; Arsenic toxicity; Glutathione metabolism; Oxidative stress; Phosphate transporters; Rice; Strigolactones.

We explored genetic evidence for strigolactonesâ€?role in rice tolerance to arsenate-stress. Comparative analyses of roots of wild-type (WT) and strigolactone-deficient mutants d10 and d17 in response to sodium arsenate (Na2AsO4) revealed differential growth inhibition [WT (11.28%) vs. d10 (19.76%) and d17 (18.03%)], biomass reduction [(WT (33.65%) vs. d10 (74.86%) and d17 (60.65%)] and membrane damage (WT < d10 and d17) at 250 μM Na2AsO4. Microscopic and biochem. analyses showed that roots of WT accumulated lower levels of arsenic and oxidative stress indicators like reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde than those of strigolactone-deficient mutants. qRT-PCR data indicated lower expression levels of genes (OsPT1, OsPT2, OsPT4 and OsPT8) encoding phosphate-transporters in WT roots than mutant roots, explaining the decreased arsenate and phosphate uptake by WT roots. Increased levels of glutathione and OsPCS1 and OsABCC1 transcripts indicated an efficient vacuolar-sequestration of arsenic in WT roots. Furthermore, higher activities (transcript levels) of SOD (OsCuZnSOD1 and OsCuZnSOD2), APX (OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) and CAT (OsCATA) corresponded to lower oxidative damage in WT roots compared with strigolactone-mutant roots. Collectively, these results highlight that strigolactones are involved in arsenic-stress mitigation by regulating arsenate-uptake, glutathione-biosynthesis, vacuolar-sequestration of arsenic and antioxidant defense responses in rice roots. Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2',7'-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cho, Suk Ju published the artcile7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Protects High Glucose-Damaged Neuronal Cells against Oxidative Stress, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is dihydroxyflavone glucose neuronal cell damage oxidative stress; Diabetic neuropathy; High glucose; Oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic neuropathy, which is the most frequent complications of diabetes, affect sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. This study aimed to investigate whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against high glucose-induced toxicity. In the current study, we found that diabetic patients exhibited higher lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress than healthy subjects. 7,8-DHF exhibits superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. High glucose-induced toxicity severely damaged SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization; however, 7,8-DHF recovered mitochondrial polarization. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF effectively modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) under high glucose, thus inhibiting the activation of caspase signaling pathways. These results indicate that 7,8-DHF has antioxidant effects and protects cells from apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose. Thus, 7,8-DHF may be developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Biomolecules & Therapeutics published new progress about Antioxidants. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics