Category: 112-63-0

Ferretti, Francesco; Barraco, Edoardo; Gatti, Claudia; Ramadan, Doaa R.; Ragaini, Fabio published the artcile< Palladium/iodide catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of aniline to diphenylurea: Effect of ppm amounts of iron salts>, Quality Control of 112-63-0, the main research area is aniline palladium iodide catalyst oxidative carbonylation; diphenylurea preparation.

The palladium/iodide couple was the most investigated catalytic system for the oxidative carbonylation of amines to give ureas or carbamates. In reinvestigating it was found that the most prominent role of iodide is to etch the stainless steel of the autoclave employed in most of previous works, releasing in solution small amounts of iron salts. The latter were much better promoters than iodide itself. Iron and iodide had a complex interplay and depending on relative ratios, can even deactivate each other. The presence of a halide was beneficial, but chloride was better than iodide in this respect. The ideal Fe/Pd ratio is around 10, but even an equimolar amount of iron with respect to palladium (0.02 mol% with respect to aniline, corresponding to 12 ppm Fe with respect to the whole solution) was sufficient to boost the activity of the catalytic system. Such small amount may also come from Fe(CO)5 impurities present in the CO gas when stored in steel tanks. The role of the solvent was also investigated. It was found that the reason for the better selectivity in some cases was at least in part due to a hydrolysis of the solvent itself, which removed the coproduced water.

Journal of Catalysis published new progress about Anilines Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Quality Control of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zheng, Kewang; Xiao, Guanlin; Guo, Tao; Ding, Yalan; Wang, Chengdong; Loh, Teck-Peng; Wu, Xiaojin published the artcile< Intermolecular Reductive Heck Reaction of Unactivated Aliphatic Alkenes with Organohalides>, Safety of (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is aryl carboxamide regioselective preparation; alkene organohalide reductive Hexk reaction palladium catalyst.

A general intermol. reductive Heck reaction of organohalides with both terminal and internal unactivated aliphatic alkenes has been first realized in high yield with complete anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The challenging vinyl bromides, aryl chlorides, and polysubstituted internal alkenes were first applied. More than 100 remote carbofunctionalized alkyl carboxylic acid derivatives were rapidly synthesized from easily accessible starting materials. The synthesis of drug mols. has further demonstrated the wide synthetic utility of this scalable strategy. Preliminary mechanistic studies are consistent with the proposed catalytic cycle.

Organic Letters published new progress about Alkenes Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Safety of (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen; Li, Qingyin; Dong, Xinyi; Wang, Junzhe; Sun, Kai; Zhang, Lijun; Zhang, Shu; Xu, Leilei; Yuan, Xiangzhou; Hu, Xun published the artcile< Cooperation between hydrogenation and acidic sites in Cu-based catalyst for selective conversion of furfural to γ-valerolactone>, Application In Synthesis of 112-63-0, the main research area is copper catalyst furfural gamma valerolactone cooperation hydrogenation.

The production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) receives increasing attention due to its extensive applications as a promising fuel and fuel additive. In this study, the direct conversion of biomass-derived furfural to GVL with a unprecedent yield of 90.5% was achieved via consecutive hydrogenation and acid-catalyzed reactions over CuAl for hydrogenation and a co-catalyst (i.e. H-ZSM-5) for acid-catalysis in ethanol. The relative abundance of the hydrogenation sites and acidic sites determines the reaction network and the transfer of the main products from furfuryl alc. (FA) to Et levulinate (EL) or GVL, as the acidic sites, especially the Bronsted acidic sites, not only catalyze the formation of EL from FA, but also affect the hydrogenation activity of CuAl. However, the Lewis acidic sites facilitate the opening ring of FA to 1,4-pentanediol, preventing the GVL formation. The acid catalyst and hydrogenation catalyst deactivate via varied mechanisms in the conversion of furfural to GVL, which is required to be considered in the further development of the robust catalysts.

Fuel published new progress about Catalysts. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Application In Synthesis of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heasley, Gene E.; Bundy, J. McCall; Heasley, Victor L.; Arnold, Stanley; Gipe, Alice; McKee, David; Orr, Rob; Rodgers, Stephen L.; Shellhamer, Dale F. published the artcile< Electrophilic additions to dienes and the 1-phenylpropenes with pyridine-halogen complexes and tribromides. Effects on stereochemistry and product ratios>, Related Products of 112-63-0, the main research area is halogenation diene phenylpropene stereochem mechanism.

Dibromide product ratios from bromination with mol. Br, pyridine-Br complexes, and tribromide salts for butadiene, isoprene (I), the piperylenes (II), the 2,4-hexadienes (III), cyclopentadiene (IV), and the 1-phenylpropenes (V), and BrCl addition with analogous reagents to I, II and V are reported. The pyridine-halogen complexes and tribromide give much less 1,4-dihalide product from the dienes than does the mol. halogen; the proportion of 1,4 addition to dienes is suppressed further by an increase in amine concentration Dienes III and alkenes V which give nonstereospecific 1,2 addition with Br and BrCl approach 100% anti addition when a pyridine-halogen complex or tribromide is used as the brominating agent. The stereochem. of 1,4-bromine addition with dienes III and IV is primarily anti in the presence of amine, in contrast to being chiefly syn with mol. halogen in the absence of amine. Possible mechanistic differences between the halogenating agents are suggested.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Bromination. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Related Products of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Al-Hussaini, Jinan Abdul-Amir Sabeeh; Hatem, Oraas Adnan; Alebady, Zainab Adnan Hatem published the artcile< Determination of chemical potential for stavudine (D4T) diffusion through SDS micelle solution>, Reference of 112-63-0, the main research area is chem potential stavudine cell membrane diffusion SDS micelle solution.

This study include a spectroscopic measurements of Stavudine diffusion in cell membrane alternative model in two different polar solutions; buffer phosphate solution (Polar solution) and N-Hexane (Non-polar solution). Consistent with the standard values, a clear maximum absorption peaks at 266 nm was noted for Stavudine in buffer phosphate solution The data also showed that the value of the extension coefficient and λmaxreduced in the non-polar medium compare to polar medium which was noted a s a part of the spectroscopic properties of Stavudine in polar and non-polar medium. Stavudine express a high stability with time in pH 7.4 . SDS was used as a cell membranes substitute model, and the diffusion rate of Stavudine through SDS micelles solution (with a concentration of 0.2 x10-2 M)was examined The chem. potential was calculated which was equal to -2489.4 J mol-1 which indicate the impulsiveness of the diffusion process for the compound The results suggested that Stavudine can diffuse (in a rate constant of 0.0183 min-1)to inside micelle from the aqueous medium. Of other detected factors; the equilibrium constant for diffusion rate was detected and was equal to 2.7313.

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy published new progress about Cell membrane. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Reference of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rana, Payal; Aleo, Michael D.; Wen, Xuerong; Kogut, Stephen published the artcile< Hepatotoxicity reports in the FDA adverse event reporting system database: A comparison of drugs that cause injury via mitochondrial or other mechanisms>, Recommanded Product: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is human liver injury hepatotoxicity adverse event benzbromarone troglitazone; AE, adverse event; Adverse event reporting; CI, confidence interval; CNS, center nervous system; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; Drug-induced liver injury; FAERS database; FAERS, FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; Hepatotoxicity; MedDRA, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities; Mitochondrial toxicity; NCTR-LTKB, National Center for Toxicological Research-Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ROR, Reporting Odds Ratio.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading reason for preclin. safety attrition and post-market drug withdrawals. Drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity has been shown to play an essential role in various forms of DILI, especially in idiosyncratic liver injury. This study examined liver injury reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for drugs associated with hepatotoxicity via mitochondrial mechanisms compared with non-mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity. The frequency of hepatotoxicity was determined at a group level and individual drug level. A reporting odds ratio (ROR) was calculated as the measure of effect. Between the two DILI groups, reports for DILI involving mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity had a 1.43 (95% CI 1.42-1.45; P < 0.0001) times higher odds compared to drugs associated with non-mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity. Antineoplastic, antiviral, analgesic, antibiotic, and antimycobacterial drugs were the top five drug classes with the highest ROR values. Although the top 20 drugs with the highest ROR values included drugs with both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial injury mechanisms, the top four drugs (ROR values > 18: benzbromarone, troglitazone, isoniazid, rifampin) were associated with mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity. The major demog. influence for DILI risk was also examined There was a higher mean patient age among reports for drugs that were associated with mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity [56.1 ± 18.33 (SD)] compared to non-mitochondrial mechanisms [48 ± 19.53 (SD)] (P < 0.0001), suggesting that age may play a role in susceptibility to DILI via mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity. Univariate logistic regression anal. showed that reports of liver injury were 2.2 (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% CI 2.12-2.26) times more likely to be associated with older patient age, as compared with reports involving patients less than 65 years of age. Compared to males, female patients were 37% less likely (odds ratio: 0.63, 95% CI 0.61-0.64) to be subjects of liver injury reports for drugs associated with mitochondrial toxicity mechanisms. Given the higher proportion of severe liver injury reports among drugs associated with mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity, it is essential to understand if a drug causes mitochondrial toxicity during preclin. drug development when drug design alternatives, more clin. relevant animal models, and better clin. biomarkers may provide a better translation of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity risk assessment from animals to humans. Our findings from this study align with mitochondrial mechanisms of toxicity being an important cause of DILI, and this should be further investigated in real-world studies with robust designs. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B published new progress about Aging, animal. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Recommanded Product: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ban, Qingfu; Li, Yan; Qin, Yusheng; Zheng, Yaochen; Kong, Jie published the artcile< Intramolecular cyclization in hyperbranched star copolymers via one-pot Am+Bn+C1 step-growth polymerization resulting in decreased cyclic defect>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is intramol cyclization hyperbranched polyester polyacetylene polyoxyalkylene self assembly; step growth polymerization hyperbranched.

Hyperbranched star copolymers are important soft materials that have been employed for aqueous self-assembly and bioapplication, but their one-pot one-batch synthesis strategy and relevant topol. are rarely discussed. In this contribution, we produce hyperbranched star poly(vinyl ether ester)s (mPEG-hb-PVEEs) amphiphiles with multimodal mol. weight distribution via one-pot one-batch Am+Bn+C1 (m ≥ 2, n ≥ 3) step-growth polymerization Based on the topol. anal. of these hyperbranched star copolymers, a convenient expression of the number ratio of monomeric structural units (NA/NB) is deduced to describe the cyclic defect of intramol. cyclization only by using proton NMR spectroscopy. The introduction of long-chain terminators and the change in the molar feed ratio of A2:B3:C1 considerably affect the NA/NB so as to give rise to increased influence of number of macromols. and decreased influence of intramol. cyclization, which are then responsible for an aqueous self-assembly behavior of mPEG-hb-PVEEs amphiphiles. Overall, this study opens new possibilities for the precise description of intramol. cyclization and controllable synthesis of hyperbranched star copolymers via one-pot Am+Bn+C1 step-growth polymerization

European Polymer Journal published new progress about Amphiphiles. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Van den Berg, Otto; Sengers, Wilco G. F.; Jager, Wolter F.; Picken, Stephen J.; Wuebbenhorst, Michael published the artcile< Dielectric and Fluorescent Probes To Investigate Glass Transition, Melt, and Crystallization in Polyolefins>, Safety of (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is dibutylaminonitrostilbene dielec fluorescent probe polymer glass transition; melt crystallization polyolefin dielec fluorescent probe spectroscopy.

Study of glass transition dynamics in polyolefins by broadband dielec. spectroscopy (DRS) is facilitated by the addition of a dielec. probe, 4,4′-(N,N-dibutylamino)-(E)-nitrostilbene (DBANS), which introduces dipoles, i.e., makes the polymers become dielec. active. For probe concentrations between 0.1% and 1.0% the dielec. strength Δε associated with the dynamic glass transition increases proportionally to the probe concentration for LDPE, isotactic polypropylene, and atactic polystyrene. This result indicates that the probe exhibits no intramol. relaxations, and the probe rotational diffusion effectively senses the microviscosity of the probe environment on the length scale of the segmental dynamics. Temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy on doped polymers shows no changes in fluorescence wavelength around the glass transition temperature Crystallization and melting of the polyolefin matrix results in an increase or decrease of the probe concentration in the amorphous phase, which was clearly detected by real-time fluorescence because the probe emission is sensitive to the probe content, particularly at higher probe concentrations

Macromolecules published new progress about Crystallization. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Safety of (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kramer, Konrad; Kepp, Gabi; Brock, Judith; Stutz, Simon; Heyer, Arnd G. published the artcile< Acclimation to elevated CO2 affects the C/N balance by reducing de novo N-assimilation>, HPLC of Formula: 112-63-0, the main research area is carbon dioxide de novo nitrogen balance assimilation.

Plants exposed to elevated atm. CO2 concentrations show an increased photosynthetic activity. However, after prolonged exposure, the activity declines. This acclimation to elevated CO2 is accompanied by a rise in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the biomass. Hence, increased sugar accumulation and sequential downregulation of photosynthetic genes, as well as nitrogen depletion and reduced protein content, have been hypothesized as the cause of low photosynthetic performance. However, the reason for reduced nitrogen content in plants at high CO2 is unclear. Here, we show that reduced photorespiration at increased CO2-to-O2 ratio leads to reduced de novo assimilation of nitrate, thus shifting the C/N balance. Metabolic modeling of acclimated and non-acclimated plants revealed the photorespiratory pathway to function as a sink for already assimilated nitrogen during the light period, providing carbon skeletons for de novo assimilation. At high CO2, low photorespiratory activity resulted in diminished nitrogen assimilation and eventually resulted in reduced carbon assimilation. For the hpr1-1 mutant, defective in reduction of hydroxy-pyruvate, metabolic simulations show that turnover of photorespiratory metabolites is expanded into the night. Comparison of simulations for hpr1-1 with those for the wild type allowed investigating the effect of a perturbed photorespiration on N-assimilation.

Physiologia Plantarum published new progress about Arabidopsis thaliana. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, HPLC of Formula: 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oehlke, J.; Schroetter, E.; Dove, S.; Schick, H.; Niedrich, H. published the artcile< Preparation of some 4- and 5-substituted pyridine-2-carboxylic acids as fusaric acid analogs>, Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is pyridinecarboxylic acid dopamine hydroxylase inhibitor; fusaric acid dopamine hydroxylase inhibitor.

5-Substituted picolinic acids I (R = NO2, NH2, NHAc, NHCOEt, NHOH, iodo, Br, OH, MeO, PrO, BuO; R1 = H) and 4-substituted fusaric acids I (R = Bu, R1 = NO2, MeO, EtO, Cl, NH2, NHOH, Me), selected by a random sampling procedure suitable for small series, were prepared for future studies on the structure-activity relationships involved in the inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase. The known preparation of I (R = NO2, R1 = H) via a Rosenmund-von Braun reaction with 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine was significantly improved. I (R = OH, R1 = H), easily accessible via the same method, was converted into 5-alkoxypicolinic acids by reaction with alkyl halides in DMSO in the presence of Ag2O. I (R = Bu) were prepared via 5-butyl-2-methyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide.

Pharmazie published new progress about Antihypertensives. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics