Category: 112-63-0

Wang, Yantao; Zhao, Deyang; Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S.; Ouyang, Weiyi; Luque, Rafael; Len, Christophe published the artcile< Microwave-assisted catalytic upgrading of bio-based furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinate over commercial non-metal activated carbon>, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is activated carbon alcoholysis catalyst furfuryl alc alkyl levulinate microwave.

A cheap and com. available non-metal activated carbon (AC) as an efficient catalyst for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. (FA) to alkyl levulinate (AL) under microwave assistance was firstly investigated. The catalyst gave an impressive Me levulinate (ML) yield of 78% in only 5 min at 170 °C in the presence of FA (0.2 M, 3 mL) and AC (100 mg). Various reaction parameters in dependence of time such as temperature, catalyst and feedstock loadings as well as solvent types have been optimized. The re-utilization experiments of the catalyst showed that the activity related to the acidic groups of the catalysts, and the deactivation was due to the leaching of acidic specie, which was easily extracted by the solvent. Note that extremely low concentration of the active species extracted from AC (less than 1 wt %) could also give 62% ML yield. The present study provided a promising way for AL synthesis over cheap, com. available and environmentally benign catalyst.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Alcoholysis. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Chao; Spevak, Wayne; Zhang, Ying; Burton, Elizabeth A.; Ma, Yan; Habets, Gaston; Zhang, Jiazhong; Lin, Jack; Ewing, Todd; Matusow, Bernice; Tsang, Garson; Marimuthu, Adhirai; Cho, Hanna; Wu, Guoxian; Wang, Weiru; Fong, Daniel; Nguyen, Hoa; Shi, Songyuan; Womack, Patrick; Nespi, Marika; Shellooe, Rafe; Carias, Heidi; Powell, Ben; Light, Emily; Sanftner, Laura; Walters, Jason; Tsai, James; West, Brian L.; Visor, Gary; Rezaei, Hamid; Lin, Paul S.; Nolop, Keith; Ibrahim, Prabha N.; Hirth, Peter; Bollag, Gideon published the artcile< RAF inhibitors that evade paradoxical MAPK pathway activation>, Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is RAF inhibitor melanoma.

Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. Accordingly, RAF inhibitors have brought substantially improved personalized treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, these targeted agents have also revealed an unexpected consequence: stimulated growth of certain cancers. Structurally diverse ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors can either inhibit or paradoxically activate the MAPK pathway, depending whether activation is by BRAF mutation or by an upstream event, such as RAS mutation or receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Here we have identified next-generation RAF inhibitors (dubbed ‘paradox breakers’) that suppress mutant BRAF cells without activating the MAPK pathway in cells bearing upstream activation. In cells that express the same HRAS mutation prevalent in squamous tumors from patients treated with RAF inhibitors, the first-generation RAF inhibitor vemurafenib stimulated in vitro and in vivo growth and induced expression of MAPK pathway response genes; by contrast the paradox breakers PLX7904 and PLX8394 had no effect. Paradox breakers also overcame several known mechanisms of resistance to first-generation RAF inhibitors. Dissociating MAPK pathway inhibition from paradoxical activation might yield both improved safety and more durable efficacy than first-generation RAF inhibitors, a concept currently undergoing human clin. evaluation with PLX8394.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Antitumor agent resistance. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Weihong; Vrdoljak, Gordon; Liao, Ven-Chi; Moezzi, Bahman published the artcile< Major constituents of cannabis vape oil liquid, vapor and aerosol in California vape oil cartridge samples>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is cannabis vape oil liquid vapor aerosol major constituent GCMS; EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury); GC-MS; aerosol; delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol; nontarget; toxin; vape oil; vapor.

During the E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak of August 2019 to Feb. 2020, the California Department of Public Health, Food and Drug Laboratory Branch received numerous cannabis vape oil cartridge investigation samples from throughout the state. Many of these products were directly linked to patients; others were collected as part of investigations. We determined the major ingredients and additives in twelve unused cannabis vape oil cartridge samples obtained before (n = 2) and during the EVALI outbreak (n = 10) in California from Sept. 2018 to Dec. 2019. We tested for major constituents in vape oil liquid, vape oil vapor, and vape oil aerosol phases. A nontargeted Gas Chromatog. Mass Spectrometry direct injection screening method was developed for vape oils, a headspace heating module used for vape oil vapors and a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) vaping rig for aerosols generated by vaping. We have identified more than 100 terpenes and natural extracts, 19 cannabinoids, and other potential toxic additives such as Vitamin E Acetate, Polyethylene Glycols, and Medium Chain Triglycerides. We determined more terpenes and minor cannabinoids can be produced via vaporizing and aerosolizing the vape oil. Delta9-THC and potential toxic additives were found at lower levels in the vapor and aerosol than in the vape liquid

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Aerosols. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hoffmann, J. H. O.; Schaekel, K.; Hartl, D.; Enk, A. H.; Hadaschik, E. N. published the artcile< Dimethyl fumarate modulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a glutathione- and superoxide-dependent manner>, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is psoriasis dimethyl fumarate neutrophil extracellular trap glutathione superoxide.

Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear) granulocytes (PMN) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by releasing interleukin-17 and LL37-DNA complexes via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of chromatin strands decorated with antimicrobial peptides, in psoriatic skin. Fumaderm, a fumaric acid ester (FAE) formulation consisting of different FAE salts, has been successfully used to treat psoriasis for decades. Most recently, FAE treatment was reported to inhibit NET formation in murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. To elucidate the effect of FAE treatment on human psoriasis and healthy donor NET formation. Among the compounds present in the FAE formulation, di-Me fumarate (DMF) pretreatment of human psoriasis and healthy donor PMN resulted in a consistent inhibitory effect on NET formation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not to platelet activating factor and ionomycin. This effect was L-glutathione (GSH) dependent and involved a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a key event in NET formation. In contrast, G-protein-coupled signalling and protein synthesis were not involved. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) was found to slightly reduce ROS production without affecting NET formation. We report DMF as a potent, stimulus-specific, GSH- and ROS-dependent modulator of NET formation. Our results support the notion that modulation of NET formation contributes to the beneficial effects of FAEs in a variety of inflammatory conditions.

British Journal of Dermatology published new progress about Antioxidants. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Name: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reynolds, Joshua C.; Meusel, R. Cole; Catania, Anibal A.; Casassa, L. Federico published the artcile< Chemical and chromatic effects of fermentation temperature on three clones of pinot noir over two consecutive vintages>, Electric Literature of 112-63-0, the main research area is Vitis pinot noir fermentation temperature extraction flavonols phenolics anthocyanin.

Three different Pinot noir clones (115, 777, and 828), from the Central Coast of California, were submitted to different maceration temperature regimes for 14 days, using triplicate fermentations (Cold: 10°C, Hot: 25°C, Variable: 10°C, day 0 to 7; 25°C, day 8 to 14), to determine the effect of maceration temperature on color and phenolic extraction across all three clones over two consecutive vintages (2019 and 2020). In 2019, the Hot treatment and the Hot portion of the Variable treatment were realized by exposing the fermentors to direct sunlight, whereas in 2020 this was achieved by artificial heating. Spectrophotometric analyses showed that at time of pressing, extraction of total phenolics for Cold, Variable, and Hot temperature treatments was 723 mg/L, 894 mg/L, and 1031 mg/L, resp. Similar trends were observed for anthocyanins for Cold, Variable, and Hot treatments (208, 265, 284 mg/L, resp.), tannins (68, 81, 123 mg/L, resp.), and polymeric pigments (0.40, 0.46, 0.51 absorbance units [AU], resp.). Similarly, the average of both vintages′ Cold, Variable, and Hot treatments for monomeric anthocyanin concentration analyzed via HPLC was 210 mg/L, 269 g/L, and 267 mg/L, resp.; and that of flavonols was 26 mg/L, 28 mg/L, and 30 mg/L, resp. Color anal. showed a neg. correlation with temperature for CIELab lightness values across Cold, Variable, and Hot treatments (86.69, 84.89, 83.37, resp.), while indicating a pos. correlation for red hues (16.05, 17.73, 20.50, resp.), and wine color (AU 420 + 520 + 620 nm (0.48, 0.54, 0.60, resp.). Finally, differences in heating method between the two vintages (direct sunlight for 2019 and temperature-controlled room for 2020) proved to be a major factor in phenolic extraction

American Journal of Enology and Viticulture published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Electric Literature of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Bin; Cheng, Xuan; Guan, Zhen-Yu; Li, Si-Yuan; Huo, Tao; Cheng, Guo; Fan, Yan-Hui; Zhou, Fang-Shuai; Deng, Qing-Hai published the artcile< Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric nitrooxylation of β-keto esters/amides with a benziodoxole-derived nitrooxy transfer reagent>, Related Products of 112-63-0, the main research area is nitrooxy keto ester preparation enantioselective; cyclic keto ester benziodoxole nitrooxylation zinc catalyst; keto nitrooxy amide preparation enantioselective; benziodoxole cyclic keto amide nitrooxylation zinc catalyst.

The first asym. nitrooxylation of cyclic β-keto esters/amides I [R = H, 4-OMe, 5-Cl, 6-Me, etc.; R1 = tert-butoxy, methoxy, (adamantan-1-yl)amino, dibenzylamino, etc.] with an easily accessible hypervalent iodine-based nitrooxylating reagent is reported. The reaction was catalyzed using the combination of Zn(ClO4)2.6H2O and a dbfox ligand under mild reaction conditions and could also be scaled up to gram quantities, providing a series of α-nitrooxy β-keto esters/amides II in high yields (84%-99%) and with low to moderate enantioselectivities (up to 78% ee).

Organic Chemistry Frontiers published new progress about Amides, oxo Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Related Products of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Turkmen, Musa; Kocer, Oguzhan published the artcile< Variation of components in laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) fixed oil extracted by different methods>, Synthetic Route of 112-63-0, the main research area is Laurus fixed oil GCMS.

In the study, it was aimed to determine the constituents of laurel fixed oil obtained from the different genotypes of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is one of the natural plants of the region and which is widely found in the flora of Hatay, by traditional, cold press and soxhlet extraction methods. When the GC/MS anal. results of these obtained oils were examined, the main components of the fixed oils in the traditional method were found as capric acid (2.49%), lauric acid (1.17%), myristic acid (0.16%), palmitic acid (13.69%), stearic acid (2.39%).), oleic acid(55.01%), linoleic acid (10.56%) and linolenic acid(0.11%). In cold press method, fixed oil components was capric acid (0.24%), lauric acid(9.24%), myristic acid(0.98%), palmitic acid (18.41%), stearic acid (2.84%), oleic acid (38.59%), linoleic acid (23.67%) and linolenic acid (2.19%), while it was determined as capric acid (0.46%), lauric acid (11.16%), myristic acid (1.54%), palmitic acid (18.39%), stearic acid (3.58%), oleic acid (36.92%), linoleic acid (23.02%) and linolenic acid (2.54%) in soxhlet extraction method. As a result, while the components of laurel fixed oil did not change according to the fixed oil extraction methods, the amounts of these components changed. Therefore, it was determined that the method of oil extraction in laurel was important.

International Journal of Chemistry and Technology (Kilis, Turkey) published new progress about Extraction (Cold Press). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Synthetic Route of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kadnikov, Dmitry V.; Larock, Richard C. published the artcile< Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Annulation of Internal Alkynes: Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Coumarins>, Computed Properties of 112-63-0, the main research area is coumarin preparation palladium carbonylative annulation internal alkyne; carbonylation annulation iodophenol alkyne benzopyranone preparation; acyl palladium carbonylation annulation iodophenol alkyne benzopyranone preparation; cyclization carbonylation alkyne benzopyranone preparation; insertion cyclization carbonylation alkyne benzopyranone preparation; iodobenzenemethanol cyclization carbonylation alkyne.

The palladium-catalyzed annulation of internal alkynes by o-iodophenols in the presence of CO results in exclusive formation of coumarins. No isomeric chromones have been observed The best reaction conditions utilize 2-iodophenol, 5 equiv of alkyne, 1 atm of CO, 5 mol % Pd(OAc)2, 2 equiv of pyridine, and 1 equiv of n-Bu4NCl in DMF at 120 °C. The use of a sterically unhindered pyridine base is essential to achieve high yields. A wide variety of 3,4-disubstituted coumarins containing alkyl, aryl, silyl, alkoxy, acyl, and ester groups have been prepared in moderate to good yields. Mixtures of regioisomers have been obtained when unsym. alkynes are employed. 2-Iodophenols with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents and 3-iodo-2-pyridone are effective in this annulation process. For example, the reaction of 2-iodophenol with (1-butynyl)benzene gave a mixture of 4-ethyl-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 3-ethyl-4-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one. The reaction is believed to proceed via (1) oxidative addition of 2-iodophenol to Pd(0), (2) insertion of the alkyne triple bond into the aryl-palladium bond, (3) CO insertion into the resulting vinylic carbon-palladium bond, and (4) nucleophilic attack of the phenolic oxygen on the carbonyl carbon of the acylpalladium complex with simultaneous regeneration of the Pd(0) catalyst. This annulation process is the first example of intermol. insertion of an alkyne occurring in preference to CO insertion.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Alkynes Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Computed Properties of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sgarbi, Gianluca; Hitrec, Timna; Amici, Roberto; Baracca, Alessandra; Di Cristoforo, Alessia; Liuzzi, Francesca; Luppi, Marco; Solaini, Giancarlo; Squarcio, Fabio; Zamboni, Giovanni; Cerri, Matteo published the artcile< Mitochondrial respiration in rats during hypothermia resulting from central drug administration>, Application In Synthesis of 112-63-0, the main research area is mitochondrial respiration hypothermia muscimol N6 cyclohexyladenosine; Adenosine; Hypothermia; Mitochondria; Raphe pallidus; Torpor.

The ability to induce a hypothermia resembling that of natural torpor would be greatly beneficial in medical and non-medical fields. At present, two procedures based on central nervous pharmacol. manipulation have been shown to be effective in bringing core body temperature well below 30 °C in the rat, a non-hibernator: the first, based on the inhibition of a key relay in the central thermoregulatory pathway, the other, based on the activation of central adenosine A1 receptors. Although the role of mitochondria in the activation and maintenance of torpor has been extensively studied, no data are available for centrally induced hypothermia in non-hibernators. Thus, in the present work the respiration rate of mitochondria in the liver and in the kidney of rats following the aforementioned hypothermia-inducing treatments was studied. Moreover, to have an internal control, the same parameters were assessed in a well-consolidated model, i.e., mice during fasting-induced torpor. Our results show that state 3 respiration rate, which significantly decreased in the liver of mice, was unchanged in rats. An increase of state 4 respiration rate was observed in both species, although it was not statistically significant in rats under central adenosine stimulation. Also, a significant decrease of the respiratory control ratio was detected in both species. Finally, no effects were detected in kidney mitochondria in both species. Overall, in these hypothermic conditions liver mitochondria of rats remained active and apparently ready to be re-activated to produce energy and warm up the cells. These findings can be interpreted as encouraging in view of the finalization of a translational approach to humans.

Journal of Comparative Physiology, B: Biochemical, Systems, and Environmental Physiology published new progress about Brain (temperature). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Application In Synthesis of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhu, Xue; Wang, Peng; Bai, Zhimin; Herde, Marco; Ma, Yanqi; Li, Na; Liu, Shuo; Huang, Chao-Feng; Cui, Rongxiu; Ma, Hongyu; Zhang, Meng; Wang, Hui; Wei, Tiandi; Quan, Taiyong; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Chunguang; Zhang, Tao; Yang, Zhong-Bao published the artcile< Calmodulin-like protein CML24 interacts with CAMTA2 and WRKY46 to regulate ALMT1-dependent Al resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana>, COA of Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is Arabidopsis thaliana calmodulin CML CAMTA WRKY ALMT aluminum resistance; ALMT1; Arabidopsis roots; CML24; aluminium; malate exudation.

ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1)-mediated malate exudation from roots is critical for aluminum (Al) resistance in Arabidopsis. Its upstream mol. signalling regulation is not yet well understood. The role of CALMODULIN-LIKE24 (CML24) in Al-inhibited root growth and downstream mol. regulation of ALMT1-meditaed Al resistance was investigated. CML24 confers Al resistance demonstrated by an increased root-growth inhibition of the cml24 loss-of-function mutant under Al stress. This occurs mainly through the regulation of the ALMT1-mediated malate exudation from roots. The mutation and overexpression of CML24 leads to an elevated and reduced Al accumulation in the cell wall of roots, resp. Al stress induced both transcript and protein abundance of CML24 in root tips, especially in the transition zone. CML24 interacts with CALMODULIN BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR2 (CAMTA2) and promotes its transcriptional activity in the regulation of ALMT1 expression. This results in an enhanced malate exudation from roots and less root-growth inhibition under Al stress. Both CML24 and CAMTA2 interacted with WRKY46 suppressing the transcriptional repression of ALMT1 by WRKY46. The study provides novel insights into understanding of the upstream mol. signalling of the ALMT1-depdendent Al resistance.

New Phytologist published new progress about Arabidopsis thaliana. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, COA of Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics