Author: Jessica.F

Occurrence and migration of phthalates in adhesive materials to fruits and vegetables was written by Hou, Haonan;Min, Yihao;Liu, Xueke;Wang, Peng;Zhou, Zhiqiang;Liu, Donghui. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Application of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Labels or tapes are widely used on fresh fruits and vegetables, which may contain phthalates (PAEs). There are few studies on the contamination pathway of PAEs from labels or tapes to food stuff. In this study, the concentrations of eleven PAEs in adhesive labels, tapes, labeled fruits and vegetables on the market were investigated. The eleven PAEs were detected with the total concentration of 7.44-30.51 mg/m2 in labels and tapes. Di-Et phthalate (DEP), di-Bu phthalate (DIBP), di-Me phthalate (DMP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-Bu phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency in adhesive material samples. The concentrations of PAEs in labeled fruits were higher than that in unlabeled fruits, especially in the peel, indicating PAEs could transfer from labels or tapes to fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the migration behaviors of PAEs from labels or tapes to apples, avocados and celery were investigated. It was found that the PAEs could penetrate to apple and avocado pulp through the peel, resulting in the residue of the PAEs in the whole fruit. Unlike apple peel, the thick avocado peel was more difficultly penetrated by the PAEs. Due to the high lipid content, the PAEs distributed more evenly in avocado pulp than in apple pulp. The migrations up to a maximum of 4.16 mg/kg were found for Bu benzyl phthalate (BBP) in avocado peel and up to a maximum of 0.188 mg/kg in avocado pulp. The average migration of the PAEs in celery ranged from 0.3 to 26.1 μg/kg in three days and the low migration might result from the rough surface and less contacting area. These findings suggest that the use of labels or tapes in direct contact may increase the risk of PAEs exposure to humans through fruits and vegetables. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Pyrethroids and Jasmonoids through Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions was written by Parpal, Florencia;Paullier, Ana Paula;Pandolfi, Enrique;Heguaburu, Viviana. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2022.Application of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of jasmone and related jasmonoids and pyrethroids is described. These compounds play a defensive role in plants and share a common cyclopentenone core with variations in the side chains. Jasmone, cinerone, allylrethrone, and derivatives were synthesized through π-allyl palladium cross-coupling of stannane derivatives With selective hydrogenation, dihydrojasmone, and dihydrocinerone were also synthesized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of di- and poly-substituted phenols via [4 + 2] type cyclo-condensation was written by Shao, Ming-Zhe;Liu, Xiao-Yu;Li, Fang-Qing;Chen, Zili. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2021.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A new [4 + 2] type cyclocondensation was developed to prepare 3,5- and poly-substituted phenols using aryl ketoesters and ynones as the starting materials; Various substrates, such as aryl-, heteroaryl ketoesters and aryl-, vinyl-, alkyl substituted ynones, were employed. In addition, extending the substrate scope to benzoyl acetone provided 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Group transfer reactions using N-aroylbenzotriazoles was written by Karnik, A. V.;Yasmeen, A. S. Kadiri. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2004.Computed Properties of C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

N-Aroylbenzotriazoles (Ar = Ph, 3-MeC₆H₄, 2-ClC₆H₄, 3-O₂NC₆H₄) have been successfully used to transfer the aroyl group to the enolates of Et acetoacetate and acetylacetone. The intermediate products, namely Et aroylacetoacetate and aroylacetylacetone, undergo in situ hydrolysis to give the corresponding keto esters and β-diketones ArCOCH₂COR (R = Me, EtO). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Computed Properties of C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Condensation of γ-chloro esters of methylcyclohexane with dialkyl malonates was written by Gadzhiev, M. M.;Alieva, F. Dzh.;Guseinova, R. A.;Aliev, S. A.;Mamedova, S. G.. And the article was included in Kimya Problemlari in 2008.Related Products of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

New mixed esters on the basis of γ-chloro esters of 1-methylcyclohexane and dialkyl esters of malonic acid were synthesized. It was shown that newly synthesized compounds can be used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride linoleum for partial substitution of deficient dioctyl phthalate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Related Products of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and characterization of poly(hexamethylene 2,6-naphthalate)-block-poly(tetrahydrofuran) copolymers with shape memory effect was written by Walkowiak, Konrad;Irska, Izabela;Paszkiewicz, Sandra. And the article was included in Materials Research Bulletin in 2022.Recommanded Product: 6683-19-8 This article mentions the following:

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are able to return to their previous shape after deformation under certain conditions. Several block copolymers can exhibit shape memory behavior. The blocks in copolymers are usually immiscible, which leads to phase separation into rigid and flexible segments. For that reason, these materials combine the mech. properties of elastomers with the processing properties of thermoplastic. Thus, a poly(hexamethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PHN) and a series of poly(hexamethylene 2,6-naphthalate)-block-poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PHN-b-N-pTHF) copolymers were synthesized via melt polycondensation. The content of the N-pTHF flexible segment varied from 15 to 50 weight%. The materials were characterized with the use of Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mech. thermal anal., X-ray diffraction anal., the tensile tests (static and cyclic), and the cyclic thermo-mech. anal. The PHN-b-N-pTHF 50/50 was proved to be a promising thermoplastic shape memory polymer (SMP). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Recommanded Product: 6683-19-8).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 6683-19-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electrochemical Synthesis of 1-Naphthols by Intermolecular Annulation of Alkynes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds was written by He, Mu-Xue;Mo, Zu-Yu;Wang, Zi-Qiang;Cheng, Shi-Yan;Xie, Ren-Ren;Tang, Hai-Tao;Pan, Ying-Ming. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

C-centered radical cyclization under electrochem. conditions is a feasible strategy for constructing cyclic structures. Reported herein is the electrochem. synthesis of highly functionalized 1-naphthols using alkynes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by (4 + 2) annulation of C-centered radical. Electrolysis was conducted with Cp₂Fe as redox catalyst, thereby eliminating the use of oxidants and transition-metal catalysts. The synthesized 1-naphthol compounds showed good antitumor activity in vitro, and further studies indicated that compound I induced tumor cell apoptosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective Promotion of Adhesion of Shewanella oneidensis on Mannose-Decorated Glycopolymer Surfaces was written by Young, Thomas D.;Liau, Walter T.;Lee, Calvin K.;Mellody, Michael;Wong, Gerard C. L.;Kasko, Andrea M.;Weiss, Paul S.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4 This article mentions the following:

Using glycopolymer surfaces, the authors have stimulated Shewanella oneidensis bacterial colonization and induced where the bacteria attach on a mol. pattern. When the Me α-D-mannopyranoside competitor was codeposited with the cell culture, however, the mannose-based polymer was not significantly different from bare gold surfaces. The necessity for equilibration between Me α-D-mannopyranoside and the cell culture to remove the enhancement suggests that the retention of cells on glycopolymer surfaces is kinetically controlled and is not a thermodn. result of the cluster glycoside effect. The MshA lectin appears to facilitate the improved adhesion observed The findings that the surfaces studied here can induce stable initial attachment and influence the ratio of bacterial strains on the surface may be applied to harness useful microbial communities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 4163-60-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Erbium-Catalyzed Regioselective Isomerization-Cobalt-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Sequence for the Synthesis of Anti-Markovnikov Alcohols from Epoxides under Mild Conditions was written by Liu, Xin;Longwitz, Lars;Spiegelberg, Brian;Toenjes, Jan;Beweries, Torsten;Werner, Thomas. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2020.Synthetic Route of C11H14O3 This article mentions the following:

Herein, we report an efficient isomerization-transfer hydrogenation reaction sequence based on a cobalt pincer catalyst (1 mol%), which allows the synthesis of a series of anti-Markovnikov alcs. from terminal and internal epoxides under mild reaction conditions (≤55°, 8 h) at low catalyst loading. The reaction proceeds by Lewis acid (3 mol % Er(OTf)₃)-catalyzed epoxide isomerization and subsequent cobalt-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation using ammonia borane as the hydrogen source. The general applicability of this methodol. is highlighted by the synthesis of 43 alcs. from epoxides. A variety of terminal (23 examples) and 1,2-disubstituted internal epoxides (14 examples) bearing different functional groups are converted to the desired anti-Markovnikov alcs. in excellent selectivity and yields of up to 98%. For selected examples, it is shown that the reaction can be performed on a preparative scale up to 50 mmol. Notably, the isomerization step proceeds via the most stable carbocation. Thus, the regiochem. is controlled by stereoelectronic effects. As a result, in some cases, rearrangement of the carbon framework is observed when tri- and tetra-substituted epoxides (6 examples) are converted. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions even though aldehydes and ketones are also reduced to the resp. alcs. under the reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and control experiments were used to investigate the role of the Lewis acid in the reaction. Besides acting as the catalyst for the epoxide isomerization, the Lewis acid was found to facilitate the dehydrogenation of the hydrogen donor, which enhances the rate of the transfer hydrogenation step. These experiments addnl. indicate the direct transfer of hydrogen from the amine borane in the reduction step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Synthetic Route of C11H14O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C11H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rheological properties of UHMWPE/HDPE blend gels and morphology and mechanical properties of gel-spun fibers was written by Yang, Wenxiao;Bin, Yuezhen;Wang, Hai;Ge, Zhonghui. And the article was included in Polymer Engineering & Science in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) This article mentions the following:

To produce polyethylene (PE) fibers with relatively high tensile strength but low cost, ultra-high-mol.-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/high-d. polyethylene (HDPE) (UH) blend gels were prepared from paraffin oil and further fabricated into UH blend fibers by gel spinning. This research focused on the rheol. properties of UH blend gels with high solid contents (SCs) ranging from 25 to 100 g/L, as well as morphol. and mech. properties of resultant gel-spun UH blend fibers. The rheol. measurements indicated that the apparent viscosity, shear storage, and loss moduli of the UH blend gels were not markedly increased compared with those of the UHMWPE gel with much less SC. No obvious solid-liquid phase separation occurred in UH blend gels at a temperature above the sol-gel transition temperature UH blend fibers were prepared by drawing as-spun fibers (draw ratio [λ] = 3) at 110°C to λ = 15, 45, 60, and 80, resp. The orientation degree of fibril structure in UH blend fibers increased with increasing λ but the length of fibrils (L_fibril) showed a complex change. The L_fibril of UH blend fibers became larger due to chain arrangement in company with the transformation of the kebab structure to the extended shish structure when the λ was less than 45 but decreased during further elongation (λ = 60 and 80) because of fibril breakage and recrystallization The change in morphol. behavior led to the corresponding change in mech. properties of resultant gel-spun UH blend fibers. The tensile strength of gel-spun UH55-45 blend fiber (UHMWPE/HDPE = 5/5 and λ = 45) reached 15.6 cN/dtex, which could fulfill the requirement of mech. properties in common application. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8Application In Synthesis of 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)).

2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate) (cas: 6683-19-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 2,2-Bis(((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate)

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics