Category: 119-36-8

Safety of Methyl SalicylateIn 2020 ,《Ethylene functions as a suppressor of volatile production in rice》 was published in Journal of Experimental Botany. The article was written by Mujiono, Kadis; Tohi, Tilisa; Sobhy, Islam S.; Hojo, Yuko; Ho, Nhan Thanh; Shinya, Tomonori; Galis, Ivan. The article contains the following contents:

We examined the role of ethylene in the production of rice (Oryza sativa) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which act as indirect defense signals against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Rice plants were exposed to exogenous ethylene (1 ppm) after simulated herbivory, which consisted of mech. wounding supplemented with oral secretions (WOS) from the generalist herbivore larva Mythimna loreyi. Ethylene treatment highly suppressed VOCs in WOS-treated rice leaves, which was further corroborated by the reduced transcript levels of major VOC biosynthesis genes in ethylene-treated rice. In contrast, the accumulation of jasmonates (JA), known to control VOCs in higher plants, and transcript levels of primary JA response genes, including OsMYC2, were not largely affected by ethylene application. At the functional level, flooding is known to promote internode elongation in young rice via ethylene signaling. Consistent with the neg. role of ethylene on VOC genes, the accumulation of VOCs in water-submerged rice leaves was suppressed. Furthermore, in mature rice plants, which naturally produce less volatiles, VOCs could be rescued by the application of the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Our data suggest that ethylene acts as an endogenous suppressor of VOCs in rice plants during development and under stress. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Safety of Methyl Salicylate)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Safety of Methyl Salicylate

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Reference of Methyl SalicylateIn 2019 ,《Signaling mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance to microbial pathogens》 appeared in Plant Science (Shannon, Ireland). The author of the article were Shine, M. B.; Xiao, Xueqiong; Kachroo, Pradeep; Kachroo, Aardra. The article conveys some information:

A review. Plants respond to biotic stress by inducing a variety of responses, which not only protect against the immediate diseases but also provide immunity from future infections. One example is systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting and broad-spectrum protection at the whole plant level. The induction of SAR prepares the plant for a more robust response to subsequent infections from related and unrelated pathogens. SAR involves the rapid generation of signals at the primary site of infection, which are transported to the systemic parts of the plant presumably via the phloem. SAR signal generation and perception requires an intact cuticle, a waxy layer covering all aerial parts of the plant. A chem. diverse set of SAR inducers has already been identified, including hormones (salicylic acid, Me salicylate), primary/secondary metabolites (nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glycerol-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, dihyroabetinal), fatty acid/lipid derivatives (18 carbon unsaturated fatty acids, galactolipids), and proteins (DIR1-Defective in Induced Resistance 1, AZI1-Azelaic acid Induced 1). Some of these are demonstrably mobile and the phloem loading routes for three of these SAR inducers is known. Here we discuss the recent findings related to synthesis, transport, and the relationship between these various SAR inducers.Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Reference of Methyl Salicylate) was used in this study.

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Reference of Methyl Salicylate

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Ester – Wikipedia,
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The author of 《Varying the spatial arrangement of synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles and companion plants to improve conservation biological control》 were Jaworski, Coline C.; Xiao, Da; Xu, Qingxuan; Ramirez-Romero, Ricardo; Guo, Xiaojun; Wang, Su; Desneux, Nicolas. And the article was published in Journal of Applied Ecology in 2019. Product Details of 119-36-8 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Conservation biol. control aims to control pests by promoting wild populations of natural enemies. One challenge is to attract and retain efficient natural enemies in crop fields, which often are a suboptimal environment. Towards this goal, the attract-and-reward strategy relies on combining attractive synthetically produced herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) with companion plants (non-crop plants which provide alternative resources to the targeted natural enemies). Although severely overlooked, the spatial arrangement of HIPV dispensers and rewards inside crop fields may strongly influence the foraging behavior and persistence of natural enemies and thus the success of this pest management strategy. We tested the impact of two contrasting spatial arrangements of HIPV dispensers and rewards, alternatively inside and around a block of target apple trees, on the efficacy of the biol. control of Aphis citricola populations by the common predatory ladybird Propylea japonica in apple orchards in northern China. We used synthetic Me salicylate (MeSA) as an attractant and the companion plant Calendula officinalis as a reward. To better understand how the spatial arrangement of MeSA dispensers and companion plants affected the attraction and foraging behavior of adult ladybirds, we conducted indoor experiments in a flight mill, an olfactometer and a wind-tunnel. Blocks of target trees treated with MeSA dispensers inside and companion plants around provided the most efficient pest control in orchards, compared with the opposite spatial arrangement. The synthetic MeSA dispenser and the companion plant synergistically attracted ladybirds in the olfactometer and enhanced their flight activity in the flight mill. In the wind-tunnel, MeSA served as a spatial cue for ladybirds to find nearby prey, while companion plants were sought in the absence of prey. Synthesis and applications. This study aims to further improve aphid control in apple orchards through a careful spatial arrangement of herbivore-induced plant volatiles dispensers (HIPVs) and rewards (companion plants) in optimized attract-and-reward strategies. Without such assessment, these strategies may be hazardous even with well-identified targeted natural enemies. Associated lab experiments highlight that interactions between HIPVs and companion plants influence ladybird foraging pattern, and that their spatial arrangement can modulate the ability of such key predators to find their prey. After reading the article, we found that the author used Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Product Details of 119-36-8)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) has been used: as a component of clarifying solution for treating Mongolian gerbil cochlea intact for immunofluorescence analysis, as a plant elicitor to test its effect on reducing the whitefly population from tomato plants.Product Details of 119-36-8

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Ester – Wikipedia,
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Reference of Methyl SalicylateIn 2019 ,《Roles of plant volatiles in defence against microbial pathogens and microbial exploitation of volatiles》 appeared in Plant, Cell & Environment. The author of the article were Hammerbacher, Almuth; Coutinho, Teresa A.; Gershenzon, Jonathan. The article conveys some information:

A review. Plants emit a large variety of volatile organic compounds during infection by pathogenic microbes, including terpenes, aromatics, nitrogen-containing compounds, and fatty acid derivatives, as well as the volatile plant hormones, Me jasmonate, and Me salicylate. Given the general antimicrobial activity of plant volatiles and the timing of emission following infection, these compounds have often been assumed to function in defense against pathogens without much solid evidence. In this review, we critically evaluate current knowledge on the toxicity of volatiles to fungi, bacteria, and viruses and their role in plant resistance as well as how they act to induce systemic resistance in uninfected parts of the plant and in neighboring plants. We also discuss how microbes can detoxify plant volatiles and exploit them as nutrients, attractants for insect vectors, and inducers of volatile emissions, which stimulate immune responses that make plants more susceptible to infection. Although much more is known about plant volatile-herbivore interactions, knowledge of volatile-microbe interactions is growing and it may eventually be possible to harness plant volatiles to reduce disease in agriculture and forestry. Future research in this field can be facilitated by making use of the anal. and mol. tools generated by the prolific research on plant-herbivore interactions. In addition to this study using Methyl Salicylate, there are many other studies that have used Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Reference of Methyl Salicylate) was used in this study.

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Reference of Methyl Salicylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Analysis of Chemical Simulants in Urine: A Useful Tool for Assessing Emergency Decontamination Efficacy in Human Volunteer Studies.》 was published in Prehospital and disaster medicine in 2020. These research results belong to James, Thomas; Collins, Samuel; Amlôt, Richard; Marczylo, Tim. Computed Properties of C8H8O3 The article mentions the following:

INTRODUCTION: To date, all human studies of mass-casualty decontamination for chemical incidents have relied on the collection and analysis of external samples, including skin and hair, to determine decontamination efficacy. The removal of a simulant contaminant from the surface of the body with the assumption that this translates to reduced systemic exposure and reduced risk of secondary contamination has been the main outcome measure of these studies. Some studies have investigated systemic exposure through urinary levels of simulant metabolites. The data obtained in these studies were confounded by high background concentrations from dietary sources. The unmetabolized simulants have never been analyzed in urine for the purposes of decontamination efficacy assessment. STUDY OBJECTIVE: Urinary simulant analysis could obviate the need to collect skin or hair samples during decontamination trials and provide a better estimate of both decontamination efficacy and systemic exposure. The study objective therefore was to determine whether gross skin contamination as part of a decontamination study would yield urine levels of simulants sufficient to evaluate systemic availability free from dietary confounders. METHODS: In this study, a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of two chemical simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) and benzyl salicylate (BeS), in urine. An extraction and sample clean-up method was validated, enabling quantitation of these simulants in urine. The method was then applied to urine collected over a 24-hour period following simulant application to the skin of volunteers. RESULTS: Both MeS and BeS were present in all urine samples and were significantly increased in all post-application samples. The MeS levels peaked one hour after skin application. The remaining urinary levels were variable, possibly due to additional MeS exposures such as inhalation. In contrast, the urinary excretion pattern for BeS was more typical for urinary excretion curves, increasing clearly above baseline from four hours post-dose and peaking between 12.5 and 21 hours, a pattern consistent with dermal absorption and rapid excretion. CONCLUSION: The authors propose BeS is a useful simulant for use in decontamination studies and that its measurement in urine can be used to model systemic exposures following skin application and therefore likely health consequences.Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Computed Properties of C8H8O3) was used in this study.

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) has been used: as a component of clarifying solution for treating Mongolian gerbil cochlea intact for immunofluorescence analysis, as a plant elicitor to test its effect on reducing the whitefly population from tomato plants.Computed Properties of C8H8O3

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chang, Xue-Ping; Zhang, Teng-Shuo; Fang, Ye-Guang; Cui, Ganglong published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the photophysical mechanism of methyl salicylate》, and you may find the article in Journal of Physical Chemistry A.Reference of Methyl Salicylate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Me salicylate (MS) as a subunit of larger salicylates found in com. sunscreens has been shown to exhibit keto-enol tautomerization and dual fluorescence emission via excited-state intramol. proton transfer (ESIPT) after the absorption of UV radiation. However, its excited-state relaxation mechanism is unclear. Herein, we have employed the quantum mechanics(CASPT2//CASSCF)/mol. mechanics method to explore the ESIPT and excited-state relaxation mechanism of MS in the lowest three electronic states, i.e., S0, S1, and T1 states, in a methanol solution Based on the optimized geometric and electronic structures, conical intersections and crossing points, and min.-energy paths combined with the computed linearly interpolated Cartesian coordinate paths, the photophys. mechanism of MS has been proposed. The S1 state is a spectroscopically bright 1ππ* state in the Franck-Condon region. From the initially populated S1 state, there exist three nonradiative relaxation paths to repopulate the S0 state. In the first one, the S1 system (i.e., ketoB form) first undergoes an ESIPT path to generate an S1 tautomer (i.e., enol form) that exhibits a large Stokes shift in experiments The generated S1 enol tautomer further evolves toward the nearby S1/S0 conical intersection and then hops to the S0 state, followed by the backward ground-state intramol. proton transfer (GSIPT) to the initial ketoB form S0 state. In the second one, the S1 system first hops through the S1 → T1 intersystem crossing (ISC) to the T1 state, which then further decays to the S0 state via T1 → S0 ISC at the T1/S0 crossing point. In the third path, the T1 system that stems from the S1 → T1 ISC process via the S1/T1 crossing point first takes place a T1 ESIPT to generate a T1 enol tautomer, which can further decay to the S0 state via T1-to-S0 ISC. Finally, the GSIPT occurs to back the system to the initial ketoB form S0 state. Our present work could contribute to understanding the photophysics of MS and its derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Reference of Methyl Salicylate)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Reference of Methyl Salicylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Genotypic Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity in Gene Expression and Emissions of Herbivore-Induced Volatiles, and their Potential Tritrophic Implications, in Cranberries》 was written by De Lange, Elvira S.; Salamanca, Jordano; Polashock, James; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar. Formula: C8H8O3This research focused onVaccinium Lymantria genotypic variation phenotypic plasticity; Gypsy moth; Indirect defenses; Methyl jasmonate; Methyl salicylate; Natural enemies; Vaccinium macrocarpon. The article conveys some information:

Herbivorous insects are important problems in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production The use of chem. pesticides is common practice, but beneficial insects such as natural enemies of herbivores (e.g. predators and parasitoids) could be affected as well. Therefore, we studied the defensive mechanisms that cranberry plants use to combat pests, focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can be used to recruit predators and parasitoids foraging for prey or hosts. The results showed that different cranberry genotypes vary in their emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes but not in their expression of two genes associated with terpene biosynthesis, α-humulene/β-caryophyllene synthase and (3S,6E)-nerolidol/R-linalool synthase. Induction with Me jasmonate or herbivore (gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.) feeding increased the expression of these genes and emission of HIPVs. The HIPV Me salicylate (MeSA), alone or in combination with other HIPVs, increased syrphid attraction by 6-fold in the field, while (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and MeSA repelled ladybeetles and megaspilids, resp. Linalool and β-caryophyllene elicited no behavioral responses of natural enemies. Elucidating the mechanisms of pest resistance, as well as exptl. augmenting plant defenses such as HIPVs, may contribute to the development of more sustainable pest management practices in crops, including cranberries. In addition to this study using Methyl Salicylate, there are many other studies that have used Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Formula: C8H8O3) was used in this study.

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Formula: C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Volatile Organic Compounds as Insect Repellents and Plant Elicitors: an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategy for Glasshouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)》 was written by Conboy, Niall J. A.; McDaniel, Thomas; George, David; Ormerod, Adam; Edwards, Martin; Donohoe, Paul; Gatehouse, Angharad M. R.; Tosh, Colin R.. Category: esters-buliding-blocksThis research focused onTrialeurodes vaporariorum volatile organic compound insect repellent plant elicitor; IPM; Plant elicitor; Repellent; Tomato; VOC; Volatile organic compound; Whitefly. The article conveys some information:

The glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) is a polyphagous arthropod pest that is of particular detriment to glasshouse grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) across temperate regions of the world. Control of whiteflies with synthetic pesticides has resulted in the evolution of resistant genotypes and a reduction in natural enemies, thus highlighting the need for environmentally sound control strategies. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) offer an environmentally benign alternative to synthetic chem. sprays and this study explored the use of VOCs as insect repellents and plant defense elicitors to control whiteflies on tomato in a com. glasshouse setting. Limonene in the form of a volatile dispenser system was found to successfully repel whitefly from the target crop and increased fruit yield by 32% during a heavy whitefly infestation. Anal. of tomato herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) led us to select Me salicylate (MeSA) as the plant elicitor and application of MeSA to un-infested tomato plants was found to successfully reduce whitefly population development and increase yield by 11%, although this difference was marginally statistically significant. Combination of these two methods was also effective but whitefly abundance in combined plots was similar to the standalone limonene treatment across the course of the experiment All of the VOC based control methods we used had a neg. impact on whitefly performance, with more pronounced effects during the first few weeks of infestation. In subsequent laboratory experiments, we found elevated peroxidase (POD) activity and a significant increase in TPX1 and PR1 transcripts in MeSA treated plants. This led us to deduce that MeSA immediately induced plant defences, rather than priming them. We did however see evidence for residual priming, as plants treated with MeSA and infested with whiteflies produced significantly higher levels of POD activity than whitefly infestation alone. Despite the fact that our treatments failed to synergise, our methods can be optimized further, and the effectiveness of the standalone treatments is promising for future studies. In particular, our repellent limonene dispensers were extremely effective at deterring whiteflies and offer a low economic cost and easy to implement whitefly control option. The methods we have used here could be incorporated into current integrated pest management (IPM) systems, a sustainable approach to pest control which will be central to our efforts to manage whitefly populations under glass in the future. In addition to this study using Methyl Salicylate, there are many other studies that have used Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Non-invasive plant disease diagnostics enabled by smartphone-based fingerprinting of leaf volatiles》 were Li, Zheng; Paul, Rajesh; Ba Tis, Taleb; Saville, Amanda C.; Hansel, Jeana C.; Yu, Tao; Ristaino, Jean B.; Wei, Qingshan. And the article was published in Nature Plants (London, United Kingdom) in 2019. Formula: C8H8O3 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Plant pathogen detection conventionally relies on mol. technol. that is complicated, time-consuming and constrained to centralized laboratories We developed a cost-effective smartphone-based volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprinting platform that allows non-invasive diagnosis of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans by monitoring characteristic leaf volatile emissions in the field. This handheld device integrates a disposable colorimetric sensor array consisting of plasmonic nanocolorants and chemo-responsive organic dyes to detect key plant volatiles at the ppm level within 1 min of reaction. We demonstrate the multiplexed detection and classification of ten individual plant volatiles with this field-portable VOC-sensing platform, which allows for early detection of tomato late blight 2 d after inoculation, and differentiation from other pathogens of tomato that lead to similar symptoms on tomato foliage. Furthermore, we demonstrate a detection accuracy of ≥95% in diagnosis of P. infestans in both laboratory-inoculated and field-collected tomato leaves in blind pilot tests. Finally, the sensor platform has been beta-tested for detection of P. infestans in symptomless tomato plants in the greenhouse setting. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Formula: C8H8O3)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Formula: C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 119-36-8In 2019 ,《A salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase-like gene LcSAMT from Lycium chinense, negatively regulates the drought response in transgenic tobacco》 was published in Environmental and Experimental Botany. The article was written by Wang, Gang; Li, Qian; Wang, Chang; Jin, Chao; Ji, Jing; Guan, Chunfeng. The article contains the following contents:

Drought is the main environmental factor which limits growth, photosynthesis and yield of agricultural crops worldwide. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound involved in plant growth and development. Salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT) can catalyze the methylation of SA with S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the Me donor to form Me salicylate (MeSA). However, the relations between SAMT and drought tolerance in plants are largely unknown. In this study, a SAMT gene, LcSAMT, was isolated from Lycium chinense and characterized. Escherichia coli expressed LcSAMT was found to function as salicylic acid methyltransferase using in vitro enzyme assays. The expression of LcSAMT gene was observed to be elevated in L. chinense under drought stress treatment. The overexpression of LcSAMT gene markedly enhanced the MeSA content and reduced the accumulation of SA in the transgenic tobacco plants. The conversion of MeSA from SA led to the depletion of the free SA pool. The overexpression of LcSAMT gene in tobacco significantly increased sensitivity of transgenic plant to drought stress, as measured by morphol. and physiol. factors such as leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, which might be due to the decreased SA accumulation. The increased accumulation of ROS, elevated MDA levels, reduced proline contents and lowered expression of APX, CAT and SOD genes were also observed in the LcSAMT transgenic tobacco plants under drought stress, which means that the LcSAMT-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants had decreased resistance to oxidative stress in comparison with control plants under drought stress. These results thus suggested that LcSAMT responded to drought stress might through the regulation of ROS accumulation in plants. Furthermore, LcSAMT-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants displayed decreased ABA accumulation and reduced transcript expression of NtNCED1 and NtRD22 genes. Therefore, the increased sensitivity of transgenic plants overexpressing LcSAMT gene to drought stress might also through an ABA-dependent pathway. After reading the article, we found that the author used Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8Related Products of 119-36-8)

Methyl Salicylate(cas: 119-36-8) is a natural herbivore-induced plant volatile. It is a naturally occurring product in trees, legumes, exotic plants, vegetables, berries, and the primary constituent of the oil of wintergreen.Methyl Salicylate is produced from salicylic acid.Related Products of 119-36-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics