Category: 2044-85-1

Sundarraj, Kiruthika published the artcileFisetin, a phytopolyphenol, targets apoptotic and necroptotic cell death in HepG2 cells, HPLC of Formula: 2044-85-1, the main research area is fisetin phytopolyphenol apoptotic necroptotic cell death; apoptosis; fisetin; hepatocellular carcinoma; inflammation; necroptosis; reactive oxygen species.

Fisetin (3,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone), a bioactive dietary flavonoid, intrigued scientists for its anticancer potential against various cancer types. We investigated the fisetin-induced inhibition of growth and survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Fisetin decreased cell viability and proliferation of HepG2 cells as revealed from MTT and clonogenicity assays. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was observed Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry revealed that fisetin induced both apoptosis and necroptosis in HepG2 cells. Apoptotic cells were significantly increased on fisetin treatment as observed in morphol. evaluations and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and Acridine orange staining. Flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate analyses showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on fisetin treatment. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine inhibited ROS production and also rescued mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. The underlying mechanisms of apoptosis and necroptosis were determined by anal. of their resp. signaling mols. using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Fisetin showed a marked increase in the expression of TNFα and IKκB with a decrease in NF-κB, pNF-κB and pIKκB expression. Fisetin reduced the expression of Bcl2, and elevated levels of Bax, caspase-3, and PARP and thus induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. zVAD suppressed the fisetin-induced expression of caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL as opposed to fisetin treatment. Nec-1 + fisetin could not completely block necroptosis, which warrants further investigation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the fisetin exhibited anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 cells through apoptosis and necroptosis via multiple signaling pathways. Fiestin has potential as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.

BioFactors published new progress about Apoptosis Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, HPLC of Formula: 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kottuparambil, Sreejith published the artcileAnthracene phytotoxicity in the freshwater flagellate alga Euglena agilis Carter, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1, the main research area is Euglena agilis anthracene phytotoxicity chlorophyll.

The freshwater flagellate alga Euglena agilis Carter was exposed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) anthracene for 96 h under optimal photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and responses of growth, photosynthetic pigment production, and photosynthetic efficiency were assessed. Anthracene reduced the growth rate (μ) and levels of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and total carotenoids. The growth rate was more sensitive than photosynthetic parameters, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 4.28 mg L-1. Between 5 and 15 mg L-1, anthracene inhibited the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) and the maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate through PSII (rETRmax) with EC50 values of 14.88 and 11.8 mg L-1, resp. At all anthracene concentrations, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated, indicating increased oxidative stress. Anthracene presumably reduced the PSII efficiency of photochem. energy regulation and altered the photochem. through intracellular ROS formation. Acute exposure to PAHs may induce severe physiol. changes in phytoplankton cells, which may influence vital ecol. processes within the aquatic environments. Addnl., growth and Chl a content may serve as sensitive risk assessment parameters of anthracene toxicity in water management since EC50 values for both overlap with anthracene levels (8.3 mg L-1) permitted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

Scientific Reports published new progress about Carotenes Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Computed Properties of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mishchenko, Natalia P. published the artcileAntiviral potential of sea urchin aminated spinochromes against herpes simplex virus type 1, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Echinarachnius echinochrome echinamine herpes simplex virus infection; Vero cells; echinamine A; echinamine B; echinochrome A; glycoprotein gD; herpes simplex virus type 1; molecular docking.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens worldwide requiring the search for new candidates for the creation of antiherpetic drugs. The ability of sea urchin spinochromes-echinochrome A (EchA) and its aminated analogs, echinamines A (EamA) and B (EamB)-to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and to reduce the virus-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. We found that spinochromes exhibited maximum antiviral activity when HSV-1 was pretreated with these compounds, which indicated the direct effect of spinochromes on HSV-1 particles. EamB and EamA both showed the highest virucidal activity by inhibiting the HSV-1 plaque formation, with a selectivity index (SI) of 80.6 and 50.3, resp., and a reduction in HSV-1 attachment to cells (SI of 8.5 and 5.8, resp.). EamA and EamB considerably suppressed the early induction of ROS due to the virus infection. The ability of the tested compounds to directly bind to the surface glycoprotein, gD, of HSV-1 was established in silico. The dock score of EchA, EamA, and EamB was -4.75, -5.09, and -5.19 kcal/mol, resp., which correlated with the SI of the virucidal action of these compounds and explained their ability to suppress the attachment and penetration of the virus into the cells.

Marine Drugs published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Carrizzo, Albino published the artcileHealthberry 865 and Its Related, Specific, Single Anthocyanins Exert a Direct Vascular Action, Modulating Both Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1, the main research area is healthberry cardiovascular disease endothelial function oxidative stress; anthocyanins; cardiovascular; endothelium; oxidative stress.

In recent years, epidemiol. studies have identified a relationship between diet and cerebro-cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this regard, there is a promising dietary group for cardiovascular protection are polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. Vascular reactivity studies were performed using Healthberry 865 and constituent single anthocyanins to characterize vasomotor responses; immunofluorescence anal. with dichlorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium were used to evaluate nitric oxide and oxidative stress; lucigenin assay was used to measure NADPH oxidase activity; and gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting were used to dissect the mol. mechanisms involved. We demonstrated that Healthberry 865 exerts an important vasorelaxant effect of resistance artery functions in mice. Its action is mediated by nitric oxide release through the intracellular signaling PI3K/Akt. Moreover, behind its capability of modulating vascular tone, it also exerts an important antioxidant effect though the modulation of the NADPH oxidase enzyme. Interestingly, its cardiovascular properties are mediated by the selective action of different anthocyanins. Finally, the exposure of human dysfunctional vessels to Healthberry 865 significantly reduces oxidative stress and improves NO bioavailability. Although further investigations are needed, our data demonstrate the direct role of Healthberry 865 on the modulation of vasculature, both on the vasorelaxation and on oxidative stress; thus, supporting the concept that a pure mixture of anthocyanins could be helpful in preventing the onset of vascular dysfunction associated with the development of CVD.

Antioxidants published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Synthetic Route of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gowd, Vemana published the artcilePhenolic profile of bayberry followed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbiota fermentation and its antioxidant potential in HepG2 cells, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is Myrica liver cancer cell phenolics simulated GID gut microbiota.

Bayberry (BB) fruits contain high levels of polyphenols and possess good bioactivities. However, there are no specific studies to illustrate the impact of human gut microbiota fermn on BB polyphenols subjected to gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Therefore, in this study, BB was subjected to simulated GID and HGMF (0-48 h) in order to study the fate of BB bioactive components. Phenolic gut metabolites were identified and quantified by relevant standards using HPLC. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the only anthocyanin in BB and could be detected in its free form even after gut fermentation for 24 h. Gut metabolites of BB showed better hypoglycemic activity by improving hepatic glucose consumption and glycogen content. Furthermore, gut metabolites significantly ameliorated glucolipotoxicity induced oxidative stress. Since BB gut metabolites showed good hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities, BB can be considered as a functional food and dietary supplementation of BB could help in maintenance of good health.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Recommanded Product: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Voelkl, Matthias published the artcilePristine and artificially-aged polystyrene microplastic particles differ in regard to cellular response, Application In Synthesis of 2044-85-1, the main research area is microplastic particle cellular response cytotoxicity; Biological effects; Cytotoxicity; Fragments; Genotoxicity; Inflammation; Microplastic; RNA sequencing; Reactive oxygen species; Transcriptomic; Weathered particles.

Microplastic particles (MP), arising from the gradual decomposition of plastics in the environment, have been identified as a global problem. Most investigations of MP cytotoxicity use pristine spherical particles available from com. sources when evaluating their impact on mammalian cells, while only limited data is available for the more relevant “”weathered microplastic””. In this study, we exposed murine macrophages to polystyrene MP either after up to 130 days of accelerated ageing or in pristine condition. Weathered and pristine MP were physicochem. characterized, and their cytotoxicity was investigated using biol. assays, transcriptome anal., and metabolic pathways prediction. Whereas the response to pristine MP is mainly dominated by a TNF-α release, sharp-edged weathered MP induce broader adverse cellular reactions. This study stresses the importance of including more realistic test particles (e.g., weathered particles) in combination with a broad range of biol. assays when evaluating the potential risk of microplastic exposure.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about BMF proteins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application In Synthesis of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jing, Zheng published the artcileLuteolin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by regulating ERK/Lrp-5/GSK-3β signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is luteolin attenuate glucocorticoid osteoporosis; extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK); glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO); glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β); lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp-5); luteolin (LUT).

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a secondary osteoporosis with extensive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs can increase bone fragility and fracture via inhibiting osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Luteolin (LUT), a kind of plant flavonoid, has been reported to exhibit the antioxidant activity, but the effects of LUT on GIO still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LUT on GIO both in vivo and in vitro and elaborate the potential mol. mechanisms. LUT increased the superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione level and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and lactate dehydrogenase release in GIO. Meanwhile, LUT decreased caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax protein expressions and increased Bcl-2 protein expression in GIO. LUT also enhanced the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation, mRNA expression levels of lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp-5) and β-catenin. These results indicated that LUT promoted proliferation by attenuating oxidative stress and promoted osteoblastic differentiation by regulating the ERK/Lrp-5/GSK-3β pathway in GIO. This study may bring to light the possible mechanisms involved in the action of LUT in GIO treatment, and benefit for further research on GIO.

Journal of Cellular Physiology published new progress about Bone minerals Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Name: 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

McGovern, Toby published the artcileOrganic dust, causing both oxidative stress and Nrf2 activation, is phagocytized by bronchial epithelial cells, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is organic dust oxidative stress Nrf phagocyte bronchial epithelial cell; airway hyperresponsiveness; bronchial epithelial cells; nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; organic dust; oxidative stress; phagocytosis.

We sought to determine a mechanism by which OD could induce oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B or NHBE) were treated with various concentrations of OD, followed by evaluation of intracellular oxidative stress using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). After stimulation with OD, gene expression of antioxidant genes was assessed by real-time quant. PCR followed by quantification of Nrf2 nuclear translocation using a luciferase reporter assay. Phagocytic markers (CD36 and CD68) were analyzed by FACS. Cells were treated with an actin inhibitor, cytochalasin D, before OD exposure and evaluated for Nrf2 nuclear translocation and DCFDA. Mice were pretreated with sulforaphane, the Nrf2 activator, before OD exposure and evaluated for pulmonary inflammation and airway reactivity. OD induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in DCFDA. mRNA expression levels of Nrf2-dependent genes and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were increased after OD exposure. OD exposure increased the expression of CD68 and CD36. Cytochalasin D prevented oxidative stress and Nrf2 nuclear translocation after OD. Pretreatment with sulforaphane prevented OD-induced inflammation and AHR while increasing the uptake of OD in bronchial epithelial cells. Bronchial epithelial cells can phagocytose OD, resulting in an increase in endogenous oxidative stress. Nrf2-dependent mechanisms mediate the antioxidant response to OD.

American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Allophycocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Linyi published the artcileSalidroside ameliorated intermittent hypoxia-aggravated endothelial barrier disruption and atherosclerosis via the cAMP/PKA/RhoA signaling pathway, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is salidroside cAMP PKA RhoA endothelial barrier disruption atherosclerosis pathway; atherosclerosis; endothelial barrier; intermittent hypoxia; obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; salidroside.

Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atherosclerosis progression. The primary pathol. of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, endothelial barrier injury, and atherosclerosis. Salidroside, a typical pharmacol. constituent of Rhodiola genus, has documented antioxidative, and cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether salidroside can improve IH-aggravated endothelial barrier dysfunction and atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. In normal chow diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, salidroside (100 mg/kg/d, p. o.) significantly ameliorated the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and barrier injury aggravated by 7-wk IH (21%-5%-21%, 120 s/cycle). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), exposure to IH (21%-5%-21%, 40 min/cycle, 72 cycles) decreased transendothelial elec. resistance and protein expression of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and zonula occludens 1. In addition, IH promoted ROS production and activated ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. All of these effects of IH were reversed by salidroside. Similar to salidroside, ROCK-selective inhibitors Y26732, and Fasudil protected HUVECs from IH-induced ROS overproduction and endothelial barrier disruption. Furthermore, salidroside increased intracellular cAMP levels, while the PKA-selective inhibitor H-89 attenuated the effects of salidroside on IH-induced RhoA/ROCK suppression, ROS scavenging, and barrier protection. Our findings demonstrate that salidroside effectively ameliorated IH-aggravated endothelial barrier injury and atherosclerosis, largely through the cAMP/PKA/RhoA signaling pathway.

Frontiers in Pharmacology published new progress about Apolipoprotein E Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Weiwei published the artcileMechanisms dissection of the combination GRS derived from ShengMai preparations for the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Quality Control of 2044-85-1, the main research area is ginsenoside ruscogenin schisandrin combination ShengMai myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury; 23915); 441893); 441922); Ajor chemical compounds studied in this article; Anti-inflammation; Antioxidation; Energy modulation; Ginsenoside Rb1 (PubChem CID; Multiple pathways; Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury; Ruscogenin (PubChem CID; Schisandrol a (PubChem CID; Shengmai combination GRS.

Recently, a new drug combination GRS comprising ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), ruscogenin (R-Rus) and schisandrin (S-SA) was screened based on ShengMai preparations, which exhibited a prominent cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. To investigate their systemic and individual mechanism of each compound in combination GRS. The mice model of MI/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes injury were performed to explore the resp. characteristics of each compound in GRS against myocardial injury. Each component in the combination GRS attenuated MI/R injury as evidenced by decreased myocardial infarct size, ameliorated histol. features, and improved biochem. indicators. Meanwhile, ingredient G, R and S in combination also individually performed a significant decrease of apoptotic index in MI/R mice and H/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury. Mechanistically, component G in GRS could markedly increase the ATP content in cardiomyocytes through activation of AMPKα phosphorylation. Interestingly, the anti-apoptotic actions of G were profoundly attenuated by knockdown of AMPKα, while no alteration was observed on composition R and S. Moreover, component R in GRS significantly reduced the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, as well as the content of IL-6 via the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Further, component S exhibited the most powerful anti-oxidative capacity in GRS and remarkably decreased the production of MDA and ROS, and potential mechanisms might at least in part through activating the Akt-14-3-3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation of Bad and ERK1/2. Our results indicated that the resp. mechanism of each compound in combination GRS against MI/R injury might closely associated with energy metabolism modulation, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology published new progress about 14-3-3 Proteins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Quality Control of 2044-85-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics